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Magellanic Bryozoa: Some ecological and zoogeographical aspects

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Abstract

This study summarizes observations made on more than 140 species obtained in Southern Chile and on many others collected from the Juan Fernández Islands to the Antarctic Peninsula from 1962 to 1980. The total number of the Magellanic Bryozoa including the author's records and those of the literature reaches 195. These species are: 15 Ctenostomata (7.69%), 46 Cyclostomata (23.59%) and 134 Cheilostomata (68.72%). Seven species are described as new: Arachnopusia admiranda sp. nov., Celleporella chiloensis sp. nov., Electra pilosissima sp. nov., Hippoporina chilota sp. nov., Parasmittina pluriavicularis sp. nov., Smittina ectoproctolitica sp. nov. and Smittina molarifera sp. nov. Typical characteristics of the Magellanic bryozoan fauna are: the Cyclostomata amount to 50% of all the subantarctic and antarctic species, with two endemic families Calvetiidae and Pseudidmoneidae; the Cheilostomata show a low endemism at the generic level compared to the antarctic group; the hippothoan fauna is very diversified with four species having tatiform ancestrulae. The zoarial diversity and the polymorphism of the Magellanic Bryozoa are qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of the Antarctic. Thus the encrusting species make up the main bulk of this bryozoan fauna with at least 110 spp. From a bryozoogeographical point of view the Magellanic Region comprises the following parts that could be considered as provinces: (a) Magellanic: including the southern tip of South America south to Lat. 40°S, plus the Patagonian Shelf and the Falkland Islands. (b) Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island. (c) Kerguelen and the nearby archipelagos in the Indian Sector of the Austral Ocean.

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  1. Departmento de Zoología, Universidad, de Concepcíón, Casilla 2407, Concepción, Chile

    H. I. Moyano

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  1. H. I. Moyano
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Communicated by O. Kinne, Hamburg

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Moyano, H.I. Magellanic Bryozoa: Some ecological and zoogeographical aspects. Mar. Biol. 67, 81–96 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397097

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