Echinocereus Special Issue - Cacti Guide
Echinocereus Special Issue - Cacti Guide
Echinocereus Special Issue - Cacti Guide
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D3<br />
Cactus & Co. <strong>Special</strong>e/<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Issue</strong> 1 <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
S P E C I A L E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
CACTUS&Co. Associazione Internazionale/International Society<br />
SUPPLEMENTO AL VOLUME II • NUMERO 3 • LUGLIO 1998 • SPEDIZIONE IN ABBONAMENTO POSTALE ART. 2 COMMA 20C LEGGE 626/96 VARESE • TRIMESTRALE<br />
A cura di/Edited by Lino Di Martino
<strong>Special</strong>e <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
Supplemento al<br />
VOL. II • N° 3 • LUGLIO 1998<br />
PREFAZIONE<br />
di Lino Di Martino 4<br />
NOTE SULLA COLTIVAZIONE<br />
di Lino Di Martino e<br />
Leonardo Gavazzi 5<br />
DAL SEME AL SUCCESSO IN<br />
POCO TEMPO<br />
di Bill R. Beaston 12<br />
PATOLOGIE:<br />
HELMINTHOSPORIUM<br />
CACTIVORUM<br />
di Bill R. Beaston 19<br />
ALCUNE OSSERVAZIONI SUGLI<br />
IBRIDI DI ECHINOCEREUS<br />
di Bill R. Beaston 20<br />
ECHINOCEREUS INDEX<br />
di Terry L. Corbett 23<br />
ADDENDA<br />
di Terry L. Corbett 92<br />
ABBREVIAZIONI<br />
BIBLIOGRAFIA<br />
RIFERIMENTI ALLE<br />
ILLUSTRAZIONI<br />
FORME SCELTE<br />
CLOSE-UPS<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
Trimestrale dell’Associazione Internazionale Cactus & Co.<br />
Quarterly Journal of the Cactus & Co. International Society<br />
93<br />
93<br />
99<br />
106<br />
110<br />
Presidente/President: Alberto Marvelli. Vicepresidente/Vice President: Carlo Doni<br />
Segretario/Secretary: Mariangela Costanzo, viale Piave 68, I-20060 Pessano (MI), Italy; E-mail: guppy@fruitshop.it.<br />
Direttore Editoriale Pubblicazioni/Cactus & Co. and publications Editor: Lucio Russo,<br />
via Ribolzi 19, I-28831 Baveno (VB), Italy; E-mail: russo.cactus@gse.it<br />
Direttore Responsabile: Massimo Ferrari. Consulenti Scientifici/Scientific Advisors: Massimo Meregalli, Maurizio Sajeva<br />
Fascicoli arretrati (Italia): Alberto Marvelli, via Meucci, 10 - 21049 Tradate (VA); fax: 0331-842921; E-mail: amarvel@tin.it<br />
Back issues (except Italy): Rainbow Gardens Bookshop, 1444 Taylor St. Vista, CA 92084 USA Fax: 760-9458934 E-mail rgbdns@aol.com.<br />
•<br />
Progetto grafico: L. Russo. Editing: S. Meroni. Traduzioni: Nordovest. Revisione testo inglese: A. Rollason, D. Benadom, P. Blackman.<br />
Layout & Design: L. Russo. Proof-reading Italian text: S. Meroni. Translations: Nordovest. Proof-reading English text: A. Rollason, D. Benadom, P. Blackman.<br />
Cactus & Co. Home Page: http://www.cactus-co.org<br />
© Cactus & Co., rivista trimestrale. Tutti i diritti riservati. Reg. Tribunale di Milano N° 630 del 19/10/96.<br />
© Cactus & Co., quarterly journal. All rights reserved.<br />
È vietata la riproduzione parziale o totale con qualunque mezzo senza autorizzazione scritta del Direttore Editoriale.<br />
No parts of this publication may be reproduced in any form and by any means without written permission of the Editor.<br />
Stampa: Grafica Quadro, Tradate (VA). Fotolito: Eurograph, Vedano Olona (VA). Finito di stampare Giugno1998.<br />
In copertina/Cover: E. scheeri var. obscuriensis Lau 091. Foto di/Photo by W. S. LaHaye.<br />
Retro di copertina/Back cover: E. stramineus? in habitat 70 km N. of Saltillo, Coah. Mx. Foto di/Photo by G. Orbani.<br />
3<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> <strong>Special</strong> <strong>Issue</strong><br />
Supplement to<br />
VOL. II • N° 3 • JULY 1998<br />
FOREWORD<br />
4 by Lino Di Martino<br />
NOTES ON CULTIVATION<br />
by Lino Di Martino &<br />
5 Leonardo Gavazzi<br />
FROM SEED TO SUCCESS IN LESS<br />
THAN A LIFETIME<br />
12 by Bill R. Beaston<br />
PEST CONTROL:<br />
HELMINTHOSPORIUM<br />
CACTIVORUM<br />
19 by Bill R. Beaston<br />
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON ECHINOCE-<br />
REUS HYBRIDS<br />
20 by Bill R. Beaston<br />
THE ECHINOCEREUS INDEX<br />
23 by Terry L. Corbett<br />
ADDENDA<br />
92 by Terry L. Corbett<br />
ABBREVIATIONS<br />
93<br />
93<br />
99<br />
106<br />
110<br />
BIBLIOGRAPHY<br />
INDEX<br />
ICONOGRAPHY<br />
CHOICE FORMS<br />
CLOSE-UPS
Q<br />
uesto numero speciale di Cactus & Co. è interamente<br />
dedicato a <strong>Echinocereus</strong>, uno dei generi più popolari<br />
e interessanti fra le Cactaceae, il cui areale copre gran parte<br />
del Messico e dell’Ovest degli Stati Uniti. Appassionati e collezionisti<br />
sono attratti dalla bellezza dei fiori, dalla varietà<br />
degli abiti vegetativi e della spinagione e, perchè no, dalle<br />
sfide imposte da alcune specie talvolta restie a fiorire. Confidiamo<br />
che i lettori possano trovare nei contributi di Bill<br />
Beaston, Lino Di Martino e Leonardo Gavazzi utili suggerimenti<br />
per la coltivazione in tutti i suoi aspetti.<br />
Di grande interesse è la lunga e complessa storia tassonomica<br />
del genere, che ancora merita, nonostante vari e importanti<br />
contributi recenti, serio impegno, attenzione e sistematici<br />
studi sul campo. Ciò è vero per gli Stati Uniti e, a<br />
maggior ragione, per i taxa del Messico, dove nuove scoperte<br />
in aree ancora poco esplorate non sono improbabili, ma<br />
le possibilità di studio e ricerca sono fortemente ostacolate<br />
dalle restrizioni attualmente in vigore. Vale la pena di osservare<br />
che ciò rende ancor più importante il mantenimento e<br />
lo sviluppo di collezioni di riferimento, provviste di dati sicuri<br />
e al riparo da ibridazioni non controllate. Siamo pertanto<br />
lieti di presentare l’<strong>Echinocereus</strong> Index compilato da Terry L.<br />
Corbett: un elenco completo, ma anche una guida ragionata<br />
ai numerosissimi nomi di <strong>Echinocereus</strong> comparsi nella letteratura<br />
in più di un secolo e mezzo. L’Index è il frutto di<br />
anni di lavoro e paziente confronto con le pubblicazioni originali.<br />
Rinviando all’introduzione di Terry Corbett per informazioni<br />
dettagliate e per le necessarie “istruzioni per<br />
l’uso”, desideriamo tuttavia sottolineare, a scanso di possibili<br />
fraintendimenti, che l’Index non aderisce a una particolare<br />
revisione tassonomica a scapito di altre. Pertanto – lungi<br />
dall’assumere i caratteri di una checklist, che distingua fra taxa<br />
accettati come specie buone, taxa provvisoriamente accettati,<br />
e taxa ridotti a sinonimi in base a considerazioni puramente<br />
tassonomiche – esso elenca e organizza i nomi di <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
secondo validità e priorità cronologica, limitando<br />
l’indicazione dei sinonimi a quelli strettamente nomenclaturali,<br />
o con ogni evidenza a essi assimilabili, e ponendo in<br />
nota eventuali indicazioni o commenti sul probabile status<br />
tassonomico di singoli taxa secondo l’interpretazione più<br />
diffusa. Al lettore che volesse approfondire le proprie conoscenze<br />
si consiglia di consultare, oltre ai libri di Weniger (<strong>Cacti</strong><br />
of the Southwest, 1970), Benson (<strong>Cacti</strong> of the United States and<br />
Canada, 1982) e Bravo-Hollis/Sanchez-Mejorada (Las Cactaceas<br />
de Mexico Vol.II, 1991), la monografia di Nigel Taylor<br />
(The Genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>,1985), e i suoi successivi studi apparsi<br />
su Bradleya nel 1988 e 1989, e su Piante Grasse nel 1993.<br />
Molto attesa è anche la revisione di Blum, Lange, Rischer e<br />
Rutow, di imminente pubblicazione.<br />
Abbiamo ritenuto utile affiancare all’Index una ricca iconografia<br />
nella speranza che il lettore possa essere aiutato nel riconoscimento<br />
di gran parte dei taxa che si incontrano in coltivazione.<br />
Mentre assumiamo ogni responsabilità per gli errori e le imprecisioni<br />
che avessero eluso i nostri sforzi, desideriamo ringraziare<br />
tutti coloro che hanno generosamente contribuito con le loro<br />
foto e i loro suggerimenti e in particolare Bill Beaston, Duke e<br />
Kazuko Benadom, Leonardo Gavazzi, Bill LaHaye, Michael Lange,<br />
Woody Minnich, Martina e Andreas Ohr e Steve Plath.<br />
Infine, due “chicche”: una galleria di forme e varianti poco note<br />
o rare, e perciò particolarmente interessanti, accompagnate da<br />
descrizioni e commenti (per alcuni dei quali ringraziamo Bill<br />
Beaston e Duke Benadom) e un portfolio di close-ups di alcuni<br />
fra i fiori più belli come incentivo finale al lettore, affinché accresca<br />
il numero degli appassionati del genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. ❁<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Prefazione / Foreword<br />
di/by Lino Di Martino<br />
4<br />
T his special issue of Cactus&Co is entirely devoted to <strong>Echinocereus</strong>,<br />
one of the most interesting and popular genera in<br />
the family Cactaceae, whose habitat spreads over much of Mexico<br />
and the West of the United States. Collectors and enthusiasts are<br />
much attracted by the beautiful showy flowers, the diverse vegetative<br />
habits and spination, and, why not, the challenge in persuading<br />
some species to flower in cultivation. We hope that the readers will<br />
find plenty of useful information and tips on the various aspects<br />
of cultivation in the contributions by Bill Beaston, Lino Di Martino<br />
and Leonardo Gavazzi.<br />
Another topic of great interest is the long and complex taxonomic<br />
history of the genus, which still deserves much attention, and above<br />
all thorough field-work, nothwistanding several important studies<br />
and contributions in recent times. This is true even for the U.S.<br />
taxa, and much more for those from Mexico, where new discoveries<br />
in almost unexplored areas are still possible, but research and fieldwork<br />
are hindered by the current restrictive rules (which makes all<br />
the more important to keep and develop reference collections, with<br />
precise data and control against unwanted hybridizations). We<br />
are therefore very pleased to present the <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Index<br />
compiled by Terry L. Corbett.<br />
A comprehensive list and an organized guide to the plethora of<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> names that have appeared in the literature in more<br />
than one and a half century, the Index is the outcome of years of<br />
work and patient research through the original publications. While<br />
addressing the readers to Terry Corbett's Introduction for detailed<br />
information and “instructions for use”, we wish nevertheless to<br />
point out, in order to avoid misunderstandings, that the Index<br />
does not stand by any particular taxonomic revision against any<br />
other.<br />
Thus – far from sharing the features of a “checklist”, distinguishing<br />
between taxa accepted as “good species”, taxa provisionally<br />
accepted, and taxa reduced to synonyms on purely taxonomic<br />
grounds – the Index arranges and lists all <strong>Echinocereus</strong> names<br />
according to validity and chronological priority, confining the<br />
listing of synonyms to the strictly nomenclatural ones, plus those<br />
names which by all evidence are interpreted as such by their authors.<br />
Pointers to, or comments on the probable taxonomic status of<br />
individual taxa according to commonly accepted interpretations<br />
appear in footnotes to names.<br />
Those readers who want to know more about the systematics of the<br />
genus, are referred to the books by Weniger (<strong>Cacti</strong> of the<br />
Southwest, 1970), Benson (<strong>Cacti</strong> of the United States and<br />
Canada, 1982) and Bravo-Hollis/Sanchez-Mejorada (Las Cactaceas<br />
de Mexico, Vol.II, 1991), and especially to the monograph<br />
by Nigel Taylor (The Genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>, 1985), and his<br />
further studies in Bradleya (1988,1989) and Piante Grasse<br />
(1993). Much awaited is also the revision by Blum, Lange, Rischer<br />
& Rutow, to be published soon.<br />
We have accompanied the publication of the Index with a rich<br />
iconography, aimed to help the readers in the identification of most<br />
taxa available in cultivation.<br />
While accepting full responsability for all mistakes and faults that<br />
might have eluded our efforts, we wish to thank all those who<br />
generously contributed their slides together with helpful suggestions,<br />
and in particular Bill Beaston, Duke & Kazuko Benadom,<br />
Leonardo Gavazzi, Bill LaHaye, Michael Lange, Woody Minnich,<br />
Martina & Andreas Ohr, Steve Plath.<br />
Finally, we offer two “temptations”: a gallery of peculiar and<br />
therefore sought after forms, with short descriptions and reports<br />
(for some of which we thank Bill Beaston and Duke Benadom),<br />
and a portfolio of stunning flower close-ups.<br />
We are confident that, looking at them, more and more enthusiasts<br />
will be persuaded to seriously cultivate this wonderful genus. ❁
Note sulla<br />
Coltivazione<br />
di L. Di Martino & L. Gavazzi<br />
Fotografie di L. Di Martino se non diversamente indicato<br />
A bbiamo<br />
preparato alcune note e suggerimenti sulla<br />
coltivazione degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fondati sull’esperienza<br />
pratica. Al di là delle finalità limitate, confidiamo che possano<br />
essere di qualche utilità per l’appassionato e, soprattutto,<br />
incoraggiare i principianti a iniziare una collezione<br />
di <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />
Terricci<br />
Q ualsiasi<br />
terriccio utilizzabile per le cactacee dovreb<br />
be essere adatto alla maggior parte degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />
Non esiste una ricetta infallibile o valida per tutti, ma occorre<br />
che il terriccio garantisca un buon drenaggio e una<br />
buona aerazione allo scopo di mantenere in salute l’apparato<br />
radicale e ridurre le possibilità di attacchi<br />
fungini. Per il resto molto dipende dal clima<br />
locale, dalle condizioni generali di coltivazione,<br />
dalla frequenza delle innaffiature ecc.<br />
Tuttavia l’uso di torba (o terricci con alta percentuale<br />
di materia organica) è avversato da<br />
molti, e dei due autori di questo articolo, il<br />
primo condivide tale opinione. È vero che i<br />
vivaisti spesso utilizzano terricci con alte percentuali<br />
di torba, sovente con risultati spettacolari.<br />
Spesso gonfiano le loro piante, hanno<br />
un’elevata movimentazione di piante e rinnovano<br />
frequentemente i terricci. Per gli amato-<br />
ri le cose vanno diversamente. Di fatto si ritiene<br />
che i terricci a base di materiale organico<br />
abbiano una durata limitata in vaso, circa 2 o<br />
3 anni, dopo di<br />
che degradano sotto<br />
l’azione di funghi<br />
e batteri perdendo<br />
la loro capacità<br />
drenante e di<br />
aerazione. Molti<br />
collezionisti ottengono<br />
brillanti risultati<br />
utilizzando<br />
terricci poveri o<br />
del tutto privi di<br />
materia organica. I<br />
fortunati che hanno<br />
accesso al terriccio<br />
originario<br />
del deserto (come<br />
nel sudovest americano) sembra che ottengano meraviglie.<br />
Il primo dei due autori, vivendo nell’Italia del nord,<br />
con un clima continentale, ha fatto anni fa una scelta radicale,<br />
optando per un terriccio puramente minerale composto<br />
in generale dal 60% di pomice e 40% di lava rossa,<br />
in alcuni casi 100% pomice. Ne è conseguita una riduzione<br />
delle perdite di piante a causa di funghi e sono state<br />
progressivamente eliminate le cocciniglie delle radici. Il<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leucanthus (coll. e foto L. Gavazzi).<br />
5<br />
by L. Di Martino & L. Gavazzi<br />
Photographs courtesy of L. Di Martino unless otherwise attributed<br />
We have assembled a few notes and tips on the cultivation of<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong>, stemming from practical experience. Despite<br />
their limited scope, we hope that they can be of some use to amateur<br />
growers, and possibly convince newcomers to start a serious <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
collection.<br />
Soil mixes<br />
Notes on<br />
Cultivation<br />
Any soil mix suitable for cacti in general should do well with<br />
most <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. There is no infallible or good for all<br />
recipe in this matter, except that the mix must allow good drainage<br />
and good aeration in order to maintain a healthy root system and<br />
to reduce the chance of fungal attacks. For the rest, it much depends<br />
on local climate, growing conditions, watering schedule etc.<br />
However, the use of<br />
peat (or soils with<br />
heavy organic matter<br />
content) is scorned by<br />
many, and the first<br />
author tends to agree<br />
with this view. It is<br />
true that big commercial<br />
growers often use<br />
mixes with heavy peat<br />
content, sometimes<br />
with spectacular results.<br />
They often pump<br />
up their plants, have<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> delaetii (coll. L. Gavazzi). fast turnovers, renew<br />
soil-mixes fairly often.<br />
A regime quite different<br />
from most amateur growers. In fact, it is reported<br />
that peat (and more generally organic) based soils<br />
have a limited life (max. 2-3 years) in pots, before<br />
they substantially degrade through the action of bacteria<br />
and fungi, losing drainage and aeration properties.<br />
Many collectors get best results by using potting<br />
mixes with very low, or even absent, organic<br />
