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Plant Morphoanatomical Adaptations to Environmental Conditions of the Pantanal Wetland

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Flora and Vegetation of the Pantanal Wetland

Part of the book series: Plant and Vegetation ((PAVE,volume 18))

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Abstract

The Pantanal is well-known for its landscape diversity, which is subject to annual inundation followed by periods of drought, during which it is prone to fire. Its flora is diverse, ranging from aquatic macrophytes to woody plants. In this chapter, we present an overview of the morphoanatomical adaptations of aquatic macrophytes and woody species in the Pantanal to extreme environmental conditions. The morphoanatomy of the organs of aquatic macrophytes varies with inundation cycle and within the same individual. In general, variations occur in the amount and distribution of aerenchyma, location and stomatal functionality, and amount and arrangement of chlorenchyma. Inundation in riparian forests leads to sediment anoxia. Responses to anoxia in seedlings vary from the formation of hypertrophied lenticels and development of adventitious roots to reduced plant growth. Periodically, fires occur at the end of water receding, when there is an accumulation of litter in extensive areas previously covered by water and supporting aquatic vegetation. Under such conditions, the persistence of species is guaranteed by diaspores or belowground organs that remain dormant in the soil, sprouting in the subsequent flooding. The numerous morphoanatomical adaptations in aquatic and woody plants are essential features required for their survival in the Pantanal.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Rede de Sementes do Pantanal for support during the fieldwork that made this research project possible; to the Instituto Nacional de Áreas Úmidas (INAU) and Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul - FUNDECT (Edital PAPOS) for financial support, and to Dr. Arnildo Pott and Dra. Vali Joana Pott for English language review and plant identification.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

    Edna Scremin-Dias, Jane Rodrigues da Silva, Gisele Catian, Vitoria Silva Fabiano & Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda

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  1. Edna Scremin-Dias
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  2. Jane Rodrigues da Silva
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  3. Gisele Catian
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  4. Vitoria Silva Fabiano
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  5. Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Edna Scremin-Dias .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Biociências, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

    Geraldo Alves Damasceno-Junior

  2. Instituto de Biociências, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

    Arnildo Pott

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Scremin-Dias, E., da Silva, J.R., Catian, G., Fabiano, V.S., do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda, R. (2021). Plant Morphoanatomical Adaptations to Environmental Conditions of the Pantanal Wetland. In: Damasceno-Junior, G.A., Pott, A. (eds) Flora and Vegetation of the Pantanal Wetland. Plant and Vegetation, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83375-6_16

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