Orange Spotted Snakehead - Channa aurantimaculata Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
The Orange Spotted Snakehead (Channa aurantimaculata) stands as an extraordinary freshwater fish species celebrated for its captivating appearance and intriguing behavioural traits, capturing the interest of both dedicated aquarists and passionate enthusiasts.
Due to its aggressive territorial nature, it is highly recommended to house the Orange Spotted Snakehead in a species-only aquarium. Even in pairs or groups that have been kept together for extended periods, sudden and unanticipated bouts of violence can arise. Optimal conditions involve maintaining a single fish or a carefully monitored pair.
Considering their substantial size, aggressive tendencies, and sub-tropical nature, it is advised to avoid introducing tank mates. However, if one wishes to combine the Orange Spotted Snakehead with other large and robust species, providing a spacious aquarium with ample barriers and concealment options is crucial. Additionally, the chosen tankmates must tolerate the necessary seasonal temperature fluctuations that these Snakeheads require.
Creating an environment that suits the preferences of Orange Spotted Snakeheads involves providing a dimly lit aquarium adorned with surface vegetation and submerged cover. Employing a securely fitted hood to prevent their renowned escapism is of utmost importance. Furthermore, maintaining a gap between the water surface and the hood allows the Snakeheads access to a layer of humid air, a vital requirement for their well-being.
To mimic their natural habitat, it is imperative to subject the Orange Spotted Snakeheads to a temperature regime that emulates the distinct seasonal variations they experience. This includes well-defined winter and summer periods. During colder months, their feeding requirements decrease, and it is acceptable for the water level to decline without frequent top-ups.
The striking physical features of the Orange Spotted Snakehead encompass a dark brown to black upper body adorned with seven to eight irregular and sizeable orange blotches. Notably, the pectoral fin showcases a distinctive black blotch at the base, accompanied by five broad blackish bands, further enhancing their visual allure.
Orange Spotted Snakehead Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Distinguishing between male and female Orange Spotted Snakeheads can be achieved with relative ease, as the two genders display discernible differences. Males exhibit notable features, including narrower heads, taller dorsal fins, and more vibrant and striking colouration. Conversely, females showcase broader heads and present a more understated and subdued colouration in comparison.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Channa aurantimaculata |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 2000 |
| Other Names | Golden Cobra Snakehead, Orangespot Snakehead |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Anabantiformes |
| Family | Channidae |
| Genus | Channa |
| Origins | India |
| Max Size | 40 cm |
| Temperament | Aggressive |
| Aquarium Level | Bottom - Middle |
| Difficulty | Intermediate - Advanced |
| Shoaling | No |
| Best kept as | Pairs |
| Diet & Feeding | Carnivore |
| Reproduction | Mouthbrooder |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 15 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 6.0 - 8.0 |
| GH | 5 - 15 |
| TDS | 36 - 357 |
| ℉ | 50 - 82 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 10 - 28 |
Natural Habitat
Orange Spotted Snakeheads are native to the Brahmaputra River Basin, located in the northeastern region of Assam, India. These Snakeheads thrive in diverse aquatic habitats, including streams, swamps, and ponds. The region experiences a tropical monsoon rainforest climate characterized by copious rainfall, elevated humidity levels, and hot summer temperatures.
Breeding
The breeding habits of Orange Spotted Snakeheads exhibit fascinating aspects of their reproductive behaviour. These snakeheads are paternal mouthbrooders, meaning that the males take on the responsibility of protecting the eggs and fry in their mouths until they are ready to be released.
During courtship, the males display elaborate behaviours such as flaring their fins, erecting their dorsal spines, and engaging in vigorous chasing and circling patterns.
Once a female is enticed, she deposits her eggs, and the male swiftly fertilizes them. The male then collects the eggs in his mouth and incubates them for around 2 to 3 weeks, during which he refrains from eating.
After hatching, the fry is released, and the male continues to guard and protect them until they become self-sufficient. This unique parental care strategy contributes to the survival and success of the species in their natural habitat.
Diet & Feeding
The Orange Spotted Snakehead, in its natural habitat, predominantly relies on a diet consisting of smaller fish and insects. However, when housed in captive environments, they often exhibit adaptability in consuming non-living alternative food sources. It is essential to note that while some individuals may accept dried foods, these should not form the primary component of their diet.
For juvenile Orange Spotted Snakeheads, suitable food options include bloodworms, small earthworms, chopped prawns, and similar offerings. As these fish mature into adulthood, their dietary preferences can shift towards fish flesh strips, whole prawns, mussels, live River Shrimp and larger earthworms.
Refraining from feeding these fish with beef heart or chicken is crucial, as their metabolic processes are not adept at effectively processing the lipids present in such food items. Consumption of such food can lead to the accumulation of excessive fat deposits and potential organ degeneration.
Furthermore, using "feeder" fish, such as Livebearers or small Goldfish, is not recommended unless these prey items have been appropriately conditioned beforehand. These prey items do not offer the Orange Spotted Snakeheads substantial nutritional value.
