Rainbow Shark - Epalzeorhynchos Frenatum : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
The Rainbow Shark (Epalzeorhynchos Frenatum), is an unmissable addition to any aquarium, thanks to its outstanding visual appeal. However, beneath their vibrant beauty lies a propensity for aggression when housed with their kin. It's not unusual to witness head-and-tail butting, biting, and threat displays. Larger Rainbow Sharks are known to exhibit pronounced territoriality, often to the detriment of their smaller tankmates. This dominant behavior also heightens the risk of the fish leaping out of the tank.
The number of Rainbow Sharks to keep in an aquarium hinges on factors like tank size, compatibility with other fish, and individual behavior. Generally, it's best to have just one Albino Rainbow Shark per aquarium, especially in smaller tanks. These fish can exhibit territorial behavior, particularly towards their own kind, potentially resulting in aggression and territorial conflicts if multiple individuals are kept together. In larger tanks with ample space and suitable hiding spots like caves and dense vegetation, keeping multiple Albino Rainbow Sharks may be feasible. However, diligent observation of their behavior is crucial to prevent aggression.
Although juvenile Rainbow Sharks are comparatively timid and spend ample time in hiding, their inherent aggressive nature can be a challenge for novice aquarists. That said, Rainbow Sharks are generally amiable when paired with Barbs, Rainbowfish, Danios, Loaches, Plecos, Rasboras, and Gouramis, all of whom tend to occupy the top and middle sections of the tank. Larger freshwater shrimp species can also cohabit with Rainbow Sharks, though any eggs or fry might not be safe from their predatory instincts. Smaller, shyer fish should be avoided as Rainbow Sharks may force them out of their territory.
In terms of decor, Rainbow Sharks aren't particularly demanding, as long as they have enough cover. They tend not to harm soft-leaved plants. To recreate their natural river-like habitat, consider a substrate of various sized rocks, gravel, and large water-worn boulders. Incorporating driftwood roots and branches, along with hardy aquatic plants, can enhance the aquarium's visual appeal. Like many species native to flowing water, Rainbow Sharks are sensitive to organic waste buildup and require a habitat rich in dissolved oxygen with moderate water flow.
With their elongated bodies exhibiting hues from black and dark blue to bright blue, Rainbow Sharks are easily distinguishable. Their sharp snout, flat belly, and vibrant fins varying from red to orange-red, further define their appearance. A distinct short stripe extending from the gill cover, eye, and mouth, adds to their unique look. Males, compared to females, are characterized by slimmer bodies, black lines along their tail fins, and more intense coloration.
For those seeking a distinct variety of this species, the Albino Rainbow Shark makes an alluring choice. While retaining the characteristic orange-red fins, its body is a captivating creamy-white, setting it apart from the more common Rainbow Shark.
1 Rainbow Shark variant
Below is a list of Variant/Colour Morphs of the Rainbow Shark
Rainbow Shark Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Distinguishing between mature male and female Rainbow Sharks is a relatively straightforward task. Males typically sport vivid red or orange fins, which are more conspicuous compared to those of females. Additionally, they bear slender grey lines on their tail fins, a trait not seen in females. On the other hand, female Rainbow Sharks present a more rounded belly and generally appear more robust in comparison to males. However, it's important to note that these differentiating traits become noticeable only as the fish reach maturity since juvenile Rainbow Sharks do not display any prominent sexual dimorphism.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Epalzeorhynchos Frenatum |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 1934 |
| Other Names | Red-Finned Shark |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Cypriniformes |
| Family | Cyprinidae |
| Genus | Epalzeorhynchos |
| Origins | Thailand , Malaysia , Laos , Myanmar |
| Max Size | 15 cm |
| Temperament | Semi-Aggressive |
| Aquarium Level | Bottom |
| Difficulty | Beginner |
| Shoaling | No |
| Best kept as | Loners |
| Diet & Feeding | Omnivore |
| Reproduction | Egg Depositor |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 8 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 6.5 - 7.5 |
| GH | 10-16 |
| KH | 1-10 |
| ℉ | 72 - 82 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 22 - 27 |
Natural Habitat
Originating from Southeast Asian regions including Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, and Myanmar, Rainbow Sharks thrive in warm, pristine freshwater rivers characterized by abundant plankton and sandy bottoms. These tranquil waters serve as their natural habitat, where they actively forage the riverbed for sustenance and seek refuge.
Remarkably, Rainbow Sharks exhibit a tendency to migrate to floodplains, inundated fields, and forests during periods of heavy rainfall or flooding. This adaptability allows them to flourish in fluctuating conditions, underscoring their uniqueness and appeal. Creating an ideal habitat for Rainbow Sharks in a home aquarium may require some dedication, but the captivating result is undoubtedly rewarding. With their vibrant colors and engaging personalities, Rainbow Sharks make a remarkable addition to any aquatic environment.
Breeding
In their wild habitat, Rainbow Sharks captivate observers with their enthralling mating rituals, typically witnessed between October and November as they reach sexual maturity. Various factors, including seasonal shifts, temperature variances, and daylight hour changes, can influence the precise timing of these amorous activities.
The mating process involves the female Rainbow Shark discharging her eggs, which are promptly fertilized by the male as he coats them with his milt. In about a week's time, the eggs hatch, unveiling the enchanting new generation of Rainbow Sharks.
Though the prospect of breeding Rainbow Sharks in an aquarium setting may sound exciting for enthusiasts, it's important to note that this is a remarkably difficult task to achieve. There are, to date, no known successful cases of Rainbow Shark breeding in a home aquarium. However, it's noteworthy that these species are successfully bred in vast numbers in commercial farms across Southeast Asia.
Regardless of the challenges tied to their captive breeding, the sight of these stunning creatures engaged in their natural mating process remains a truly remarkable spectacle.
Diet & Feeding
Rainbow Sharks exhibit adaptable feeding behavior, readily consuming most food items that sink to the tank's bottom. To promote optimal health and bolster their immune system, it is recommended to offer these fish a diverse diet. This can be accomplished by incorporating a variety of food types such as algae wafers or tablets, insect larvae, frozen or live foods, and zooplankton.
Additionally, blanched vegetables like spinach, lettuce, and peas can serve as nutritious and enjoyable supplements to their regular feeding routine. Providing a varied diet not only ensures Rainbow Sharks receive essential nutrients but also enhances their feeding experience with added enrichment.