content. For those who are lucky enough to get suitable<br />
material to concoct it (as in the American southwest)<br />
‘native’ desert soil seems to do wonders. The<br />
first author, living in northern Italy, with a continental<br />
climate, years ago chose a radical approach,<br />
going for a purely mineral mix, in most cases composed<br />
of 60% pumice, 40% red lava, in some cases<br />
100% pumice. This has resulted in minimization<br />
of plant losses by fungi, and progressive eradication<br />
of root-mealy bugs. Growth-rate is not spectacular, but steady<br />
enough, and roots are looking great, clean and evenly distributed.<br />
But beware: pumice is not all the same! Choose a clean, regularly<br />
sized (diameter 4-6 mm), white pumice, with no powder (if necessary,<br />
sieve it). Sicilian pumice is the best out of direct experience,<br />
with 110% water retention and 6.5/7 pH. And do not forget to<br />
fertilize regularly, as very little if any nutrients come from such a<br />
purely mineral soil! The second author, living in milder Tuscany,
itmo di crescita non è spettacolare, ma sufficientemente<br />
stabile, e le radici hanno un ottimo aspetto, sono pulite e<br />
ben distribuite. Ma attenzione: non tutta la pomice è uguale!<br />
Sceglietela pulita, con granulometria uniforme (4-6<br />
mm), bianca e senza polvere e, se è necessario, setacciatela.<br />
A nostro avviso quella siciliana<br />
è la migliore, con capacità di<br />
ritenzione idrica del 110% e<br />
pH 6,5-7. Non dimenticate di<br />
fertilizzare regolarmente, dato<br />
che un terriccio così composto<br />
contiene pochissimi elementi<br />
nutritivi.<br />
Il secondo autore, vivendo nella<br />
più mite Toscana, ha perfezionato<br />
nel corso degli anni il<br />
seguente terriccio che si è rivelato<br />
ottimo per le condizioni locali<br />
di coltivazione: almeno il<br />
50% di pomice, e il resto consistente<br />
di terriccio locale o di<br />
erica, torba, terra di foglie di<br />
faggio ben decomposta, lava e<br />
ghiaietto grossolano in parti<br />
uguali. Gli ingredienti chiave<br />
sono la pomice (la cui percentuale<br />
viene elevata al 60% per<br />
le specie “a rischio” con radici<br />
tuberose, come E. palmeri, E.<br />
knippelianus, E. pulchellus) e il<br />
terriccio di foglie di faggio (certamente in modica quantità,<br />
ma abbastanza da garantire un buon apporto di elementi<br />
nutritivi).<br />
Temperatura<br />
L<br />
a grande maggioranza degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> è molto<br />
resistente al freddo. Ciò è vero per la maggior parte<br />
delle specie originarie<br />
dei deserti<br />
di Chihuahua e<br />
Sonora e degli altipiani<br />
messicani,<br />
e ancor di più per<br />
quelle che vivono<br />
più a nord negli<br />
Stati Uniti. In<br />
particolare, le<br />
specie appartenenti<br />
ai gruppi<br />
triglochidiatus/<br />
coccineus e viridiflorus/chloranthus<br />
sono spesso coperte<br />
di neve e<br />
sopportano prolungati<br />
periodi di<br />
gelo in habitat.<br />
Similmente, le<br />
specie che appartengono<br />
ai gruppi<br />
engelmannii e<br />
stramineus, così<br />
come quelle a spine compatte nei gruppi reichenbachii e<br />
dasyacanthus/pectinatus, sono abbastanza resistenti al gelo<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> brandegeei (coll. e foto L. Gavazzi).<br />
6<br />
has developed over the years the following potting mix, which has<br />
proved to be optimal under his growing conditions: at least 50%<br />
pumice, and the rest consisting of equal parts of local fertile soil<br />
(or ‘heather soil’), peat, well-aged beech leaves, lava, and coarse<br />
gravel. The key ingredients being pumice (raised to 60% and<br />
more for those species having ‘risky’<br />
thick rootstock, such as E.<br />
palmeri, E. knippelianus, E.<br />
pulchellus), and beech leaves (admittedly<br />
a small amount, but<br />
enough to ensure a considerable<br />
contribution of nutrients).<br />
Temperature requirements<br />
T he<br />
vast majority of <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
are quite cold-resist-<br />
ant. This is true for most species<br />
from the Chihuahuan and<br />
Sonoran deserts and the Mexican<br />
highlands, and even more so for<br />
those living further north in the<br />
US. In particular, species in the triglochidiatus/coccineus,<br />
and<br />
viridiflorus/chloranthus complexes<br />
are often subject to snow covering<br />
and prolonged frosts in their<br />
habitats. Likewise, species belonging<br />
to the engelmannii and stramineus<br />
complexes, as well as the<br />
tightly spined ones in the reichenbachii and dasyacanthus/<br />
pectinatus groups, are quite frost-tolerant in their dry climate.<br />
Not so surprisingly, sparsely spined species like E. knippelianus,<br />
E. pulchellus, and their varieties, also do not suffer from spells<br />
below 0 °C. They are in fact “alpine” plants, living at high altitudes<br />
and sharing a geophytic habit. Thus all the above mentioned<br />
plants can be cultivated in unheated greenhouses, or even<br />
in the open ground,<br />
provided they are<br />
kept dry in a sunny<br />
and sheltered position<br />
during the cold<br />
winter months of<br />
continental Europe.<br />
They will not suffer<br />
from cold spells<br />
down to -5, -10 °C<br />
(even -20 °C and<br />
lower in the case of<br />
the northern species)<br />
as long as they<br />
are not plump with<br />
water, which is the<br />
case in their dormant<br />
season, when<br />
watering is withheld<br />
and the plants<br />
considerably shrink<br />
their stems.<br />
Notable exceptions<br />
to the above are the<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> from Baja California, such as E. brandegeei,<br />
E. ferreirianus, E. sciurus and the taxa from the islands: E.<br />
barthelowanus, E. grandis, E. websterianus (for some of which<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii, in habitat, Meling Ranch, BC Mx (foto M. & A. Ohr).
nel loro clima asciutto. Non patiscono escursioni termiche<br />
al di sotto dello zero anche specie con poche spine<br />
come E. knippelianus, E. pulchellus e loro varietà. Sono infatti<br />
specie “alpine”, che vivono a quote elevate con un<br />
portamento geofitico. Tutte le specie menzionate possono<br />
essere coltivate in serre senza riscaldamento o anche<br />
all’aperto, a condizione che vengano tenute in posizione<br />
riparata e soleggiata durante i<br />
freddi inverni dell’Europa continentale.<br />
Non soffrono minime<br />
di -5, -10 °C (anche -20 °C e oltre<br />
nel caso di specie che vivono<br />
più a nord) fintantoché il<br />
loro fusto sarà sgonfio, come accade<br />
appunto durante il riposo<br />
vegetativo quando le innaffiature<br />
sono sospese.<br />
Vi sono però delle notevoli eccezioni,<br />
costituite dagli <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
della Baja California,<br />
come E. brandegeei, E. ferreirianus,<br />
E. sciurus e i taxa delle isole:<br />
E. barthelowanus, E. grandis,<br />
E. websterianus (per alcuni dei<br />
quali anche le gelate occasionali<br />
possono risultare fatali) e le altre<br />
specie delle zone costiere e<br />
delle zone interne scarsamente<br />
elevate del Messico, come E.<br />
scopulorum, E. sciurus var. floresii,<br />
alcune forme del gruppo scheeri,<br />
E. spinigemmatus, E. subinermis e<br />
le sue varietà. Nel clima continentale<br />
europeo è necessario ricoverare<br />
queste piante in serre<br />
riscaldate, mantenendo la temperatura<br />
minima di alcuni gradi<br />
sopra lo zero.<br />
Gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coltivati in<br />
modo spartano come suggerito<br />
poc’anzi, possono mostrare<br />
un’attività vegetativa più breve<br />
di quelli trattati in modo più “dolce” in serra e con temperature<br />
minime più elevate, ma vi ricompenseranno con<br />
un aspetto più naturale e, cosa ancora più importante, con<br />
abbondanti fioriture. Questa almeno è l’esperienza di molti<br />
coltivatori, in particolare con quelle specie che hanno fama<br />
di fiorire poco in coltivazione (per es. E. stramineus, E. engelmannii<br />
e loro forme, e alcuni degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> “verdi”).<br />
Luce<br />
L<br />
a maggior parte degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> esige<br />
molta luce solare se si vuole che le piante mantengano<br />
un aspetto sano e naturale e sviluppino una bella spinagione.<br />
Ciò è ovviamente vero per le specie del deserto,<br />
con spine fitte o pettinate, ma vale anche per molte piante<br />
degli altipiani e per diverse specie “verdi” e con poche spine.<br />
D’altra parte alcuni taxa, per esempio E. vierecki var.<br />
morricalii praticamente senza spine, richiedono un po’ di<br />
ombra. E specialmente le piante del gruppo di E. scheeri<br />
beneficiano di una posizione semiombreggiata. Alcune di<br />
queste forme hanno fiori seminotturni che sono aperti di<br />
buon mattino, si chiudono qualche ora dopo e si riaprono<br />
nel tardo pomeriggio. Queste specie crescono bene an-<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus, Oro Grande,<br />
New Mexico, U.S.A. (foto W. S. LaHaye).<br />
7<br />
even an occasional frost can be fatal), and other species from the<br />
coastal regions and inner lowlands of Mexico, such as E. scopulorum,<br />
E. sciurus var. floresii, some forms in the scheeri group,<br />
E. spinigemmatus, E. subinermis and its varietal forms. In<br />
the climate of continental Europe, it is necessary to recover these<br />
plants in a heated greenhouse, keeping minimum temperatures a<br />
few degrees above 0 °C.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> grown ‘hard’ as<br />
suggested above, may have a somewhat<br />
shorter active growth season<br />
than those treated ‘softly’ in greenhouses<br />
at higher minimum temperatures,<br />
but will reward you<br />
with a “natural” appearance, and<br />
most of all with abundance of<br />
flowers. At least, this has been the<br />
experience of many growers, in<br />
particular with those species that<br />
are usually ill-famed for their reluctance<br />
to flower in cultivation<br />
(e.g., E. stramineus and E. engelmannii<br />
forms, and some of the<br />
‘green’ <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />
Light requirements<br />
Most <strong>Echinocereus</strong> require<br />
strong sunlight in order to<br />
get and maintain a healthy and<br />
‘natural’ habit, and develop beautiful<br />
spination. This is obviously<br />
true for the tightly spined or pectinate<br />
desert species, but it applies<br />
as well to many ‘highland plants’,<br />
and also to several ‘green’ and exposed-stem<br />
types. On the other<br />
hand, some taxa, e.g. the almost<br />
spineless forms of E. viereckii var.<br />
morricalii, may require some<br />
shading. And especially plants in<br />
the scheeri complex are quite<br />
happy in a half-shaded position.<br />
Some of these forms have semi-nocturnal<br />
flowers, which are open early morning, close a few hours<br />
later, and open again in late afternoon. They thrive even under<br />
greenhouse benches.<br />
Surprisingly as it may sound, light is even more important in<br />
winter than during the growing season. In fact, some shading is<br />
advisable for many species at the height of summer, especially during<br />
the “summer rest” weeks. On the contrary, it is the experience<br />
of many growers that the harsh “dry and cool” winter treatment, if<br />
combined with maximum light exposure enhances spring flower<br />
production. On the other hand, and all the more so if your winter<br />
quarters do not offer much light, only gradually expose your plants<br />
to strong early spring sunlight. Filters are advisable to prevent<br />
sunburn that would permanently spoil their appearance.<br />
Watering and feeding<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> should be regularly watered and fed during the<br />
active growing period, starting from early spring (end of March<br />
in continental Europe) and gradually coming to a stop by early<br />
autumn. They can be kept completely dry (except possibly for an<br />
occasional misting) throughout the dormancy period from November<br />
to March, provided they are allowed suitably cool winter temperatures.<br />
To play safe, one may add to the first watering in spring
che tenute sotto i bancali di una serra. Per quanto possa<br />
apparire sorprendente, la luce è ancora più importante in<br />
inverno che durante il periodo di vegetazione. In effetti<br />
per molte specie è opportuno un parziale ombreggiamento<br />
nei periodi più caldi, specialmente durante le settimane<br />
di “stasi” estiva. Al contrario molti coltivatori hanno<br />
verificato che condizione invernali di aridità e freddo combinate<br />
con un’ottima esposizione alla luce favoriscono la<br />
produzione di fiori in primavera. D’altra parte, e a maggior<br />
ragione se non siete in grado di offrire molta luminosità,<br />
occorre esporre gradualmente le piante alla forte radiazione<br />
solare primaverile che andrà preferibilmente filtrata<br />
in modo da evitare scottature che deturperebbero<br />
irrimediabilmente le piante.<br />
Acqua e fertilizzanti<br />
G li<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> devono essere innaffiati e fertilizzati<br />
con regolarità durante il periodo di vegetazione a<br />
partire dall’inizio della primavera (fine marzo in Europa<br />
continentale), riducendo le innaffiature fino a sospenderle<br />
all’inizio dell’autunno.<br />
Possono essere<br />
tenuti completamente<br />
asciutti (con la<br />
possibile eccezione di<br />
occasionali nebulizzazioni)<br />
per tutto il periodo<br />
di riposo da novembre<br />
a marzo, a<br />
condizione che svernino<br />
a temperature<br />
abbastanza basse. Per<br />
stare sul sicuro si può<br />
aggiungere all’acqua<br />
della prima innaffiatura<br />
primaverile un<br />
fungicida sistemico<br />
(per es. Benlate) per<br />
prevenire attacchi<br />
fungini. La frequenza<br />
delle innaffiature va<br />
regolata in base alle<br />
condizioni climatiche locali, seguendo la solita regola che<br />
il terriccio deve poter asciugare completamente fra un’innaffiatura<br />
e la successiva. Poca acqua raramente danneggia<br />
le piante, mentre un eccesso può essere fatale. Inoltre,<br />
come già detto, gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> di solito riducono l’attività<br />
vegetativa al culmine dell’estate, e quindi innaffiature e<br />
concimazioni vanno ridotte di conseguenza. Infine, un suggerimento<br />
per coltivare al meglio le specie che fioriscono<br />
per lo più in autunno alle nostre latitudini. Si tratta di taxa<br />
della Baja California (in particolare E. barthelowanus, E.<br />
brandegeei, E. maritimus e la sua varietà hancockii) che ricevono<br />
pioggia in quantità scarsa e irregolarmente in habitat,<br />
sovente nel tardo autunno e in inverno. Se il tempo lo<br />
consente, e in serra, è consigliabile erogare una maggior<br />
quantità d’acqua appena prima della fioritura. Questo trattamento<br />
non solo sembra incrementare la produzione di<br />
boccioli, ma aiuta anche la nuova crescita che è di solito<br />
precoce (in Toscana le nuove spine incominciano a formarsi<br />
alla fine di gennaio).<br />
Come regola generale, allo scopo di assicurare una crescita<br />
regolare, è meglio fertilizzare con regolarità (a ogni innaffiatura<br />
nel periodo di crescita) ma con dosi più basse<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus.<br />
8<br />
a systemic fungicide (e.g. Benlate) in order to prevent fungal attacks.<br />
Watering frequency has to be suited to local climate, obliging<br />
to the usual rules that soil has to be allowed to almost dry out<br />
before watering again, and underwatering rarely kills any plant,<br />
whilst excess of humidity is easily fatal. Furthermore, as already<br />
mentioned, <strong>Echinocereus</strong> generally enter a reduced growth period<br />
at the peak of summer, during which watering and feeding<br />
should be accordingly lowered. Finally, here is a tip in order to get<br />
the best from species that mostly flower in autumn or late autumn<br />
under our conditions. These are some taxa from Baja California<br />
(notably: E. barthelowanus, E. brandegeei, E. maritimus and<br />
its variety hancockii), receiving scarce and irregular rains in<br />
their habitats, often in late fall or winter. If weather allows, and<br />
under greenhouse conditions, it is advisable to give them some<br />
more water just before or during flowering time. This treatment<br />
not only seems to enhance blossoming, but also helps to “sustain”<br />
the new growth, which is usually very early (new spines are formed<br />
by the end of January, in the conditions of Tuscany).<br />
As a general rule, in order to ensure regular growth, it is best to<br />
fertilize steadily (say at each watering in the growing season) at<br />
reduced rates, compared<br />
with those generally<br />
suggested by producers.<br />
In spring, the<br />
authors make use of low<br />
nitrogen fertilizers enriched<br />
by trace elements<br />
(like Chempak 8 (NPK<br />
12.5-25-25) or Flory 4<br />
(from Planta GmbH,<br />
NPK 10-15-24), in order<br />
to enhance new<br />
growth with strong<br />
spination and generous<br />
blossoming. Later,<br />
when plants are in full<br />
growth, more balanced<br />
fertilizers like Vitafeed<br />
11 (NPK 19-19-19) or<br />
Floral (from Cifo, NPK<br />
20-20-20), also quite<br />
rich in micro-elements,<br />
are recommended. Rates are in all cases from 0.2 to 0.5 grams per<br />
litre.<br />
