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Effects of dietary astaxanthin on chromatic, biochemical, and histological characteristics in juvenile blood parrotfish (Vieja melanurus ♀ × Amphilophus citrinellus ♂)

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Abstract

This study investigated the effects of astaxanthin, a carotenoid supplement, on the physiology and coloration of juvenile blood parrotfish cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system. Fish were divided into three groups: a control group fed a basal diet for 84 days, a coloration (ASX) group fed an astaxanthin-enriched diet for 84 days, and a decoloration (ASX-) group initially fed an astaxanthin-enriched diet for 42 days and then switched to a basal diet for another 42 days. The results showed that astaxanthin increased the density of erythrophore cells in the skin of the fish, leading to increased (P < 0.05) redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma (Cab*), and hue (H°ab) in the skin and muscle of the ASX group compared to the ASX- and control groups. It also led to increased (P < 0.05) villus height and muscular thickness in the anterior, mid, and posterior intestines, as well as increased production of Kupffer cells in the liver and red pulp in the spleen compared to those fed ASX- and control diets. Additionally, astaxanthin improved the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the blood plasma and lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the liver. The study concluded that astaxanthin significantly improved the concentration of pigment cells, chromatic parameters, villus height, and muscular thickness in blood parrotfish. The differences observed in the groups were attributed to short-term changes in the group that switched from an astaxanthin-enriched diet to a basal diet.

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Data availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Abbreviations

a*:

Redness

AI:

Anterior intestine

ASX:

Coloration diet (0.45 g/kg astaxanthin)

ASX-:

Decoloration diet (0.45 g/kg + 0 g/kg)

b*:

Yellowness

CA:

Central arteriole

C ab* :

Chroma

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

H&E:

Hematoxylin and eosin

HP:

Hepatocytes

KCs:

Kupffer cells

L*:

Lightness

LV:

Liver

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

MI:

Mid-intestine

MS-222:

Tricaine methanesulfonate

MT:

Muscular thickness

ns:

Not significant

OD:

Optical density

PI:

Posterior intestine

RP:

Red pulp

rpm:

Revolution per minute

SD:

Standard deviation

SN:

Sinusoids

SPSS:

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

VH:

Villus height

VW:

Villus width

WP:

White pulp

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the technical support provided by Mr. Pingfan Zhou for the intestinal photomicrograph analysis. This work was funded by the Shanghai Sailing Program, China (19YF1419400) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (20ZR1423600).

Funding

This work was funded by the Shanghai Sailing Program, China (19YF1419400), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (20ZR1423600).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Adekunle David Micah, Bin Wen, Abdullateef Yusuf, Jian-Zhong Gao & Zai-Zhong Chen

  2. Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Adekunle David Micah, Bin Wen, Jian-Zhong Gao & Zai-Zhong Chen

  3. Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Adekunle David Micah, Bin Wen, Jian-Zhong Gao & Zai-Zhong Chen

  4. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Adekunle David Micah, Bin Wen, Jian-Zhong Gao & Zai-Zhong Chen

  5. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Prince Abubakar Audu University, P.M.B 1008, Anyigba, Nigeria

    Adekunle David Micah, Meriyamoh Mero Onimisi & Samuel Olusegun Adeyemi

  6. Department of Biology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

    Abdullateef Yusuf

  7. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Adekunle David Micah, Bin Wen, Jian-Zhong Gao & Zai-Zhong Chen

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  1. Adekunle David Micah
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Contributions

Zai-Zhong Chen, BW, and JZG: funding acquisition, conceptualization, project administration, review and editing, and supervision. ADM: investigation, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, software, and original draft. AY: methodology, analysis, and validation. MMO and SOA: review and editing.

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Micah, A.D., Wen, B., Yusuf, A. et al. Effects of dietary astaxanthin on chromatic, biochemical, and histological characteristics in juvenile blood parrotfish (Vieja melanurus ♀ × Amphilophus citrinellus ♂). Aquacult Int (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-024-01451-1

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