Peruvian Tetra - Hyphessobrycon peruvianus : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
The Peruvian Tetra (Hyphessobrycon peruvianus) is an eye-catching freshwater fish species indigenous to the Peruvian Amazon basin in South America. Celebrated for its vibrant hues and elegant demeanour, this species is highly sought after by enthusiasts for inclusion in community aquariums. With its lustrous silver body, the Peruvian Tetra adds a captivating charm to any aquatic exhibit. Proper husbandry and an appropriate habitat are essential for these Tetras to thrive and bring satisfaction to aquarists of all skill levels.
In their natural habitat, Peruvian Tetras typically inhabit groups of several dozen individuals, although they are not inherently gregarious, aside from instances of perceived threat. While they do not exhibit schooling behaviour like Neons and other cardinal species, there may be some territorial disputes among males who establish mini-territories. However, maintaining these diminutive fish in groups of at least 8 individuals in an aquarium is imperative for their well-being. To foster a tranquil and harmonious aquatic community, tankmates should be of comparable size and disposition, including Hatchetfish, Pencilfish, small to medium-sized Cichlids, Corydoras Catfish, and small Loricariids.
Creating an optimal environment for Peruvian Tetras entails maintaining a well-established aquarium with a dark substrate and background, providing a visually striking contrast while instilling a sense of security for the fish. Incorporating driftwood and ample plant life, both rooted and floating, mimics their natural habitat and enhances their comfort. Effective filtration is vital to uphold water quality, while gentle water movement accommodates the preferences of these Tetras. Regular water changes using soft, acidic water are recommended to maintain ideal conditions.
Identifiable by a distinct black longitudinal band extending into the caudal fin, the Peruvian Tetra showcases a captivating colour scheme. Its upper body is iridescent silver-green, contrasting with the iridescent blue of the lower half. The dorsal and caudal fins boast vibrant orange-yellow hues, while the remaining fins are colourless, contributing to the species' overall allure.
Peruvian Tetra Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Identifying the sex of Peruvian Tetras can pose a challenge even for seasoned aquarists. However, with meticulous observation, it is feasible to distinguish between males and females. Mature females typically display a slightly larger size and a fuller belly compared to their male counterparts, who typically exhibit a more streamlined physique.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Hyphessobrycon peruvianus |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 1938 |
| Other Names | Blue Loreto Tetra |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Characiformes |
| Family | Characidae |
| Genus | Hyphessobrycon |
| Origins | Peru |
| Max Size | 4 cm |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Aquarium Level | Middle |
| Difficulty | Beginner - Intermediate |
| Shoaling | No |
| Best kept as | Groups 8+ |
| Diet & Feeding | Omnivore |
| Reproduction | Egg-Scatterer |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 5 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 6.0 - 7.0 |
| GH | 5 - 10 |
| ℉ | 75 - 79 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 24 - 26 |
Natural Habitat
Peruvian Tetras are native to the Upper Amazon River Basin, inhabiting the area between Tabatinga and Iquitos in Loreto State, Peru, South America. These Tetras inhabit minor tributaries and forest streams characterized by dense vegetation, leaf litter, and submerged roots. They are known to thrive in habitats prone to flooding, particularly during periods of high water. The water in their natural environment is typically soft, acidic, and tinted brown by tannins released from decomposing leaves and wood. Therefore, aquarists interested in keeping Loreto these Tetras must recreate these specific habitat conditions within the aquarium to promote their optimal health and well-being.
Breeding
Breeding Peruvian Tetras can offer a rewarding experience for aquarists, requiring the establishment of a dedicated breeding tank to maximize fry production. This tank should be dimly lit and furnished with fine-leaved plants like Java Moss or spawning mops where the fish can release their eggs.
To safeguard the eggs from parental consumption, a mesh covering the tank bottom with holes large enough for the eggs to drop through is recommended. Water parameters in the breeding tank should mirror the species' natural habitat, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH and a slightly elevated temperature compared to the community aquarium. Adequate oxygenation and water movement can be provided by an air-powered sponge filter or air stone.
Conditioning both male and female groups with a varied diet of live and frozen foods, ideally in separate tanks, can enhance the likelihood of successful spawning. Once the female exhibits a swollen abdomen indicative of egg readiness and the male displays vibrant colours, selecting the healthiest pair and transferring them to the breeding tank often results in spawning within the following day.
To prevent egg consumption by adults, prompt removal upon observation is essential. Eggs typically hatch within 24 to 36 hours, with the fry becoming free-swimming three to four days later. Offering infusoria-type foods initially, followed by baby brine shrimp and microworms, ensures proper nourishment for the fry. Maintaining dim or off lighting during the early stages is advisable, as eggs and fry are sensitive to light.
Diet & Feeding
In their native environment, Peruvian Tetras exhibit opportunistic feeding behaviour, preying on crustaceans, small invertebrates, and insects. Therefore, to ensure their vitality and longevity in an aquarium environment, it is advisable to provide them with a diverse diet comprising high-quality dried foods, as well as live and frozen options.
Offering Peruvian Tetras a varied diet, including small live and frozen foods like brine shrimp, daphnia, and bloodworms, is crucial to meeting their nutritional needs. Additionally, incorporating vegetable matter such as blanched spinach or zucchini can provide supplementary benefits to their health. Feeding should be conducted in regular intervals with smaller portions to minimize the risk of overfeeding and maintain optimal water quality in the aquarium.
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