A final note: do not fertilize at first watering, as some time is<br />
required for the full development of the thin hair-like feeding roots,<br />
and gradually reduce fertilizing by the end of summer.<br />
Flowering<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> is a rather large and diverse genus in most<br />
respects, and this is also shown in flower production. Flower<br />
colours include white, several shades of pink, red, orange and<br />
yellow, as well as brownish or yellowish-green. Particularly eyecatching<br />
are bicolour and sometimes tricolour flowers (throat, middle<br />
and top of perianth-segments showing different colours, as in<br />
some forms of E. pectinatus and E. reichenbachii, and in E.<br />
chisoensis). Flower sizes also vary, from rather diminutive forms<br />
in the viridiflorus/chloranthus/russanthus groups, to largesized<br />
flowers in most species. Flowers can be sensationally large in<br />
some cases, with extremes such as E. hempelii, E. primolanatus,<br />
or E. stramineus (for the last species, flowers have been measured<br />
with a diameter of 17 cm!)<br />
Different groups flower in different seasons, so that in a fairly<br />
representative collection you will experience flowering peaks in
di quanto solitamente consigliato dai produttori. In primavera<br />
gli autori utilizzano fertilizzanti a basso contenuto<br />
di azoto, arricchiti con microelementi, come Chempak 8<br />
(NPK 12,5-25-25) o Flory 4 (di Planta GmbH, NPK 10-15-<br />
24) allo scopo di stimolare la nuova crescita con spinagione<br />
robusta e fioriture generose.<br />
Più tardi, quando le piante sono<br />
in piena attività, si consigliano<br />
fertilizzanti più bilanciati come<br />
Vitafeed 11 (NPK 19-19-19) o<br />
Floral (di Cifo, NPK 20-20-20),<br />
anch’essi ricchi di microelementi.<br />
Le dosi vanno in ogni caso da<br />
0,2 a 0,5 grammi per litro.<br />
Un’annotazione finale: è bene<br />
non fertilizzare alla prima innaffiatura,<br />
dato che la formazione<br />
delle radici assorbenti più sotti-<br />
li richiede un certo tempo, e gradualmente<br />
ridurre alla fine dell’estate.<br />
Fioritura<br />
I l<br />
genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong> è ampio e differenziato sotto molti<br />
aspetti, e ciò si constata anche nelle fioriture. Fra i<br />
colori che si incontrano vi sono il bianco, varie tonalità di<br />
rosa, il rosso,<br />
l’arancio, il giallo<br />
e anche verde bruno<br />
e verde giallo.<br />
Alcuni fiori bicolori<br />
o tricolori<br />
sono particolarmente<br />
attraenti<br />
(come in alcune<br />
forme di E. pectinatus<br />
ed E. reichenbachii,<br />
e in E. chisoensis<br />
i cui fiori presentano<br />
gola, segmento<br />
intermedio<br />
e apice del perianzio<br />
con colori diversi).<br />
Anche le dimensioni<br />
dei fiori<br />
variano, dai più<br />
minuti nei gruppi<br />
viridiflorus/chloranthus/russanthus,<br />
a<br />
fiori grandi nella<br />
maggior parte delle<br />
specie. In alcuni casi i fiori possono essere eccezionalmente<br />
grandi, come in E. hempelii, E. primolanatus o E. stramineus<br />
(del quale si sono misurati fiori con diametro di 17<br />
cm!).<br />
Vari gruppi fioriscono in periodi differenti, cosicché in una<br />
collezione sufficientemente rappresentativa si hanno picchi<br />
di fioriture in primavera e in giugno e luglio, ma con<br />
parecchie specie comunque in fiore dall’inizio della primavera<br />
all’inizio dell’autunno.<br />
Fra i primi a fiorire in primavera dalle nostre parti vi sono<br />
E. davisii (probabilmente il primo in assoluto, con fiori<br />
aperti già nelle prime settimante di febbraio) e quindi,<br />
per menzionarne solo alcuni, E. knippelianus e sue varietà,<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. gurneyi, HK 1064<br />
(foto W. S. LaHaye).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chisoensis.<br />
9<br />
spring and June/July, but will also find several plants in blossom<br />
from very early spring up to the onset of autumn. In our climate,<br />
among the earliest <strong>Echinocereus</strong> to set buds and flower in spring<br />
are species like E. davisii (probably the winner, with flowers already<br />
opening in the first weeks of February), and then, just to<br />
mention a few, E. knippelianus and<br />
its varieties, E. pamanesiorum, E.<br />
schereri, E. nicholii and its variety<br />
llanuraensis, E. boyce-thompsonii,<br />
E. chisoensis, E. papillosus,<br />
E. coccineus var. paucispinus, E.<br />
(Wilcoxia) poselgeri and E. (Wilcoxia)<br />
schmollii. These are followed<br />
soon by many other species in<br />
the engelmannii, pectinatus,<br />
caespitosus/reichenbachii, and<br />
scheeri/polyacanthus/triglochidiatus<br />
complexes. Other taxa,<br />
such as E. cinerascens, E. sciurus<br />
and its variety floresii, E. subinermis,<br />
E. viereckii (and many others)<br />
are typically late spring flowering.<br />
Baja California species such as E. ferreirianus, E. grandis and<br />
E. websterianus are usually in bloom in full summer, while E.<br />
brandegeei and E. barthelowanus follow from August up to<br />
September/October. Finally, in the case of E. maritimus and its<br />
var. hancockii,<br />
the blooming season<br />
(under lucky<br />
conditions) may<br />
stretch from midspring<br />
to late autumn!<br />
Most <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
will easily reward<br />
their grower<br />
with stunning<br />
flowers. However,<br />
as already noted<br />
above, there are<br />
species that appear<br />
to be difficult in<br />
cultivation, if one<br />
cannot provide<br />
general conditions<br />
mimicking as close<br />
as possible those<br />
encountered in<br />
habitat. The challenge<br />
involved in<br />
persuading reluctant<br />
species to blossom is certainly part of the fun for the serious<br />
hobbyist! Thus several desert species (e.g. those in the engelmannii<br />
complex) will require maximum bright sunlight in order to set<br />
flowers, and this will be more likely when they have developed to<br />
fairly large clumps. The same seems to apply to species in the stramineus<br />
and enneacanthus groups. Species from Baja California<br />
such as E. brandegeei, E. ferreirianus, E. barthelowanus,<br />
E. grandis and E. websterianus are ill-famed. But again,<br />
if properly cared for, and possibly after years of failure, a time<br />
eventually comes for long-awaited buds. The prize for unpredictability<br />
seems to belong to E. maritimus and its variety hancockii,<br />
for which you may wait a long time, and then have them in flower<br />
at unexpected and repeated times in a year.
E. pamanesiorum, E. scheeri, E. nicholii e la sua varietà<br />
llanuraensis, E. boyce-thompsonii, E. chisoensis, E. papillosus, E.<br />
coccineus var. paucispinus, E. poselgeri ed E. schmollii. A breve<br />
distanza seguono molte altre specie nei gruppi engelmannii,<br />
pectinatus, caespitosus/reichenbachii e scheeri/polyacanthus/<br />
triglochidiatus. Altri taxa, per esempio E. cinerascens, E. sciurus<br />
e la sua varietà floresii, E. subinermis, E. viereckii (e molti altri)<br />
fioriscono di norma in tarda primavera. Specie della<br />
Baja California come E. ferreirianus, E. grandis ed E.<br />
websterianus, fioriscono solitamente in piena estate, mentre<br />
E. brandegeei ed E. barthelowanus seguono in Agosto-Settembre<br />
e anche oltre. Infine, nel caso di E. maritimus e<br />
della sua varietà hancockii, la fioritura (in condizioni fortunate)<br />
puo’ estendersi dalla media primavera fino al tardo<br />
autunno!<br />
La maggior parte degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ricompensa facilmente<br />
chi li coltiva con fiori spettacolari. Vi sono tuttavia specie<br />
più difficili in coltivazione se non si riescono a riprodurre<br />
il più possibile le condizioni tipiche dell’habitat. D’altra<br />
parte, la sfida nel tentare di ottenere fioriture dalle<br />
specie più riluttanti fa parte del piacere intrinseco nell’hobby.<br />
Così alcune specie del deserto (per esempio quelle del<br />
gruppo engelmannii) richiedono la massima luce possibile<br />
per fiorire, il che di norma avviene quando hanno già raggiunto<br />
la forma di cespi ragguardevoli. Lo stesso si può<br />
dire delle specie nei gruppi stramineus ed enneacanthus.<br />
Quelle della Baja California come E. brandegeei, E. ferreirianus,<br />
E. barthelowanus, E. grandis ed E. websterianus hanno<br />
una pessima reputazione in questo senso. Ma, ancora una<br />
volta, se trattate opportunamente, e magari dopo anni di<br />
fallimenti, arriva il giorno che i tanto sospirati fiori appaiono.<br />
La palma dell’imprevedibilità spetta forse a E.<br />
maritimus e alla sua varietà hancockii per i quali si può attendere<br />
invano per anni e poi avere inaspettate e ripetute<br />
fioriture nel corso di un solo anno.<br />
Un’ulteriore annotazione: secondo molti coltivatori è consigliabile<br />
somministrare la prima innaffiatura solo quando<br />
i boccioli degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> che fioriscono in primavera<br />
sono ben sviluppati, pena il rischio che abortiscano. Ciò<br />
viene segnalato in particolare per i taxa dei gruppi engel-<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
10<br />
A further note: according to several growers, it would be advisable<br />
to postpone first watering until buds are well developed on the<br />
spring flowering <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. Untimely watering might cause<br />
bud abortion (this is reported, in particular, for the engelmannii<br />
and coccineus/triglochidiatus complexes).<br />
One final advice: unless pollination has occurred and you want<br />
the fruits to develop in order to collect seed, remove dead flowers<br />
from your plants, as they may turn into a source of infections<br />
(particularly if ventilation is scarce, or wet weather slows down<br />
the desiccation of flowers). Also take great care of fruits: cut them<br />
off once they are fully mature and before they start to rot!<br />
Containers<br />
C lay<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> grandis, Isla S. Esteban (coll. e foto L. Gavazzi).<br />
or plastic? A matter of weight, watering regimes, local<br />
climate, and aesthetics as well. Clay pots dry up much quicker<br />
than plastic pots, which can be an advantage against the risks of<br />
overwatering. On the other hand, this feature coupled with irregular<br />
or scarce watering may end up in root stress or uneven<br />
root distribution, as the roots tend to reach and “felter” the walls<br />
of the pot searching for water. Plastic pots generally require less<br />
frequent watering, and one has to be very careful to avoid excessive<br />
moisture retention (however this can be handled safely enough,<br />
especially if a mineral potting mix is used). Root distribution is<br />
generally even in plastic pots. Avoid low-quality plastic pots: they<br />
have poor durability and crack after a few seasons under strong<br />
summer sunlight. However, good quality thick polypropylene pots<br />
are available, which are almost indestructible. Not only do they<br />
withstand strong summer heat, but also boiling water. They can<br />
be sterilized and reused many times.<br />
Round or square? Round pots provide good outside air circulation.<br />
Square pots save a lot of space! And good ones with rimmed<br />
top edges allow sufficient air flow between them.<br />
While single pots, not oversized but reasonably deep, are suitable<br />
for most species, several <strong>Echinocereus</strong> develop into large clumps<br />
with time (in some cases up to one hundred stems or more!). A lot<br />
of space is required for these forms, and they will thrive when bedded<br />
out on greenhouse benches (or open ground, if climate allows).<br />
Otherwise, one has to look for very large and not too deep<br />
pots (and a friend when the time comes for repotting!). In particular,<br />
shallow large pots are recommended for those species which
mannii e coccineus/triglochidiatus. Un ultimo consiglio: a<br />
meno che i fiori non siano già impollinati e desideriate far<br />
sviluppare i frutti per raccogliere i semi, rimuovete i fiori<br />
appassiti dalle vostre piante, poiché potrebbero essere fonte<br />
di infezioni, soprattutto se la ventilazione è scarsa o l’umidità<br />
ambientale rallenta il disseccamento dei fiori. Fate<br />
anche attenzione ai frutti e rimuoveteli appena sono maturi<br />
e prima che inizino a marcire.<br />
Vasi<br />
V asi<br />
di coccio o di plastica? Per scegliere occorre considerare<br />
alcuni fattori come peso, tipo di innaffiature,<br />
clima ed estetica. I vasi di coccio asciugano molto più rapidamente<br />
di quelli in plastica, il che può rappresentare un<br />
vantaggio contro il rischio di innaffiature eccessive. D’altra<br />
parte, questa caratteristica, combinata con innaffiature<br />
irregolari o scarse, può portare a stress dell’apparato<br />
radicale e irregolare distribuzione delle radici, dato che<br />
queste tendono a dirigersi verso le pareti del vaso alla ricerca<br />
di acqua. I vasi di plastica in genere richiedono innaffiature<br />
meno frequenti e occorre fare molta attenzione<br />
per evitare ristagni. A ciò si può ovviare utilizzando un<br />
terriccio in prevalenza minerale. La distribuzione delle<br />
radici è di solito uniforme nei vasi di plastica. Evitate di<br />
usare vasi confezionati con plastica scadente che durano<br />
poco e dopo qualche anno si spaccano al sole. Esistono<br />
comunque vasi in robusto polipropilene che sono praticamente<br />
indistruttibili. Sono in grado di sopportare non solo<br />
il forte sole estivo, ma anche l’acqua bollente tanto da poter<br />
essere sterilizzati e usati di nuovo molte volte.<br />
Rotondi o quadrati? I vasi rotondi assicurano una buona<br />
circolazione dell’aria all’esterno. Quelli quadrati fanno risparmiare<br />
spazio<br />
e se hanno un<br />
orlo superiore<br />
l’aria circola comunque<br />
bene<br />
fra l’uno e l’altro.<br />
Vasi singoli non<br />
troppo grandi rispetto<br />
alla pianta,<br />
ma sufficientementecapienti,<br />
sono adatti<br />
alla maggior parte<br />
delle specie.<br />
Tuttavia alcuni<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> accestiscono<br />
col tempo,<br />
in alcuni casi<br />
sviluppando anche<br />
un centinaio<br />
di teste o più. Per<br />
questi taxa è necessario<br />
molto<br />
spazio ed essi<br />
prosperano<br />
quando vengono piantati direttamente sui bancali della<br />
serra o all’aperto se il clima lo consente. Altrimenti occorre<br />
orientarsi verso ciotole ampie e poco profonde (chiedendo<br />
eventualmente aiuto a qualche amico quando occorre<br />
rinvasare). Questo tipo di ciotole è consigliabile per<br />
le specie che formano gruppi di individui prostrati, come<br />
E. pentalophus, o quelle che sviluppano stoloni, e quindi<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Giovane piantina di/seedling of E. chloranthus var. neocapillus,<br />
stessa località/same loc. (foto G. Orbani).<br />
11<br />
form prostrate clumps, like E. pentalophus, or develop stolons<br />
(these include not only E. stoloniferus and its variety tayopensis,<br />
E. chloranthus var. neocapillus, S of Marathon,<br />
Brewster Co., Tx (foto G. Orbani).<br />
Pests and diseases<br />
but also, say, E. leonensis<br />
and E.<br />
berlandieri). The<br />
second author has<br />
seen specimens of E.<br />
leonensis, bedded<br />
out in benches, with<br />
stolons emitting new<br />
stems at a distance<br />
of 1/1.5 m from the<br />
original stem. If you<br />
have enough room,<br />
try it: root a single<br />
stem (circa 5 cm in<br />
diameter) in a shallow<br />
large container<br />
(35-40 cm wide). In<br />
2/3 years you may<br />
end up with the container<br />
full of new<br />
stems, emerging<br />
(and flowering)<br />
wherever they find<br />
enough room.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> are not particularly prone to animal pests compared<br />
with cacti in general. Key factors in pest control are<br />
proper growing conditions, regular inspections, and periodic preventive<br />
chemical treatment. By far the most common pests are mealy<br />
bugs, especially root mealy bugs. The latter are particularly obnox-
non solo E. stoloniferus e la sua varietà tayopensis, ma anche,<br />
per esempio, E. leonensis ed E. berlandieri. Il secondo autore<br />
ha visto esemplari di E. leonensis piantati in bancale emettere<br />
stoloni a una distanza di anche 1-1,5 metri dal fusto<br />
originario. Se avete la possibilità di farlo, provate a piantare<br />
un singolo fusto di circa 5 cm di diametro in una ciotola<br />
larga 35-40 cm. In 2-3 anni potreste trovarvi con la ciotola<br />
completamente piena di nuovi fusticini che spuntano (e fioriscono)<br />
ovunque trovaino spazio<br />
sufficiente.<br />
Parassiti e malattie<br />
G li<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong>, in confronto<br />
ad altre cactacee, non<br />
sono particolarmente attaccati<br />
dai parassiti. I fattori chiave<br />
sono comunque una coltivazione<br />
in condizioni ottimali, ispezioni<br />
regolari e trattamenti preventivi<br />
con prodotti chimici. I<br />
parassiti più comuni sono di<br />
gran lunga le cocciniglie, in particolare<br />
quelle delle radici che<br />
sono particolarmente fastidiose.<br />
La loro azione non solo indebolisce<br />
la pianta in modo<br />
considerevole, ma può essere<br />
anche fonte di ulteriori e a volte<br />
fatali infezioni fungine. Mentre<br />
la cocciniglia cotonosa che<br />
attacca i fusti è facilmente<br />
individuabile e talvolta eliminabile<br />
anche solo con etanolo diluito,<br />
