Abstract
The developmental process of goldfish is quite similar to that of zebrafish. This high similarity facilitates developmental biological studies in goldfish because methodologies that are frequently used in zebrafish may be easily adapted; for example, in situ hybridization and microinjection protocols can be adapted to goldfish. However, several goldfish-specific features still hinder experimental work in this species. Here, the accumulated knowledge in our laboratory provides the basis for detailed procedures for artificial fertilization, including obtaining fertilized eggs and experimental techniques like microscopic observations, histology, genotyping, analyses of the gene expression patterns, and functional analyses of genes. The techniques are illustrated with pictures, and I hope that this chapter will benefit enthusiastic breeders and fanciers who want to carefully observe the developmental process of their goldfish as well as all researchers who want to start goldfish evodevo studies in their own laboratories.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Asahida T, Kobayashi T, Saitoh K, Nakayama I (1996) Tissue preservation and total DNA extraction form fish stored at ambient temperature using buffers containing high concentration of urea. Fish Sci 62(5):727–730. https://doi.org/10.2331/fishsci.62.727
Davies PR, Hanyu I (1986) Effect of temperature and photoperiod on sexual maturation and spawning of the common carp: I. Under conditions of high temperature. Aquaculture 51(3–4):277–288
Hama H, Kurokawa H, Kawano H, Ando R, Shimogori T, Noda H, Fukami K, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A (2011) Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain. Nat Neurosci 14(11):1481–1488. http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v14/n11/abs/nn.2928.html#supplementary-information
Kaufman CK, White RM, Zon L (2009) Chemical genetic screening in the zebrafish embryo. Nat Protoc 4(10):1422. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2009.144
Kimmel CB, Ballard WW, Kimmel SR, Ullmann B, Schilling TF (1995) Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish. Dev Dyn 203(3):253–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1002030302
Kimmel CB, Walker MB, Miller CT (2007) Morphing the hyomandibular skeleton in development and evolution. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 308B(5):609–624. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.21155
Kimmel CB, DeLaurier A, Ullmann B, Dowd J, McFadden M (2010) Modes of developmental outgrowth and shaping of a craniofacial bone in zebrafish. PLoS One 5(3):e9475. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009475
Li IJ, Chang CJ, Liu SC, Abe G, Ota KG (2015) Postembryonic staging of wild-type goldfish, with brief reference to skeletal systems. Dev Dyn 244(12):1485–1518. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24340
Magyary I, Urbanyi B, Horvath L (1996) Cryopreservation of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) sperm II. Optimal conditions for fertilization. J Appl Ichthyol 12(2):117–119
Matsui Y (1934) Genetical studies on gold-fish of Japan. J Imp Fish Inst 30:1–98
Matsui Y, Kumagai T, Betts LC (1972) Pet library goldfish guide. Pet Library Limited, London
Mullins MC, Hammerschmidt M, Haffter P, Nusslein-Volhard C (1994) Large-scale mutagenesis in the zebrafish: in search of genes controlling development in a vertebrate. Curr Biol 4(3):189–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00048-8
Parichy DM, Elizondo MR, Mills MG, Gordon TN, Engeszer RE (2009) Normal table of postembryonic zebrafish development: staging by externally visible anatomy of the living fish. Dev Dyn 238(12):2975–3015. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.22113
Rupp RA, Snider L, Weintraub H (1994) Xenopus embryos regulate the nuclear localization of XMyoD. Genes Dev 8(11):1311–1323. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.8.11.1311
Schulte-Merker S, Ho RK, Herrmann BG, Nusslein-Volhard C (1992) The protein product of the zebrafish homologue of the mouse T gene is expressed in nuclei of the germ ring and the notochord of the early embryo. Development 116(4):1021–1032
Smartt J (2001) Goldfish varieties and genetics: handbook for breeders. Wiley, New York
Teichfischer B (1994) Goldfische in aller Welt: Haltung, Zuchtformen und Geschichte der ältesten Aquarienfische der Welt. Tetra, Melle
Tsai H-Y, Chang M, Liu S-C, Abe G, Ota KG (2013) Embryonic development of goldfish (Carassius auratus): a model for the study of evolutionary change in developmental mechanisms by artificial selection. Dev Dyn 242(11):1262–1283. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24022
Westerfield M (2007) The zebrafish book: a guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish Danio (“Brachydanio rerio”). University of Oregon, Eugene
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 "The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ota, K.G. (2021). Experimental Notes. In: Goldfish Development and Evolution. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0850-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0850-6_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-0849-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-0850-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)