quella delle radici può svilupparsi<br />
indisturbata prima che<br />
si decida di rinvasare la pianta.<br />
È quindi consigliabile giocare<br />
d’anticipo, per esempio somministrando<br />
una buona innaffiatura<br />
con insetticida all’inizio e<br />
alla fine della stagione di crescita.<br />
Ottimi risultati si ottengono<br />
con prodotti a base di<br />
dimetoato (per es. Rogor e Perfektion) che hanno azione<br />
sia sistemica che di contatto, e altri prodotti a base di componenti<br />
fosfo-organiche, come Reldan 22 (cloropirifosmetile)<br />
o Basudin (diazinone). Anche prodotti di nuova<br />
generazione ad ampio spettro, a base di imidacloprid<br />
(come Confidor, della Bayer), sembrano essere molto efficaci<br />
e hanno il vantaggio di una bassa tossicità.<br />
Il ragnetto rosso è relativamente raro sugli <strong>Echinocereus</strong>,<br />
ma quando si insedia è difficile da eliminare. Mentre per<br />
controllare infestazioni medio-basse è sufficiente<br />
nebulizzare acqua con regolarità, un’infestazione di grosse<br />
proporzioni si può eliminare solo mediante regolari e<br />
ripetute somministrazioni di insetticidi appropriati. I più<br />
efficaci sono quelli che combattono il parassita in tutte le<br />
sue fasi di sviluppo, dalle uova alle larve all’insetto adulto,<br />
per esempio Tedane, che combina due principi attivi,<br />
Tetradifon e Dicofol.<br />
Purtroppo i parassiti vengono sovente introdotti in una<br />
collezione dalle nuove piante acquistate. Occorre pertanto<br />
controllarle accuratamente, metterle in quarantena e,<br />
meglio ancora, svasarle esaminando le radici e rinvasarle<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
12<br />
ious. Their sucking action not only considerably weakens the plants,<br />
but often is the vehicle of secondary and eventually fatal fungine<br />
infections.<br />
While waxy mealy bugs on the stems are easily spotted, and applications<br />
of diluted ethanol may be enough to get rid of them, a<br />
heavy infestation of tiny root mealy bugs may have already set in<br />
before one decides to unpot the plant, discovering their chalky<br />
white chunks attached to the rootstock. It is therefore advisable to<br />
act in advance, e.g. giving a good<br />
soak of insecticide both at the beginning<br />
and the end of the growing<br />
season. Very good results can<br />
be obtained with products based<br />
on dimethoate (e.g. Rogor, Perfektion),<br />
which have both a systemic<br />
and contact action, and other<br />
products based on phospho-organic<br />
compounds, such as Reldan<br />
22 (chloropiriphos-methile) or Basudin<br />
(diazinone). Wide spectrum,<br />
new generation products<br />
based on imidacloprid (such as<br />
Confidor, distributed by Bayer)<br />
also seem to be very effective, and<br />
have the advantage of low toxicity.<br />
Red spider mites are relatively rare<br />
in <strong>Echinocereus</strong> collections, but<br />
once established are rather difficult<br />
to eliminate. Whilst regular<br />
sprayings of water may help to<br />
control a mild infestation, a heavy<br />
one can only be eradicated by a<br />
repeated use of a good miticide.<br />
The most effective products are<br />
those affecting all life stages of the<br />
pest, from eggs and larvae to adult<br />
mites (such as Tedane, combining<br />
the active ingredients Tetradifon<br />
and Dicofol).<br />
E. pectinatus, Nuevo Leon, Mx (foto G. Orbani).<br />
Unfortunately, pests are often introduced<br />
in a healthy collection<br />
through newly acquired plants. It<br />
is necessary to carefully check all new accessions. Put them in<br />
quarantine. Even better, unpot them, examine the root-ball, soak<br />
them into a solution of broad spectrum insecticide, then repot<br />
using your favourite mix.<br />
Fungine attacks mostly (but not always!) occur under wet and<br />
cold conditions, particularly as a consequence of untimely or excessive<br />
watering. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> with thick rootstock are generally<br />
more sensitive to overwatering, and therefore require some<br />
more attention.<br />
As already mentioned above, a general preventive protection<br />
of the collection using a good systemic fungicide, e.g. Benlate,<br />
may be advisable at first watering in spring. Note however<br />
that it will only cover part of the potentially present pathogens,<br />
and it may have the effect of reducing growth for some<br />
time.<br />
Once infection has set in, one can still try to use a fungicide<br />
(and a specific one if the pathogen is known). Unfortunately,<br />
it doesn’t always work, and rot can invade a whole plant at<br />
an impressive speed. Moreover, fungine infections may spread<br />
very quickly over the collection. Therefore, immediately isolate<br />
affected plants, and act quickly. ❁
solo dopo averle messe a bagno in un buon insetticida ad<br />
ampio spettro. Gli attacchi fungini si verificano per lo più,<br />
ma non solo, in condizioni ambientali di umido e freddo,<br />
particolarmente in conseguenza di innaffiature eccessive<br />
o intempestive. Gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> con radici tuberose sono di<br />
solito più sensibili all’eccesso di umidità e richiedono quindi<br />
molta più attenzione. Come già detto, un’azione preventiva<br />
con un fungicida sistemico, per esempio Benlate, è consigliabile<br />
all’inizio della primavera. Si noti comunque che la<br />
sua azione non copre l’intero spettro dei possibili agenti<br />
patogeni e può avere l’effetto collaterale di ritardare o ridurre<br />
la crescita per qualche tempo. Una volta che l’infezione<br />
si è sviluppata, si può tentare di usare un fungicida (specifico<br />
se si conosce l’agente patogeno). Sfortunatamente ciò<br />
non è sempre sufficiente e il marciume può invadere l’intera<br />
pianta in brevissimo tempo. Inoltre, le infezioni fungine<br />
possono propagarsi molto rapidamente ad altre piante: perciò<br />
isolate subito le piante ammalate! ❁<br />
Dal seme<br />
al successo in poco tempo<br />
di Bill R. Beaston<br />
Fotografie dell’autore<br />
L<br />
a prima cosa da sapere è come far germinare le cactacee<br />
in genere, dato che i semi di <strong>Echinocereus</strong> non richiedono<br />
trattamenti particolari come, per esempio, quelli<br />
di Pediocactus, Opuntia e qualche altro genere. La procedura<br />
non è diversa da quella adottata per le piante più frequenti<br />
in collezione, come Echinopsis o Notocactus, ma anche<br />
Ariocarpus e Turbinicarpus.<br />
Dove trovare i semi<br />
E. dayacanthus, SB 732,<br />
Pecos Co., Tx.<br />
S<br />
e volete creare una collezione seria di <strong>Echinocereus</strong>, cercate<br />
di procurarvi i semi o le piante da fornitori con<br />
una buona reputazione, con numeri di raccolta per cia-<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
13<br />
From seed<br />
to success in less than a lifetime<br />
A good<br />
by Bill R. Beaston<br />
Photographs courtesy of the author<br />
thing to know is how to grow cacti from seed. Consider<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> species to be typical cacti, and not plants<br />
which may need specialized seed treatment, such as those in the<br />
genera Pediocactus, Opuntia, and one or two others. For the<br />
most part, “typical cacti”, are those in the genera Echinopsis,<br />
Notocactus, and most plants found in the average collection,<br />
including the so-called “Living Rock” cacti, such as Ariocarpus<br />
and Turbinicarpus.<br />
Sources<br />
In order to build a serious <strong>Echinocereus</strong> collection, try to obtain<br />
seeds or plants from a reputable source, if possible with<br />
field collection numbers for each form. Generic seed is often mixed<br />
with other seeds, or is of hybrid origin. It is now more important<br />
than ever before to achieve and maintain a reference collection<br />
which is pure, as field collected material is no longer available for<br />
many species of <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />
Soil<br />
E. scheeri var. koehresianus,<br />
Lau 1143.<br />
Find a good reference book on growing cacti from seed, and the<br />
type of soil components needed. There are many variations on<br />
methods, depending on which source you refer to. I have never<br />
really tried the exotic methods, such as sowing the seed in a clear<br />
container, like a plastic bag or large glass jar, previously filled<br />
with sterilized sphagnum moss (that is, free of weed seed, and<br />
harmful fungi). This medium has to be wet, and then the bag or<br />
jar is sealed and placed under lights. I recommend basic methods,<br />
such as using individual plastic pots which will be set into a water<br />
retaining tray.
scuna specie. I semi privi di tali indicazioni provengono<br />
da più piante mescolate o sono addirittura ibridi. Oggi<br />
avere una collezione documentata è molto più importante<br />
di un tempo, dato che la maggior parte delle specie<br />
non può più essere raccolta in habitat.<br />
Terriccio<br />
P rocuratevi<br />
innanzitutto un buon testo su come coltivare<br />
le cactacee da seme e quali tipi di terriccio utiliz-<br />
zare. Ci sono molte variazioni sul metodo, a seconda degli<br />
autori. Personalmente non ho mai sperimentato metodi fantasiosi,<br />
come mettere i semi in un contenitore trasparente o<br />
in sacchetti di plastica<br />
preventivamente riempiti<br />
di sfagno sterile,<br />
vale a dire privo di semi<br />
di infestanti e spore di<br />
funghi. Questo materiale<br />
deve essere usato<br />
umido e quindi il sacchetto<br />
deve essere sigillato<br />
e collocato sotto<br />
una sorgente di luce.<br />
Consiglio metodi più<br />
tradizionali, come uti-<br />
lizzare vasetti di plastica<br />
e un vassoio in cui disporli<br />
immersi in acqua.<br />
Io utilizzo due<br />
componenti per il terriccio, al 50%. Il primo è terriccio di<br />
foglie setacciato. Si tratta del risultato della decomposizione<br />
di foglie. Nella zona dove abito, nel nordovest degli Stati<br />
Uniti, sul Pacifico, ci sono un paio di possibilità: terriccio di<br />
conifere e terriccio di alberi a foglia larga, come l’acero. Attenzione:<br />
alcune specie contengono componenti organiche<br />
dannose che inibiscono la germinazione dei semi, come nel<br />
caso delle querce. Indipendentemente dal fatto che si utilizzi<br />
o meno terriccio di foglie setacciato, o terra di giardino<br />
setacciata, è sempre importante verificare l’assenza di sostanze<br />
organiche come pezzetti di legno o erba. Nella mia zona<br />
questo tipo di terriccio ha il giusto pH, che per quasi tutte le<br />
cactacee deve avere un valore intorno a 6-7. Il secondo componente<br />
deve essere un buon drenante, come granito grossolano<br />
o sabbia basaltica, con una granulometria di circa 5-6<br />
mm. Non usate sabbia silicea dato che spesso viene raccolta<br />
in zone marine e contiene sale. Evitate anche la sabbia molto<br />
fine di qualsiasi tipo perché compatta troppo il terriccio.<br />
Nella mia zona abbiamo la fortuna di poter trovare la pomice,<br />
materiale poroso di origine vulcanica. Alcuni utilizzano<br />
sostanze artificiali come perlite o addirittura mattoni sbriciolati.<br />
L’obiettivo principale nel preparare un buon terriccio per<br />
le semine è di avere un composto che non indurisca quando<br />
asciuga e sia molto permeabile all’acqua, dato che le<br />
innaffiature vanno fatte dal basso, vale a dire facendo in<br />
modo che l’acqua venga assorbita dal foro di scolo del vaso.<br />
Il foro può essere coperto dall’interno del vaso con un<br />
pezzetto di rete di plastica. Innaffiare dall’alto, o anche<br />
nebulizzare, può danneggiare i delicati semenzali o distruggere<br />
le fragili radici.<br />
Cure iniziali<br />
C i<br />
Semenzale innestato di 30 mesi di/<br />
a 30 months old grafted seedling of<br />
E. knippelianus var. kruegeri.<br />
si preoccupa molto circa il metodo più efficace<br />
per sterilizzare il terriccio. Quando ritengo che<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
14<br />
I use two soil components, in equal parts. The first one is sifted<br />
leafmold, which is a soil that is developed from decomposing tree<br />
leaves. In my area, the Pacific northwest of the U.S., there are a<br />
couple of choices: soil from conifers, and soil from broad leaf species<br />
such as maples. Beware: some species have harmful organic<br />
compounds in them, which inhibit seed germination (this includes<br />
some of the oak species). Regardless of whether or not one uses<br />
sifted leafmold, or sifted garden soil, it should be free of organic<br />
material such as bits of wood, or even pieces of grass. In my area,<br />
this mix has the right pH range, which is between 6 and 7 for<br />
nearly all genera of cacti. The second component is a good spacer,<br />
such as coarse granite or basaltic sand, with the average size being<br />
around 1/4 inch in diameter. Do not use silica sand, because this<br />
is often collected from a sea shore and contains salt. Avoid much<br />
fine sand of any kind, because it makes the soil mix too compact.<br />
In my area, we are fortunate in having access to pumice, which is<br />
crushed lava foam of volcanic origin. Some use artificial substances<br />
such as perlite, or even crushed masonry.<br />
The goal in making a good seed mix is to have a compound that<br />
does not become hard when it dries out, and is highly permeable to<br />
water flow, because watering has to be done from the bottom up,<br />
that is, the hole in the bottom of the pot allows water to seep upwards<br />
in the pot. That hole in the pot can be covered from the<br />
inside with a piece of some kind of inert fabric, or plastic screen.<br />
The soil mix is placed in the pot on top of the screening. Overhead<br />
watering of delicate cacti seedlings can damage or destroy the fragile<br />
root system, even light misting may have this effect.<br />
Early care<br />
A lot<br />
of concern goes into methods for sterilizing the soil mix. I<br />
use two ways to do this, if I decide I want to. The first is to<br />
put the soil mix in a glass or aluminium pan, and then put it in<br />
a conventional oven, heated to 200 F. The pan must not be too<br />
deep, only about 2 inches, and let it heat for about 1 hour. The<br />
second method is to place the soil in a glass tray, and put it in a<br />
microwave oven for about 30 minutes, total, on high heat. I rotate<br />
the tray every 10 minutes. Here again, the soil in the tray must<br />
not be too deep, or it will not heat up enough to kill weed seeds and<br />
fungal spores. However, I often do not sterilize the soil mix. I have<br />
found that with a bit of attention, I can remove any stray weed<br />
seedlings as soon as they sprout.<br />
My experience has been that about the only advantage to sterilizing<br />
a soil mix, is to kill weed seeds. It is nearly impossible to keep<br />
the mix sterile after the first two days, with temperatures around<br />
70 °F and under lights. If you choose to plant the seeds in the<br />
spring, or early summer, then you can let the natural cycle of day<br />
and night stimulate germination. I do both methods, and find no<br />
particular advantage with either of them. In the Pacific NorthWest<br />
of the U.S. where I live, the long, dark and damp days of the late<br />
fall and winter can be brightened up with an area of the house set<br />
aside with fluorescent lights permanently on, suspended about 6<br />
to 8 inches above the seed mix. The seeds are sown directly on top<br />
of the mix, and only misted to settle them into the soil. After this,<br />
water from below only.<br />
I used to cover the seed trays with a clear plastic for the first few days,<br />
but found that the control of the inevitable moulds, slime moulds<br />
and mosses is more difficult. The seeds of “typical” cacti will germinate<br />
anytime after 72 hours, and sometimes sooner with some species.<br />
It can take 14 or more days for others. It is not uncommon to
sia necessario, utilizzo due metodi. Il primo consiste<br />
nel mettere il terriccio in un recipiente di<br />
vetro o di alluminio e cuocerlo in forno a 80-90<br />
gradi. Il contenitore non deve essere troppo profondo,<br />
all’incirca 5 cm, e occorre lasciarlo in forno<br />
per circa un’ora. Il secondo sistema consiste<br />
nel riporre il terriccio su un vassoio di vetro e<br />
metterlo in un forno a microonde alla massima<br />
temperatura per 30 minuti. Il vassoio va ruotato<br />
ogni 10 minuti. Anche in questo caso lo spessore<br />
del terriccio non deve essere eccessivo o il calore<br />
non riuscirà a raggiungere gli strati più bassi e a<br />
distruggere i semi di infestanti e le spore di funghi.<br />
Spesso, comunque, io non sterilizzo affatto<br />
e mi limito a rimuovere le erbe infestanti man<br />
mano che spuntano.<br />
L’esperienza mi ha insegnato che l’unico vantaggio<br />
della sterilizzazione è di distruggere le erbe<br />
infestanti. Infatti è praticamente impossibile avere<br />
un terriccio effettivamente sterile già dopo un<br />
paio di giorni, a circa 22 °C e sotto la luce. Se<br />
decidete di seminare in primavera o all’inizio dell’estate,<br />
il naturale ciclo giorno-notte provvederà<br />
a stimolare la germinazione dei semi. Io utilizzo entrambi<br />
i metodi senza trovare particolari vantaggi in uno dei<br />
due. Nella zona dove risiedo le lunghe giornate del tardo<br />
autunno o dell’inverno sono spesso scure e umide e i<br />
vassoietti con le semine possono essere tenuti in casa e<br />
illuminati con lampade fluorescenti permanentemente<br />
accese e poste a circa 15-20 cm dalla superficie del terriccio.<br />
I semi vengono distribuiti direttamente sulla superficie<br />
del terriccio e appena nebulizzati per farli aderire. In<br />
seguito vanno bagnati solo dal basso.<br />
Ero solito coprire i vassoietti con plastica trasparente per i<br />
primi giorni, ma mi sono reso conto che era difficile tenere<br />
sotto controllo l’inevitabile proliferare di muschi e<br />
muffe. I semi di cactacee in genere germinano a partire<br />
da 72 ore dopo la semina, ma nel caso di alcune specie<br />
anche prima, mentre altre richiedono 14 o più giorni. Non<br />
è raro veder germinare una piantina dopo diversi mesi dalla<br />
prima, a volte fino a due anni dopo. Ero solito trattare i<br />
giovanissimi semenzali con sporadiche nebulizzazioni di<br />
Chinosol molto diluito, ma non ho riscontrato particolari<br />
benefici. Un anno ho trattato i semi in Chinosol in polvere<br />
e ho ottenuto percentuali di germinazione molto basse<br />
in tutte le vaschette. Penso che il Chinosol abbia ritardato<br />
la germinazione causando la perdita dei semi per marciume<br />
nel terriccio umido. Ho notato che i semenzali prosperano<br />
insieme alle muffe per le prime 3 settimane, poi<br />
per controllare il problema lascio asciugare il terriccio per<br />
2-4 giorni prima di bagnare nuovamente. Questo sistema<br />
arresta la crescita delle muffe e contribuisce a rinforzare i<br />
semenzali. A volte l’inesperienza porta a reagire eccessivamente<br />
alla vista delle alghe e delle muffe che circondano i<br />
semenzali. Il sistema descritto poc’anzi mi sembra il più<br />
efficace per tenere sotto controllo muffe e funghi. Dopo il<br />
primo mese incomincia a crescere il muschio, e ciò sembra<br />
stimolare i semenzali di <strong>Echinocereus</strong> che si trovano inseriti<br />
in un micro-habitat nel quale lo sviluppo di muffe e<br />
funghi è inibito. Se i giovani semenzali incominciano a<br />
rammollirsi, occorre togliere il vasetto dal vassoio e farlo<br />
asciugare il più in fretta possibile. In molti casi ciò riduce<br />
le perdite. Altrimenti bisogna ricorrere a un fungicida appropriato.<br />
Questo è il momento in cui uso Chinosol molto<br />
diluito e nebulizzato, oppure spargo del Captan in polvere.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Semenzali innestati di (da sinistra<br />
a destra)/grafted seedlings of (left to<br />
right): E. coccineus, E. barthelowanus,<br />
E. engelmannii.<br />
15<br />
find a newly germinated seedling<br />
months after the first ones began to<br />
grow, or even up to 2 years later. I used<br />
to treat the developing seed mix with<br />
an occasional misting of very diluted<br />
Chinosol, but found this to be of no<br />
particular advantage. One year I<br />
dusted the seeds in powdered Chinosol,<br />
and had very little germination in all<br />
seed trays. I suspect Chinosol caused<br />
the seeds to delay germination, until<br />
they rotted in the warm damp seed mix.<br />
I have found that cacti seedlings will<br />
thrive along with the covering of<br />
moulds and slime for the first 3 weeks.<br />
Later, in order to control this problem,<br />
I let the seed mix dry out for 2 to 4<br />
days before watering again. This stops<br />
the moulds, and allows the seedlings<br />
to harden. Often, inexperience will<br />
cause one to over-react at the revolting<br />
sight of a seed mix that has bloomed<br />
with a covering of moulds and slime<br />
moulds. The repeated watering and drying out method is my favorite<br />
way to manage fungi and moulds. After the first month, mosses<br />
begin to grow, and I have found that this actually enhances the<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> seedlings, by providing a micro habitat surrounding<br />
the seedlings, and also stops further growth of fungi and moulds.<br />
If newly germinated seedlings begin to dampen off, remove the pot<br />
from the tray and allow it to dry out as quickly as possible. This<br />
will stop the losses in most instances. If not, then get a fungicide to<br />
use (which should be listed in the same book where you got the<br />
information on growing from seed, and soil mixes). This is the<br />
time when I use a very diluted misting of Chinosol, or a dusting<br />
with powdered Captan.<br />
Speeding up by grafting<br />
W hen<br />
the warm days of spring begin, it is necessary to get<br />
ready to really see how fast a collection can be grown from<br />
seed. To do this, rapid growing grafting stock is needed. This is<br />
done by rooting cuttings of the form or forms chosen. I prefer<br />
Pereskiopsis velutina above all else, in 10 to 12 inch lengths,<br />
and will use Eriocereus jusbertii as a second choice, because<br />
both of these forms do very well in my area, in the greenhouse. (In<br />
my climate, greenhouse cultivation is necessary.) There are many<br />
choices in fast growing grafting stocks, and some do better in different<br />
areas of the world, due to different heat and light tolerances.<br />
The forms I prefer, are planted in a very rich, organic compost,<br />
and watered frequently, that is, never let the soil mix dry out<br />
for more than a few days. The mix I use for the grafting stocks is<br />
the original mix for the seedlings, but is now blended 1/3 with<br />
aged, or composted, steer manure. After the grafting stock cuttings<br />
begin to root and start to grow, they are now ready for the most<br />
important phase in developing a mature collection. Pereskiopsis<br />
velutina will begin to sprout several branches: choose one near the<br />
top and remove all others below. If the main stem has leaves, these<br />
can be left on the stem. The stem diameter on Pereskiopsis should<br />
be no greater than 1/4 inch, which is near the tip, and about 1<br />
inch down. To go much lower will get into a hardened growth<br />
which will often not unite in a graft with a very small seedling.<br />
Grafting techniques<br />
If you are unfamiliar with seedling grafting, it will be necessary<br />
to look up some literature on this subject, and the tools needed.
L’innesto<br />
Q<br />
uando arrivano i primi caldi primaverili è il momento<br />
di verificare in quanto tempo si può far crescere<br />
velocemente una collezione da seme. Occorre in primo<br />
luogo scegliere dei portainnesto a crescita rapida e quindi<br />
far radicare delle talee del tipo prescelto. Fra tutti preferisco<br />
Pereskiopsis velutina in talee da 20-25 cm di altezza, con<br />
Eriocereus jusbertii come seconda scelta, in quanto entrambi<br />
crescono bene in serra dalle mie parti. Ci sono comunque<br />
molte possibilità di scelta a seconda delle condizioni<br />
climatiche delle varie parti del mondo. Pianto le talee in<br />
un composto molto ricco di sostanze organiche e innaffio<br />
frequentemente, cioè non lascio mai il terriccio asciutto<br />
per più di qualche giorno. Uso lo stesso terriccio che impiego<br />
per i semenzali, ma con l’aggiunta di 1/3 di stallatico<br />
molto vecchio. Quando le talee sono radicate e incominciano<br />
a crescere, giunge il momento più importante.<br />
Pereskiopsis velutina incomincerà a emettere rami: sceglietene<br />
uno verso la cima ed eliminate gli altri al di sotto. Se<br />
ci sono foglie, possono essere lasciate. Il diametro del portainnesto<br />
non dovrà essere superiore a mezzo centimetro,<br />
il che si otterrà tagliando a non più di 2 cm dall’apice. Più<br />
in basso si incontrano tessuti troppo legnosi che difficilmente<br />
si salderebbero all’innesto.<br />
La tecnica<br />
S e<br />
non avete pratica di innesto con semenzali, occorre<br />
dare un’occhiata a un buon libro sull’argomento che<br />
vi indicherà anche l’attrezzatura necessaria. Vi sono moltissimi<br />
libri che affrontano la questione, e anche diversi<br />
articoli su riviste del settore. Potrete così apprendere come<br />
occorra essere rapidi, puliti e avere mano ferma nel maneggiare<br />
un’affilata lametta da barba. I semenzali molto<br />
giovani, da 2-3 giorni a un paio di mesi di età, possono<br />
essere innestati su talee vigorose e in vegetazione di<br />
Pereskiopsis velutina senza l’impiego di pesi per tenere in<br />
posizione l’innesto. I fluidi del portainnesto hanno la capacità<br />
di trattenere in posizione il piccolo semenzale. I testi<br />
meno recenti vi diranno che l’impiego di pesi è inutile<br />
con semenzali innestati su qualsiasi portainnesto purché<br />
in vegetazione. Semenzali più vecchi avranno bisogno invece<br />
di un lieve peso sull’apice per mantenere il contatto<br />
fra le superfici delle due parti. Si tratta di solito di semenzali<br />
con un diametro già di mezzo centimetro<br />
o più. In questo caso usate Eriocereus<br />
jusbertii o qualsiasi altro portainnesto.<br />
Pereskiopsis velutina può reggere lievi pesi se<br />
non è troppo esile. Io uso fino a 4 fili, ciascuno<br />
con due bulloni o altri pesi attaccati alle<br />
estremità e li appoggio sulla cima dell’innesto.<br />
Il peso di ciascuno è di 1-2 grammi.<br />
La cosa più importante da sapere sulla tecnica<br />
dell’innesto è come individuare il punto<br />
dove le due piante devono entrare in contatto.<br />
Si tratta del bordo dei fasci vascolari di<br />
entrambe le piante, riconoscibile in quanto<br />
è un’area tonda al centro del fusto. Spesso le<br />
due aree non hanno lo stesso diametro e in<br />
tal caso è sufficiente che i due cerchi si intersechino.<br />
Non devono essere concentrici! Basta<br />
posizionare l’innesto leggermente sfasato<br />
rispetto al centro del portainnesto. I fasci vascolari dell’innesto<br />
sono così piccoli da essere poco più di un punto.<br />
Fate del vostro meglio per far combaciare questo punto<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
16<br />
There is a plethora of information in most of the popular <strong>Cacti</strong><br />
Books, and in the various Cactus and Succulent journals from<br />
recent history. This literature will tell you how clean, fast, and<br />
steady of hand you must be, while using very sharp razor blades.<br />
Very young seedlings, from two or three days of age to a couple of<br />
months, can be grafted on vigorously growing Pereskiopsis<br />
velutina, without the use of any weights on the top of the seedling.<br />
The best guess is that the fluid of the vigorously growing grafting<br />
stock has a static capacity. Most older literature on seedling grafting<br />
will tell you that no weight is needed on any grafting stock if<br />
the seedling is very small, and the stock is in vigorous growth.<br />
Older seedlings will need light weight on top, to hold the contacting<br />
surfaces in place. These are usually seedlings that are about<br />
1/4 inch in diameter, or larger. For these, use Eriocereus jusbertii,<br />
or whatever stock you have selected. Pereskiopsis velutina can<br />
be used with light weights only if it is not too slender. As weight, I<br />
use a string with a small bolt or other metal object tied to both<br />
ends, and suspend it over the top to the graft. This has a weight of<br />
about 1 or 2 grams. Often I use up to 4 of these strings.<br />
The most important thing to know about grafting is where the<br />
point of contact is made between the plant to be grafted and the<br />
stock. This is the edge of the vascular bundle of both plants. The<br />
vascular bundle is a round area at the very center of the stem, and<br />
often they do not match in size. When this happens, it is only<br />
necessary for the edge of the vascular bundle of both plants to<br />
make contact, not the center! Simply place the graft slightly offset<br />
to the center of the grafting stock, and this should work. You will<br />
note that the vascular bundle of the seedling is only a very small<br />
spot. Make your best effort to align this dot with the edge of the<br />
much larger outer ring on the vascular bundle of the grafting<br />
stock. Do not expect your first attempts at grafting to work, but if<br />
you are determined, you will become successful, even if you only<br />
have a book to show you how. Make your first experiments on a<br />
species that is not rare, and of which you have plenty of backup<br />
seedlings.<br />
Another very important thing to know about grafting is that it<br />
must be done quickly. And above and beyond all, it is crucial to<br />
use clean blades. My preference in the first step is to set up a working<br />
area, and this should be well lighted. Place a cloth or paper on<br />
a table top, and set the potted grafting stock in the center. Place a<br />
clean paper towel off to the side, and lay the well washed razor<br />
blades, of which there should be at least two, on the towel. Soak a<br />
tissue in isopropylic<br />
alcool, and drench the<br />
entire surfaces of the<br />
razor blades with it,<br />
letting them dry while<br />
you uproot a seedling<br />
with a forceps. Wash<br />
the seedling in warm<br />
water until all of the<br />
visible dirt particles<br />
are removed, and lay<br />
it on the paper towel<br />
beside the razor blades.<br />
Take one of the razor<br />
Semenzali di 30 mesi coltivati in serra/30 months old blades, and with a<br />
seedlings cultivated in a greenhouse.<br />
pulling cut remove the<br />
upper 1/2 to 1 inch of<br />
the grafting stock. Immediately go to the seedling and place the<br />
razor at about the centre of the seedling. With a pulling motion,
con il bordo dei fasci del portainnesto. Non aspettatevi di<br />
avere successo al primo colpo, ma se siete determinati ce<br />
la farete. Fate i primi esperimenti con specie di poco pregio<br />
e di cui avete molti semenzali. Un’altra cosa importante<br />
da ricordare è che quando si praticano degli innesti occorre<br />
essere molto rapidi e, cosa ancora più importante, è<br />
necessario usare sempre delle lamette molto pulite. Io scelgo<br />
innanzitutto un’area di lavoro<br />
ben illuminata, metto sul tavolo<br />
un foglio di carta e al centro<br />
colloco il portainnesto nel<br />
suo vaso. A lato, preparo un tovagliolo<br />
di carta pulito con sopra<br />
almeno due lamette nuove.<br />
Poi bagno un panno con alcool<br />
isopropilico e disinfetto entrambe<br />
le facce delle lamette, facendole<br />
asciugare mentre estraggo<br />
il semenzale da innestare usando<br />
delle pinzette. A questo pun-<br />
to si taglia con una lametta l’apice<br />
del portainnesto per 1-2 cm.<br />
Si taglia quindi immediatamente<br />
a metà il semenzale da inne-<br />
stare con un movimento deciso e senza esercitare pressione,<br />
altrimenti il piccolo semenzale verrà schiacciato e l’innesto<br />
non riuscirà. La parte superiore del semenzale resterà<br />
sulla lametta e da questa bisognerà trasferirla sul portainnesto<br />
già tagliato usando la punta di una matita o qualcosa<br />
di simile, facendo attenzione a posizionarlo nel punto<br />
giusto. La presenza dei liquidi che fuoriescono dalle<br />
superfici tagliate renderà l’operazione più facile. Quando<br />
l’innesto è fatto, mettetelo in un posto dove riceva luce<br />
diffusa e con una temperatura non superiore a 25-27 °C<br />
per circa 5 giorni. Si potrà capire nell’arco di una settimana<br />
se l’innesto è riuscito, in caso contrario il semenzale si<br />
disidraterà rapidamente.<br />
Innestare all’inizio della primavera è vantaggioso perché<br />
la stagione vegetativa spingerà l’innesto a crescere in maniera<br />
vertiginosa. Alcune specie di cactacee arrivano a fiorire<br />
già durante l’estate successiva dello stesso anno. È<br />
importante eliminare i rami che si dovessero formare sul<br />
portainnesto perché sottrarrebbero energia all’innesto.<br />
Non è consigliabile innestare tutti i propri semenzali a<br />
meno che non ne siano germinati solo un paio. Fatelo<br />
comunque solo quando avrete una certa esperienza. I semenzali<br />
sulle proprie radici aspetteranno, crescendo a un<br />
ritmo più lento, ma il ritardo sarà di 3-10 anni a seconda<br />
delle specie. La maggior parte dei semenzali innestati raggiungerà<br />
la maturità alla fine del secondo anno, il terzo<br />
per le specie più lente. In definitiva, una collezione di esemplari<br />
in età da fiore si può ottenere in 2-5 anni a seconda<br />
che la specie accestisca o mantenga un singolo fusto.<br />
Semi dagli innesti<br />
S<br />
e tutto va bene potete ottenere semi dalle piante innestate<br />
fino dalla prima fioritura. Se avete due esemplari<br />
distinti che non provengono per via vegetativa dalla stessa<br />
pianta madre e che fioriscono contemporaneamente o a<br />
breve distanza l’uno dall’altro, potete raccogliere il polline<br />
dalla prima pianta che fiorisce e conservarlo in casa in<br />
un contenitore aperto, lontano dalla luce diretta del sole<br />
e dall’umidità. Il polline della maggior parte delle specie<br />
può essere conservato fino a 3 settimane e quindi utilizza-<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
E. triglochidiatus var. toroweapensis di 7 mesi coltivato a<br />
luce artificiale continua/7 months old cultivated under<br />
artificial lights left on continuously.<br />
17<br />
cut the seedling in half. Do not push the blade down without pulling,<br />
otherwise the seedling will be crushed, and the damaged tissue<br />
will not graft. The top half of the seedling will be on the razor<br />
blade, which then is lifted to the plane of the cut grafting stock.<br />
With a pencil or some sort of a pointer, gently push the seedling off<br />
the blade onto the cut surface of the grafting stock over to the edge<br />
of the vascular bundle. With the abundace of sap, this should be<br />
somewhat easily done. When the seedling<br />
is in position, do not tamper with<br />
it. Take the newly grafted plant to an<br />
area where it will get diffused light,<br />
and temperature which is not above<br />
80 °F, for about 5 days. If the seedling<br />
graft was successful it will become<br />
evident after the first week, by<br />
not desappearing to a dehidrated<br />
specimen. Having done the grafting<br />
in the spring, the advantages of the<br />
main growing season will push the<br />
seedlings at an incredible rate of<br />
growth. Some species of cacti will<br />
flower on the graft before summer ends<br />
the same year the graft was made. It is important to cut back any<br />
branching or offsetting that takes place on the grafting stock. If<br />
not, the energy will be directed away from the graft.<br />
It should be noted that it is not advisable to graft all of the seedlings,<br />
unless you only get one or two to germinate in a particular<br />
batch. Then only do it after you have achieved the skill needed<br />
from experience. These single seedlings will wait, while growing at<br />
a much slower rate on their own roots, but this only sets back some<br />
of the Echinocerei by about 3 to 10 years depending on the species.<br />
Most grafted seedlings will achieve near mature size by the<br />
end of the second year, and the slower growing forms by the end of<br />
the third year. Overall, a mature and flowering collection can be<br />
achieved in 2 to 5 years, depending on the species, whether it is a<br />
clumping form or single stemmed form.<br />
Seed production from grafts<br />
If all goes normally, you can produce seeds on the grafted plants,<br />
as soon as flowering begins. If you have two separate plants<br />
not of the same clone, which flower at the same time, or one shortly<br />
after the first, collect some pollen from the first plant to flower, and<br />
store it in an open container inside of your home, away from direct<br />
sunlight, and damp conditions. This short term storage method<br />
will hold viable pollen for most forms for up to three weeks. The<br />
pollen can then be used to fertilize a flower that blooms at a later<br />
date.<br />
Rooting grafts<br />
When the plant has attained the desired size on the graft, it<br />
can be cut away and rooted. Often these matured grafts,<br />
which are bloated from vigorous growth, will have grown over the<br />
area where the union with the grafting stock has taken place, making<br />
it difficult to cut away. In some cases, it is possible to cut the<br />
stem above the union, and still have a sizeable plant to root. This<br />
being the case, the remaining part left on the grafting stock usually<br />
offsets, and more plants can then be grown and cut off for<br />
rooting or re-grafting. Often, the stem of the grafting stock can be<br />
cut just below the base of the union of the graft, and this will then
to per impollinare i fiori della pianta che fiorisce più tardi.<br />
Affrancare gli innesti<br />
Q<br />
uando l’innesto ha raggiunto le dimensioni desiderate<br />
può essere tagliato dal portainnesto e fatto radicare.<br />
Spesso gli innesti, che risultano molto gonfi a causa<br />
del vigore del portainnesto, crescono ben oltre la zona di<br />
contatto fra le due piante, rendendo difficile l’operazione<br />
di taglio. In certi casi si può tagliare la pianta al di sopra<br />
della zona di unione e ottenere comunque un buon esemplare<br />
da far radicare. In questi casi di solito la parte dell’innesto<br />
che rimane produrrà diversi polloni che potranno<br />
essere a loro volta staccati e fatti radicare o innestati<br />
nuovamente. Spesso si può tagliare il portainnesto appena<br />
al di sotto della zona di unione con l’innesto facendolo<br />
poi radicare e rinvasando in modo che la piccola parte di<br />
portainnesto radicata non si veda. Dato però il diverso regime<br />
di innaffiature e il nuovo terriccio più povero, questo<br />
metodo può causare un problema noto come “marciume<br />
secco”, che incomincia nel portainnesto. Consiglio<br />
quindi di cercare in ogni modo di rimuovere tutto il portainnesto<br />
prima di far radicare la pianta. Il periodo migliore<br />
è dalla tarda primavera alla metà dell’estate. È importante<br />
lasciar formare un callo sulla parte tagliata per<br />
almeno 3 settimane in luogo asciutto e caldo ma in ombra.<br />
Solitamente spargo un po’ di polvere di Captan sul<br />
taglio per le sue proprietà fungicide. Vi sono molti prodotti<br />
utilizzabili, ma non Chinosol. Le piante vanno tenute<br />
dritte altrimenti le radici potrebbero spuntare dalla parte<br />
sbagliata. Queste piante disinnestate certamente non assomiglieranno<br />
a piante cresciute da seme, e neppure a<br />
quelle che si vedono in habitat. Comunque, dopo la seconda<br />
stagione passata su radici proprie, cambieranno<br />
aspetto adattandosi al nuovo ambiente di crescita, a seconda<br />
della quantità di luce solare che ricevono, della frequenza<br />
delle innaffiature e delle fertilizzazioni.<br />
Successo<br />
F<br />
ar radicare gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> è solitamente abbastanza<br />
facile con questi innesti, dato che vengono tagliati<br />
quando sono ben gonfi e vigorosi. Preparate i singoli vasi<br />
con lo stesso terriccio usato per le semine o con un altro<br />
eventualmente perfezionato da voi. Nella mia collezione<br />
gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> non tollerano la torba o terricci con componenti<br />
derivati dal legno. Inoltre poche specie potranno<br />
crescere bene in un composto ricco come quello usato per<br />
le piante innestate. Quando i vasetti sono pronti, appoggiate<br />
le piante da far radicare nella posizione desiderata<br />
sulla superficie del terriccio e interratele per un paio di<br />
centimetri. Bagnate e scuotete delicatamente il vasetto per<br />
far aderire il terriccio alla base della pianta mentre l’acqua<br />
in eccesso cola via. La forte luce e il calore della tarda<br />
primavera e della prima parte dell’estate sono fattori importanti<br />
per stimolare l’emissione di nuove radici. È necessario,<br />
però, che la luce sia filtrata, dato che il sole diretto<br />
potrebbe scottare la pianta. Bisogna dare lo stesso tipo<br />
di luce che le piante avevano quando erano innestate.<br />
Quando sono radicate, le piante possono essere gradualmente<br />
abituate a una luce più intensa che serve per favorire<br />
una crescita normale e ottenere esemplari il più possibile<br />
somiglianti a quelli che crescono in natura. Nella maggior<br />
parte dei casi ciò si può ottenere coltivando gli<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> in terriccio magro, con sporadiche fertilizzazioni<br />
e meno acqua di quanto si riterrebbe necessario. ❁<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
18<br />
root, and the plant can be set on top of the soil mix, without the<br />
extra portion of the grafting stock visible. However, these can eventually<br />
cause problems with the new method of growing the matured<br />
plant, because of less watering, and a soil mix which is not<br />
nearly as rich as the original compost used for the grafting stock.<br />
The problem is called “dry rot” and begins in the stub of the grafting<br />
stock. I recommend using “invention” to remove all of the<br />
grafting stock from the newly cut graft.<br />
The process of rooting newly cut grafts should be done in the late<br />
spring to mid summer. It is important to let these plants callous<br />
for about three weeks in a warm dry area, away from direct sunlight.<br />
I dust the newly cut surface with Captan, which is a powdered<br />
fungicide. There are other dusting compounds available,<br />
but do not use Chinosol. The plants should be set in an upright<br />
position, because roots may begin to grow, and this can happen<br />
through the side of the stem, which is facing down. These plants<br />
which are newly cut away from the graft, do not look like plants<br />
grown from seed on their own roots, and certainly not much like<br />
those seen in habitat. However, after the second season on their<br />
own roots, they will have changed to meet the environment where<br />
they are now cultivated, according to the amount of sunlight during<br />
the growing season, and whether they are being grown hard,<br />
or with frequent water and feeding cycles.<br />
Success<br />
Rooting <strong>Echinocereus</strong> is usually fairly easy with these grafts,<br />
because they were pumped up, and growing vigorously when<br />
the cut was made. Make up individual pots of a soil mix which is<br />
the same as the seedling<br />
mix, or something you<br />
may have invented or<br />
found out about, while<br />
waiting for the seedling<br />
grafts to achieve a desired<br />
size. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> will<br />
fail in my collection if<br />
grown in any peat-based<br />
mixes, or soils with wood<br />
material in them, and<br />
very few species will thrive<br />
E. (Wilcoxia) schmollii di 30 mesi/30<br />
months old E. (Wilcoxia) schmollii.<br />
on their own roots in the<br />
rich compost that was<br />
used for the grafting<br />
stock. When the mix is<br />
ready, sit the plant to be rooted in the desired position on top of the<br />
soil, and push it into the mix about one inch deep. Thoroughly<br />
soak the soil and lightly shake the pot to settle the mix around the<br />
base of the plant, as the excess water drains away.<br />
The strong heat and light of late spring and early to mid Summer<br />
are important to stimulate rooting in <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. Filtered light<br />
is important for this period of time, because direct sunlight will<br />
burn the plant. They need to have the same light as they were<br />
exposed to while developing on the graft. After rooting has taken<br />
place, the plants can be gradually exposed to stronger sunlight,<br />
which is needed to bring the plant into a more normal growth,<br />
and to eventually achieve as much as possible, in the area where it<br />
is being cultivated, a plant which looks like it does in habitat.<br />
In most cases, this can be realistically done, by growing <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
in a low nutrient soil, with less feeding and watering than<br />
one might think necessary. ❁
Patologie<br />
Helminthosporium<br />
cactivorum<br />
di Bill R. Beaston<br />
Fotografie dell’autore<br />
N el<br />
clima che caratterizza la zona dove vivo ci sono diverse<br />
patologie e parassiti che occorre tenere sotto<br />
controllo. I parassiti animali possono essere tenuti a bada<br />
con insetticidi. I più nocivi sono il ragnetto rosso e la cocciniglia<br />
cotonosa. Le forme fungine, comunque, sono le<br />
più difficili. Le perdite di semenzali possono essere causate<br />
da più tipi di fungo, ma per lo più sono da imputare a<br />
semenzali tenuti troppo umidi per troppo tempo dopo le<br />
prime settimane. Questo problema non è infrequente ed<br />
è connaturato alla coltivazione da seme in condizioni artificiali.<br />
Il fungo più devastante e difficile da combattere è<br />
però a mio giudizio Helminthosporium cactivorum(1). Questo<br />
particolare fungo sembra prediligere gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
ma può anche decimare una collezione di altri generi e,<br />
particolare interessante, più che altro le specie<br />
nordamericane e messicane. Ho provato a utilizzare diversi<br />
costosi fungicidi ma senza successo. Di recente è stato<br />
consigliato Iprodione che deve però essere applicato a intervalli<br />
regolari di 7-10 giorni, il che è quasi impossibile in<br />
una grande collezione. Ho risolto il problema a modo mio<br />
con successo sistemando tutti i vasetti in vassoi abbastanza<br />
profondi da consentire<br />
innaffiature per immersione.<br />
Si tratta di<br />
vassoi in grado di contenere<br />
diversi vasi rendendo<br />
così più veloci<br />
le innaffiature. I testi<br />
consigliano frequenti<br />
nebulizzazioni che io<br />
invece evito. Ho infatti<br />
notato che si trovano<br />
spore dei funghi<br />
sugli apici vegetativi e<br />
sui fiori degli Echinoce-<br />
reus, che germinano a<br />
temperature attorno<br />
ai 22 °C. Le spore di<br />
E. pulchellus con inizio di infezione/<br />
with an initiation of stem damage.<br />
Helminthosporium germinano rapidamente e penetrano con<br />
facilità nei tessuti morbidi. Se innaffio dall’alto con le piante<br />
in fiore sono certo di perdere delle piante. Nella mia<br />
zona Helminthosporium è attivo solo dalla metà della primavera<br />
a fine estate. Ora nebulizzo solo due volte all’anno,<br />
giusto per togliere la polvere dalle piante e solo a fioritura<br />
ultimata.<br />
Il controllo di Helminthosporium è risultato più facile nella<br />
mia collezione grazie a questi accorgimenti e a condizioni<br />
di coltivazione “dure”. Le piante sono oltretutto più simili<br />
a quelle in habitat e le fioriture sono solo un po’ meno<br />
abbondanti. Per ovviare a questo inconveniente basta aumentare<br />
il numero delle piante nella collezione, anche se<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
19<br />
Pest control<br />
Helminthosporium<br />
cactivorum<br />
by Bill R. Beaston<br />
Photographs courtesy of the author<br />
In the climatic conditions of the area where I live, there are several<br />
diseases and pests which have to be controlled. The animal forms<br />
can be managed with pesticides. The most detrimental are spider<br />
mites and mealy-bugs. The fungal forms, however, are the most<br />
difficult to manage.<br />
Losses in seedling batches can come from several species of fungi,<br />
but this is mostly because the seedlings are kept too damp for too<br />
long, after the first few weeks. This problem is to be expected, and<br />
is part of the situation encountered when growing cacti from seed<br />
in an artificial environment. What has been very difficult for me,<br />
is to manage the most devastating fungus, Helminthosporium<br />
cactivorum(1). This particular fungus seems to prefer the <strong>Echinocereus</strong>,<br />
but will also devastate a collection of several other genera,<br />
and interestingly, mostly the North American species, which<br />
includes Mexican forms. I have tried several very expensive<br />
fungicides, without much success. Recently, a new one was<br />
recommended, Iprodione, but it needs to be applied at regular<br />
intervals of 7 to 10 days. This is nearly impossible for a large<br />
collection.<br />
The method I have resolved my situation to, for the most success, is<br />
to have all potted plants placed in a permanent tray, deep enough<br />
to water the plants from the bottom up. These holding trays are<br />
large enough to accommodate several pots, making watering easier.<br />
Popular literature recommends frequent overhead spraying. I do<br />
not, because I have found that the damp surface of the tender<br />
growing tip of <strong>Echinocereus</strong>, and the flowers, will have spores<br />
on them which germinate when the average temperature is around<br />
70 F. The spores of Helminthosporium germinate rapidly, and<br />
then penetrate the tender tissues easily. I can count on losses in my<br />
collection if I water overhead, when the plants are in flower.<br />
Helminthosporium is only active during the mid spring through<br />
summer in my area. I now only overhead spray about twice a year,<br />
just to clean the dust off the plants, and then only after flowering<br />
is over.<br />
Managing Helminthosporium in my collection, has become<br />
much easier by watering the plants less, even from below, and<br />
growing them by the method known as ‘hard’. I find this method<br />
produces plants that look more like they should in the habitat, and<br />
flowering still occurs although there may be fewer flowers per plant.<br />
To solve this, and to have backup plants as well, just increase the<br />
numbers of species and varieties. This may be a problem if space is<br />
limited and you want to have all species and varieties represented<br />
in your collection.<br />
The alternative is to be prepared to replace a lost plant by starting<br />
with seeds you have stored. I have found some <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
seeds will still be viable at 10 years of age, but this is rare, and they<br />
have to be stored properly. This can be done using paper packets,<br />
placed in a cardboard box and stored in your house, somewhere<br />
where there will be little humidity.<br />
I do not store seeds in the refrigerator, because I have found no<br />
advantage in this method, which actually requires procedures to
ciò può essere problematico se si vogliono avere rappresentate<br />
tutte le specie e varietà. L’alternativa è di essere<br />
preparati a dover sostituire le piante perse mediante nuove<br />
semine. Sia pure raramente, i semi di <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sono<br />
a volte ancora vitali dopo 10 anni purché conservati in<br />
modo ottimale. Occorre infatti metterli in bustine di carta<br />
a loro volta tenute in una scatola di cartone in un luogo<br />
privo di umidità. Io non li tengo in frigorifero perché non<br />
ho rilevato particolari vantaggi, e comunque questo metodo<br />
richiede misure preventive contro l’umidità. Tenete<br />
sempre dei semi di scorta e rimpiazzateli dopo 3-5 anni. In<br />
questo modo potrete sempre far fronte a eventuali perdite.<br />
(1) Durbin R. D. et al., “A Helminthosporium Stem Rot of<br />
<strong>Cacti</strong>”, The Cactus and Succulent Journal of the Cactus and<br />
Succulent Society of America, vol. XXVIII, Jan.-Feb.1956. ❁<br />
Alcune osservazioni sugli<br />
Ibridi di<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
di Bill R. Beaston<br />
Fotografie dell’autore<br />
I collezionisti<br />
specializzati tendono a raccogliere piante<br />
con dati di località, e alcuni di essi sono anche propen-<br />
si a creare degli ibridi utilizzando il materiale presente nelle<br />
loro collezioni. Ciò non significa però mettere avventatamente<br />
in circolazione semi o semenzali ibridi con i dati di<br />
una sola delle piante genitrici. Al contrario, è importante<br />
conservare ogni informazione sull’origine delle piante<br />
esenti da contaminazioni genetiche. Nel panorama politico<br />
internazionale odierno molti <strong>Echinocereus</strong> non sono più<br />
raccoglibili in habitat e quindi le piante presenti nelle<br />
nostre collezioni sono di inestimabile<br />
valore documentario. Sfortunatamente<br />
vi sono in circolazione molti <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
spacciati per specie con dati<br />
certi di località, ma in realtà tutt’altro<br />
che tali. Ciò accade quando vengono<br />
commessi errori nella produzione di<br />
semi all’interno di una data collezione,<br />
sia tramite impollinazione manuale<br />
sia lasciando le piante esposte all’azione<br />
di insetti impollinatori. I semi<br />
così ottenuti entrano in circolazione<br />
e, se ciò si verifica nel circuito commerciale,<br />
l’errore viene perpetuato da<br />
quanti producono nuove piante dai<br />
semi acquistati.<br />
Gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sono autosterili. Ciò<br />
significa che sono necessarie almeno<br />
due diverse piante per produrre semi.<br />
Nell’ambito di una collezione, l’impollinazione avviene<br />
trasferendo il polline da una pianta all’altra. L’uso di un<br />
pennellino non è consigliabile dato che, con un utilizzo<br />
reiterato, fra le setole potrebbe restare un po’ di polline<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
E. (Wilcoxia) schmollii x E. scheeri var.<br />
koehresianus.<br />
20<br />
protect seeds from damp conditions. Replace your replacement seeds<br />
about every 3 to 5 years, and you can keep up a complete collection,<br />
if losses occur. ❁<br />
Some observations on<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
hybrids<br />
by Bill R. Beaston<br />
Photographs courtesy of the author<br />
While any specialized collector keeps plants with field data, or<br />
a pedigree, some of us have the attitude of hybridizing from<br />
within our collection. This does not mean that it is OK to be haphazard,<br />
and allow hybrid seeds or seedling plants to go into circulation<br />
with the field data of only one of the parents! On the contrary,<br />
it is important to keep a reference collection of plants with<br />
field data completely pure of genetic contamination. In today’s<br />
climate of political interactions between various countries, many<br />
of the <strong>Echinocereus</strong> are no longer available for field collection,<br />
and the plants we have in our collections are invaluable assets for<br />
future growers. There is, regrettably, a lot of genetically contaminated<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> in circulation, being passed off as plants or<br />
seeds with valid field data. This happens when individual growers<br />
make mistakes in seed production from their collections, during<br />
cross pollination, or allow plants to be exposed to pollinator<br />
insects. This seed then gets into the trade, and if this is through a<br />
seed company, the problem is compounded by those who grow plants<br />
from seed, and then continue the cycle.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> are not self-compatible, that is, they need another<br />
plant’s pollen in order to set seed. In a closed collection this is done<br />
by means of some method of transferring pollen from one plant to<br />
another. Using an artist’s brush is not to be recommended, as the<br />
brush is intended to be used repeatedly, and may not be clean of<br />
pollen from another species or even another<br />
variety. The method I prefer is to use a<br />
metal forceps or tweezers to grasp small<br />
bundles of stamens with pollen on the tips,<br />
and pull it from the donor plant and then<br />
transfer to the stigma of another plant (not<br />
a clone, but a separate plant!). These metal<br />
tweezers can easily be cleaned before using<br />
them again. (Of course, it is assumed here<br />
that the individual doing this is familiar<br />
with the anatomy of the flower.)<br />
It is helpful to know that <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
pollen can be stored for a few days and<br />
then be used for pollinating a plant that<br />
flowers later. Short term pollen storage is<br />
done by collecting the bundles of stamens<br />
from a flower, and placing them in an<br />
open, dry container, at room temperature,<br />
away from direct sunlight.<br />
Another observation, stemming from the experience of many of us,<br />
is that some of the <strong>Echinocereus</strong> are dioeceous, that is, there are<br />
what are considered as separate male and female plants. Dioecy is<br />
most often encountered in the E. triglochidiatus, coccineus,
di altre specie o varietà. Il metodo che preferisco consiste<br />
nell’utilizzare delle pinzette di metallo con cui prelevare<br />
gli stami da un fiore e, con questi, trasferire il polline sullo<br />
stigma di un’altra pianta (non una propagazione vegetativa,<br />
ma un altro clone!). Le pinzette possono essere pulite<br />
facilmente prima di usarle ancora. Naturalmente si dà per<br />
scontata una certa<br />
familiarità con<br />
l’anatomia dei fiori.<br />
È utile sapere che<br />
il polline di <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
può essere<br />
conservato per<br />
alcuni giorni e<br />
usato successivamente<br />
su una<br />
pianta che fiorisce<br />
più tardi. Basta<br />
raccogliere gli<br />
stami da un fiore<br />
e collocarli in un<br />
contenitore pulito,<br />
asciutto e aperto,<br />
all’ombra e a<br />
temperatura ambiente.<br />
Diverse specie di<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sono<br />
dioiche, presentano<br />
cioè piante<br />
maschili e piante femminili. Ciò si riscontra prevalentemente<br />
nei complessi di E. triglochidiatus, E. coccineus, E.<br />
polyacanthus ed E. scheeri. Quando la produzione di semi di<br />
queste piante risulta lenta o addirittura impossile, è probabile<br />
che le piante utilizzate siano dello stesso sesso. In<br />
questi casi è preferibile avere almeno sei piante dioiche<br />
per aumentare le probabilità di ottenere semi. Quando si<br />
sospetta che una pianta sia dioica, può essere utile osservare<br />
le caratteristiche del fiore.<br />
Ho notato che le piante che portano fiori completi sono<br />
maschili, mentre quelle con fiori privi di polline sulla sommità<br />
degli stami sono femminili. Queste ultime sono quelle<br />
che svilupperanno i frutti.<br />
La prima cosa da fare, quando si vuole ottenere un ibrido,<br />
consiste quindi nello scegliere la giusta pianta femminile.<br />
Consiglio quelle con il tubo florale più corto poiché, da<br />
ripetute osservazioni, sembra che il polline di una pianta<br />
di questo tipo non possa impollinare l’ovario di una pianta<br />
con tubo florale più lungo. Una mia esperienza in questo<br />
senso riguarda l’incrocio di E. fendleri var. kuenzleri con<br />
una forma standard di E. viridiflorus. Dopo un’impollinazione<br />
incrociata, solo E. viridiflorus ha prodotto semi. C’è<br />
una grande differenza nelle dimensioni dei fiori di queste<br />
due specie.<br />
Scopo principale dell’ibridazione è di produrre cultivar o<br />
piante particolarmente attraenti. Un altro motivo plausibile<br />
poteva essere la verifica delle relazioni esistenti fra due<br />
taxa. Tuttavia questa pratica non è più considerata valida<br />
in quanto si è scoperto nel corso degli anni che nelle cactacee<br />
si possono verificare ibridazioni intergeneriche. D’altra<br />
parte, non tutte le specie ibridano, e neppure tutti i<br />
taxa considerati varietà di singole specie nell’ambito di un<br />
dato genere. Ciò è vero anche per il genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />
Esperienze condotte sul lungo periodo hanno fornito validi<br />
elementi per supporre che ciascuna specie di Echinoce-<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
E. papillosus x E. pamanesiorum.<br />
21<br />
polyacanthus, and scheeri complexes. When you find that seed<br />
production within this group is low, or even impossible, then it is<br />
likely that the plants you have are of the same sex. When cultivating<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> with the intent to produce seed, it is best to<br />
have at least six of the dioeceous forms to increase the odds for seed<br />
production. When dioecy is suspected, the observation I have made<br />
is that the plants<br />
bearing complete<br />
flowers are the male<br />
plants, while those<br />
which have stamens<br />
without bundles<br />
of pollen on the<br />
tips are female,<br />
and these seem to be<br />
the only ones that<br />
will develop fruit.<br />
Thus, in the first<br />
attempts at hybridizing<br />
any of the<br />
cacti, it is important<br />
to choose the<br />
right plant to be the<br />
female. I recommend<br />
the one with<br />
the shorter floral<br />
tube in any given<br />
selection made.<br />
This is because it<br />
seems (out of repeated<br />
experiences) that the pollen from a plant with a short floral<br />
tube is unable to develop a connection from the stigma to the ovary<br />
in the flower of a form with a longer floral tube.<br />
An example I have observed, is in crossing E. fendleri var. kuenzleri<br />
with a standard form of E. viridiflorus. I transferred<br />
pollen between both plants, but only the E. viridiflorus set seed.<br />
There is an immense<br />
difference<br />
between the flower<br />
sizes of these two<br />
forms.<br />
The purpose of<br />
hybridization is<br />
mainly to produce<br />
cultivars, or<br />
plants with combined<br />
features<br />
that are attractive.Hybridization<br />
could also be<br />
used in principle<br />
to determine if<br />
E. viridiflorus x E. fendleri var. kuenzleri.<br />
various forms are<br />
related to each<br />
other. However,<br />
this is no longer<br />
considered as valid, because over the years, it has been discovered<br />
by many growers, that intergeneric hybrids can occur within the<br />
Cactaceae.<br />
On the other hand, not all species and even some taxa that are<br />
thought to be varieties of a single species, within a given genus,<br />
will hybridize. This is true in the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. Longterm<br />
experience provides evidence for conjecturing that any given<br />
species of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> will hybridize with at least another form<br />
in the genus. (Note that this includes the most outside species, E.
eus possa ibridare con almeno un’altra forma nell’ambito<br />
dello stesso genere. Ciò vale anche per E. pensilis, che ibrida<br />
con i taxa del complesso E. scheeri. Non so dire invece se<br />
ciò si verifichi con altri taxa di <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />
Gli ibridi più contrastanti<br />
sono quelli<br />
con caratteri marcatamente<br />
diversi,<br />
come quelli fra specie<br />
del sottogenere<br />
Wilcoxia ed E. pectinatus<br />
o altri Echinocerei<br />
di forma globosa.<br />
Questi incroci di<br />
solito non producono<br />
piante con<br />
una equa combinazione<br />
di caratteristi-<br />
che. Un ibrido fra<br />
Wilcoxia schmollii ed<br />
E. scheeri var. koehresianus<br />
produce una<br />
pianta che assomiglia a<br />
una nuova forma di<br />
Wilcoxia, con fusto sottile<br />
e allungato coperto<br />
di spine sottili e fitte,<br />
e con un fiore che<br />
combina le caratteristiche<br />
di entrambe le<br />
piante genitrici.<br />
Un ibrido fra E. papillosus<br />
ed E. pamanesiorum<br />
dà invece una<br />
pianta che ricorda maggiormente<br />
E. papillosus,<br />
ma con un fiore color salmone<br />
pallido.<br />
Un ibrido fra E. viridiflorus ed E. fendleri var.<br />
kuenzleri produce una pianta il cui fusto è una<br />
combinazione abbastanza equilibrata di caratteri,<br />
sia nelle dimensioni che nelle spine.<br />
Questo ibrido ha un fiore decisamente peculiare,<br />
di circa 2,5 cm sia in diametro che in<br />
altezza e di un colore rosso ocra.<br />
Un ibrido fra E. palmeri ed E. triglochidiatus<br />
produce una pianta con caratteri più simili<br />
a quelli di E. palmeri ma con un fiore<br />
a dominanza rossa e con una sfumatura<br />
blu. Questa sfumatura si riscontra in diversi<br />
ibridi fra taxa appartenenti ai gruppi<br />
di E. triglochidiatus, E. coccineus, E.<br />
polyacanthus ed E. scheeri, e taxa al di fuori<br />
di questi complessi, che hanno<br />
pigmentazioni diverse (non nel gruppo<br />
delle betacianine) e producono fiori che<br />
vanno dal magenta al rosa.<br />
Per quanto la mia esperienza nella produzione<br />
di ibridi sia limitata, mi sembra<br />
chiaro che le possibilità sono innumerevoli.<br />
Una delle limitazioni è lo spazio disponibile e, ancora<br />
una volta, la cosa più importante è mantenere comunque<br />
una collezione con taxa sicuramente documentati, come<br />
riferimento per gli altri collezionisti. ❁<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
22<br />
pensilis, which will hybridize within the E. scheeri complex. It<br />
is unknown to this author, if E. pensilis will hybridize with any<br />
other <strong>Echinocereus</strong> forms.)<br />
Some of the most contrasting hybrids are those with completely<br />
different characters,<br />
such as hybrids between<br />
Wilcoxias<br />
and E. pectinatus<br />
or other globular<br />
stemmed forms. This<br />
combination usually<br />
does not produce a<br />
plant with equal combination<br />
of stem characteristics.<br />
A hybrid of Wilcoxia<br />
schmollii<br />
and E. scheeri var.<br />
E. palmeri x E. triglochidiatus. E. pectinatus var. wenigeri x<br />
E. coccineus.<br />
E. primolanatus x E. engelmannii. E. stoloniferus x E. pseudopectinatus.<br />
E. salm-dyckianus x E. dasyacanthus.<br />
koehresianus produces<br />
a plant that<br />
looks like a new form<br />
of Wilcoxia, having<br />
a long slender stem, covered<br />
in dense, short, fine<br />
spines, and having a<br />
flower that combines the<br />
floral characters of both<br />
parents equally.<br />
A hybrid between E.<br />
papillosus and E. pamanesiorum<br />
produces<br />
a plant with much of the<br />
characters of E. papillosus,<br />
but with a flower<br />
which is a light salmonpink.<br />
A hybrid between E. viridiflorus<br />
and E. fendleri var. kuenzleri<br />
produces a plant which has a stem with an<br />
almost equal combination of characters, both<br />
in stem size, and in the spines. This hybrid<br />
has a unique flower, about one inch across<br />
and one inch in height, with colour of a somewhat<br />
ochre red.<br />
A hybrid between E. palmeri and E. triglochidiatus<br />
produces a plant which has<br />
characters more in common with E.<br />
palmeri, but the main flower colour is red<br />
with a hint of a blue highlight. This blue<br />
highlight occurs in several hybrids between<br />
taxa from the E. triglochidiatus, coccineus,<br />
polyacanthus, and scheeri<br />
groups, and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> taxa outside<br />
of these complexes, which have different floral<br />
pigments (not in the betacyanin group),<br />
and produce flowers that are magenta to<br />
pink.<br />
The experience of this author, in hybridization<br />
within the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>,<br />
is limited, but it is apparent that there are<br />
numerous possibilities.<br />
Space is one of the limitations, and once again, the most important<br />
factor is to keep a pure collection as a reference source for<br />
others. ❁
Introduzione<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> Index<br />
H<br />
o incominciato a interessarmi del genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
negli anni ’50 quando trovai delle piante di E.<br />
fendleri ed E. coccineus mentre camminavo tra le colline e le<br />
montagne intorno a Las Cruces nel New Mexico. Il mio<br />
interesse fu ulteriormente stimolato dal libro del dottor<br />
Benson, The <strong>Cacti</strong> of Arizona, dai 4 volumi della monografia<br />
di Britton e Rose, The Cactaceae, dal Cactus and Succulent<br />
Journal e dai cataloghi di Gates Cactus Garden. Il primo<br />
problema che notai nei miei studi sul genere fu la confusa<br />
moltitudine di nomi. Incominciai a compilare l’<strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
Index nei primi anni ’60 con l’intento di preparare<br />
una lista di tutti i nomi delle specie, sottospecie, varietà e<br />
forme del genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. La monografia di Britton e<br />
Rose fu un buon punto di partenza a cui si aggiunsero i<br />
nomi reperiti nell’Index Kewensis e nel catalogo del Gray<br />
Herbarium. Nel corso degli anni successivi ho consultato<br />
molte altre fonti e ho rivisto l’Index molte volte. All’inizio<br />
del 1996 l’Index fu trascritto in un file di computer che fu<br />
fatto circolare ampiamente attraverso Internet e, alla fine<br />
dello stesso anno, fu inserito da Andreas e Martina Ohr<br />
nella loro <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Homepage. Da allora, grazie al contributo<br />
di molti appassionati, l’Index è stato aggiornato e<br />
corretto. Indubbiamente vi sono ancora errori e omissioni<br />
nonostante il considerevole sforzo fatto per eliminarne<br />
il maggior numero possibile. In alcuni pochi casi le fonti<br />
originali non sono state disponibili per verificare l’accuratezza<br />
delle voci. Queste sono state evidenziate nella<br />
bibliografia con un asterisco. La <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Homepage sarà<br />
continuamente aggiornata in futuro con correzioni e aggiunte.<br />
Sebbene il genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sia stato descritto dal dottor<br />
George Engelmann soltanto nel 1848, la prima specie fu<br />
descritta da Augustin de Candolle nel 1828 grazie a esemplari<br />
raccolti da Thomas Coulter nel Messico centrale. Si<br />
trattava di Cereus pentalophus e C. cinerascens. Altre specie<br />
furono descritte come Echinocactus o Echinopsis. Su suggerimento<br />
del Principe Salm-Dyck, Engelmann (1849) ridusse<br />
il genere al rango di sottogenere sotto Cereus. Labouret<br />
(1853) e Coulter (1896) seguirono Engellman nel collocare<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> all’interno del genere Cereus, ma Lemaire<br />
(1868) e Britton e Rose (1922) mantennero <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
come genere a sé stante. Gran parte delle trattazioni<br />
tassonomiche moderne accettano questa tesi. Taylor<br />
(1985b) ha aggiunto al genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong> anche le specie<br />
prima classificate come Wilcoxia e nell’Index ho tenuto<br />
conto di ciò.<br />
Nella realizzazione dell’Index molte persone hanno prestato<br />
il loro aiuto. Alcuni di coloro che hanno incoraggiato<br />
i miei sforzi iniziali, come il dottor Edward Castetter,<br />
Dudley Gold, Dale Morrical e il dottor Lyman Benson, non<br />
sono più fra noi ma senza il loro contributo il progetto<br />
preparato da / prepared by<br />
Terry L. Corbett<br />
23<br />
Introduction<br />
I became<br />
interested in the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong> in the<br />
1950s when I came upon plants of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri<br />
and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus while hiking in the hills and<br />
mountains about Las Cruces, New Mexico. My interest was further<br />
stimulated by Dr. Benson’s book, The <strong>Cacti</strong> of Arizona, Britton<br />
and Rose’s 4 voll. monograph The Cactaceae, the Cactus and<br />
Succulent Journal and the catalogues of Gates Cactus Garden.<br />
The first problem I noticed in my study of the genus was the<br />
confusing plethora of names. I began the <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Index<br />
in the early 1960s as an effort to produce a list of all the names of<br />
species, subspecies, varieties and forms of the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />
Britton and Rose’s monograph provided a starting point, to<br />
which were added names from the Index Kewensis and the Gray<br />
Herbarium Card Catalogue.<br />
Over the intervening years many other sources have been consulted<br />
and the Index revised several times. Early in 1996 the Index<br />
was transferred to a computerized file. This file has been circulated<br />
to many people through the Internet, and late in 1996 the file was<br />
added by Martina and Andreas Ohr to their <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
Homepage.<br />
Since then, through the response of many <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
enthusiasts, the Index has been updated and corrected.<br />
Undoubtedly there are still errors and omissions in the Index<br />
despite considerable effort to eliminate as many of these as possible.<br />
In a few cases the original sources have not been available to check<br />
the accuracy of the entry. These have been marked in the<br />
bibliography with an asterisk. The <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Homepage<br />
file will continue to be updated with future corrections and<br />
additions.<br />
Although the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong> was not described by Dr. George<br />
Engelmann until 1848, the first species which belong to the genus<br />
were described by Augustin de Candolle in 1828 from collections<br />
made by Thomas Coulter in central Mexico. These were Cereus<br />
pentalophus and Cereus cinerascens. Other species were<br />
described as Echinocactus or Echinopsis.<br />
At the suggestion of Prince Salm-Dyck, Engelmann (1849) reduced<br />
the genus to the rank of subgenus under Cereus. Labouret (1853)<br />
and Coulter (1896) followed Engelmann in placing <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
in the genus Cereus, but Lemaire (1868), Rümpler (1885),<br />
Schumann (1897), and Britton and Rose (1922) all kept <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
as a separate genus. Most modern taxonomic treatments<br />
also keep <strong>Echinocereus</strong> as a separate genus. Taylor (1985b)<br />
added those plants formerly classed as Wilcoxia to <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
and the Index has been revised to reflect this addition.<br />
Many people have been helpful in creating this Index. Some of<br />
those who encouraged my early efforts such as Dr. Edward Castetter,<br />
Dudley Gold, Dale Morrical and Dr. Lyman Benson, are no longer<br />
with us, but without their help the Index project would have been<br />
abandoned many years ago.<br />
Recently I have had the assistance of many people via the <strong>Cacti</strong>_etc<br />
e-mail list, in particular Lino Di Martino, Andreas and Martina
sarebbe stato abbandonato molti anni fa. Più recentemente<br />
ho ricevuto assistenza da molte persone attraverso la<br />
lista di discussione <strong>Cacti</strong>_etc, in particolare Lino Di Martino,<br />
Andreas e Martina Ohr, Billie Beaston, Bill LaHaye, Duke<br />
Benadom, Michel Lange e Mats Hjertson.<br />
L’Index, da semplice elenco di nomi quale era, ora include<br />
i nomi degli autori e i luoghi di pubblicazione per ciascuna<br />
voce e informazioni sulla località tipo e sul campione<br />
tipo. Il basionimo e la lista dei sinonimi (basati sul campione<br />
tipo o designati dagli autori come sinonimi, o contenenti<br />
il basionimo) sono stati aggiunti di modo che l’Index<br />
può essere utilizzato come una guida ai diversi nomi che<br />
sono stati adottati per designare le piante nel genere. Informazioni<br />
riguardanti altre possibili sinonimie basate su<br />
interpretazioni tassonomiche sono contenute nelle note<br />
che seguono ciascuna voce. L’applicazione dei sinonimi<br />
tassonomici è soggetta a interpretazioni diverse a seconda<br />
dei botanici. L’Index deve essere inteso come una guida ai<br />
diversi nomi presenti nel genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong> a beneficio<br />
dell’appassionato e non come una trattazione tassonomica<br />
del genere. Non ho indicato alcuna preferenza per i<br />
diversi sistemi di classificazione che sono stati proposti. I<br />
nomi che non sono conformi agli standard della nomenclatura<br />
botanica o sono esclusi dal genere, sono stati contrassegnati<br />
da asterischi (vedi oltre). Spero che questo Index<br />
possa risultare utile a coloro che sono interessati allo studio,<br />
alla propagazione e alla conservazione di queste piante<br />
meravigliose.<br />
Istruzioni per l’uso<br />
L<br />
’Index è realizzato in ordine alfabetico per specie,<br />
quindi per ranghi sottospecifici e quindi per dati. L’ordine<br />
dei dati è genere, specie, sottospecie, varietà, forma,<br />
(autore di basionimo se diverso) autore, data di pubblicazione:<br />
pagina. Basionimo. TL: (Località tipo), raccoglitore<br />
e tipo se noto, data di raccolta. L’abbreviazione dell’erbario<br />
dove è depositato il campione tipo e il numero di<br />
campione sono fra parentesi tonde. Il simbolo (?) indica<br />
che non è certo che vi sia un campione esistente. La citazione<br />
completa del lavoro in cui il nome è stato pubblicato<br />
può essere trovata cercando sotto il nome dell’autore e<br />
la data nella bibliografia; per es. Taylor 1985b:120 indica<br />
pagina 120 di The Genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. Un asterisco prima<br />
del nome generico indica che la pianta appartiene a un<br />
altro genere. Un asterisco dopo altri nomi indica che il<br />
nome è invalido o illegittimo. I nomi in neretto sono le<br />
voci primarie dell’Index e sono seguite dalle informazioni<br />
sul basionimo e altri dati di pubblicazione. Per informazioni<br />
complete sui nomi che non sono voci primarie, occorre<br />
cercare sotto il nome che segue la voce see (vedi).<br />
Nei casi in cui il nome primario nell’Index non è basionimo,<br />
il basionimo è riportato sotto la voce in neretto. Si è seguito<br />
il rango utilizzato dall’autore originale per determinare<br />
le voci primarie dell’Index. Nei casi in cui l’autore originale<br />
ha elevato il rango di una pianta, viene accolto il rango<br />
più alto. Ciò è da intendersi solo come riferimento e<br />
non indica alcuna preferenza riguardo la classificazione<br />
della pianta. I nomi che non sono mai stati pubblicati nel<br />
genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sono elencati con il nome del genere<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
24<br />
Ohr, Billie Beaston, Bill LaHaye, Duke Benadom, Michael Lange,<br />
and Mats Hjertson.<br />
The Index has been expanded from just a list of names so that it<br />
now includes the author and place of publication for each name<br />
and information on the type locality and type specimen. The<br />
basionym and a list of synonyms (either based on the type specimen,<br />
or designated by their author as synonyms, or containing the<br />
basionym) have been added so that the Index can be used as an<br />
organized guide to the many names which have been applied to<br />
the plants in this genus. Information relating to other possible<br />
synonyms based on taxonomic interpretations are contained in<br />
notes at the end of each entry.<br />
The application of taxonomic synonyms is subject to different<br />
interpretation by different botanists. The Index is intended to be<br />
a guide to the different names in this genus for <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
enthusiasts and not a taxonomic treatment of the genus. I have<br />
not indicated any preference for any of the different taxonomic<br />
systems that have been proposed. Names that do not conform to the<br />
standards of botanical nomenclature or are excluded from the genus<br />
have been marked with asterisk (see below). I hope this Index will<br />
be of help to everyone interested in the study, propagation, and<br />
preservation of these marvelous plants.<br />
Instructions for use<br />
T he<br />
Index is alphabetical by species, then subspecific ranks,<br />
then date. The order of the data is Genus, species, subspecies/<br />
varietas/forma, (basionym author if different) Author, date<br />
published: page. Basionym. TL: (Type locality), collector and type<br />
if known, date collected. The abbreviation of the herbarium where<br />
the type specimen is deposited and the specimen number are<br />
surrounded by round brackets. The symbol (?) indicates that it is<br />
uncertain if a type specimen was preserved.<br />
The full citation of the work in which the name was published can<br />
be found by checking under the author’s name and date in the<br />
bibliography, i.e. Taylor 1985b:120 is page 120 of The Genus<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong>. An asterisk before the genus name means the plant<br />
properly belongs to another genus. An asterisk after other names<br />
means the name is invalid or illegitimate. Names in bold are<br />
primary Index names and are followed by information about the<br />
basionym and other publication data.<br />
For full information on names that are not primary Index names,<br />
please check under the name which follows the word “see”. Please<br />
note that in those cases where the primary Index name is not the<br />
basionym, the basionym is under the bold-faced primary Index<br />
name.<br />
For the purpose of this Index the rank used by the original author<br />
has been followed in determining the primary Index name. In<br />
those cases where the original author raised the rank of the plant,<br />
the higher rank is followed in determining the primary Index<br />
name. This is for reference purposes only and does not indicate<br />
any preference in regard to the proper placement of any plant.<br />
Names that have never been published under the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
are listed with the name of the genus that was used in the<br />
basionym. Autonyms (such as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. acifer)<br />
are not listed. To find <strong>Echinocereus</strong> xxx var. xxx fa. yyy look<br />
under <strong>Echinocereus</strong> xxx fa. yyy. Synonyms are listed<br />
chronologically.<br />
While this edition of the Index was in press, new names and<br />
recombinations became available, from the new monography Echi
usato nel basionimo. Gli autonimi (come <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer<br />
var. acifer) non sono elencati. Per trovare <strong>Echinocereus</strong> xxx<br />
var. xxx fa. yyy, occorre cercare sotto <strong>Echinocereus</strong> xxx fa. yyy.<br />
I sinonimi sono elencati cronologicamente.<br />
Mentre questa edizione dell’Index era in stampa, sono apparsi<br />
nuovi nomi e nuove combinazioni, in particolare nella<br />
monografia <strong>Echinocereus</strong> di Blum, Lange, Rischer e Rutow,<br />
la cui pubblicazione è prevista per la primavera 1998 in<br />
Germania. Questi nomi sono elencati come addenda alla<br />
fine dell’Index. Il simbolo (•) aggiunto a una voce<br />
dell’Index suggerisce al lettore di consultare gli Addenda<br />
per ulteriori sinonimi. ❁<br />
Le illustrazioni<br />
I<br />
n questo fascicolo speciale di Cactus & Co., l’<strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
Index è arricchito da una documentazione fotografica.<br />
Abbiamo deciso di limitarci (con alcune poche eccezioni)<br />
ai nomi primari per i quali l’identificazione del<br />
taxon è ragionevolmente certa. Ciò ha portato all’esclusione<br />
di molti vecchi nomi. Abbiamo cercato di fornire<br />
una documentazione fotografica il più completa possibile.<br />
Speriamo che i lettori possano trovare utile il nostro<br />
lavoro per l’identificazione e la comparazione e trarre diletto<br />
dalle numerose immagini di splendide piante. Diverse<br />
persone hanno generosamente contribuito mettendo a<br />
disposizione le loro fotografie e fornendo innumerevoli<br />
suggerimenti e commenti. In particolare desideriamo esprimere<br />
la nostra gratitudine a Bill Beaston, Duke Benadom,<br />
Leonardo Gavazzi, Bill LaHaye, Michel Lange, Woody<br />
Minnich, Martina e Andreas Ohr, Steve Plath. Nella sezione<br />
dedicata all’iconografia sono comunque fornite tutte<br />
le indicazioni sugli autori delle foto. Occorre notare che<br />
nelle didascalie che accompagnano ciascuna foto, il primo<br />
nome è una voce primaria riportata nell’Index (in neretto)<br />
o un altro nome presente nell’Index. Quando c’è, il<br />
secondo nome (fra parentesi tonde) indica il sinonimo<br />
tassonomico secondo la trattazione di N. P. Taylor (sono<br />
stati esaminati: Taylor 1985b, 1988, 1989 e 1993). Ciò è<br />
stato fatto a beneficio del lettore e non implica necessariamente<br />
l’accettazione della classificazione proposta da<br />
Taylor. Infine, per qualsiasi errore, sfortunatamente sempre<br />
possibile, la responsabilità è unicamente del curatore.<br />
(L. Di Martino) ❁<br />
La pianta qui riprodotta sembrerebbe una forma di E.<br />
chloranthus. Tuttavia presenta fiori molto più grandi di<br />
quelli tipici della specie (con petali lunghi circa 5 cm).<br />
È stata raccolta da Woody Minnich presso la stazione<br />
microonde di Conejos, al confine fra gli stati messicani<br />
di Chihuahua e Durango.<br />
The plant reproduced here looks like a form of E . chloranthus.<br />
However, it has strikingly large flowers (petals up to 2"<br />
long) for that species. It was collected by Woody Minnich, near<br />
Conejos Microwave Station , at the border between Chihuahua<br />
and Durango, Mexico.<br />
(Foto e commento/Photo and comment: W. S. LaHaye)<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
25<br />
nocereus by Blum, Lange, Rischer & Rutow, to be published in<br />
Germany in Spring 1998. These are fully listed as addenda at the<br />
end of the Index. The symbol (•) under an Index name addresses<br />
the reader to the Addenda section for further synonyms. ❁<br />
On iconography<br />
In this <strong>Special</strong> <strong>Issue</strong> of Cactus & Co. the <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
Index is supplemented by photographic documentation. We<br />
chose to restrict ourselves (with only few exceptions) to primary<br />
Index names, for which the identification of the taxon involved<br />
was reasonably certain. This excluded several old names. Subject<br />
to this condition, we tried to make the iconographic supplement as<br />
comprehensive as possible.<br />
We hope that the readers will find our work useful for identifications<br />
and comparisons, and will have fun looking at the plethora of<br />
beautiful <strong>Echinocereus</strong> forms.<br />
Several people have generously contributed with their slides, and<br />
innumerable tips and comments. In particular, we wish to thank<br />
Bill Beaston, Duke Benadom, Leonardo Gavazzi, Bill LaHaye,<br />
Michael Lange, Woody Minnich, Martina and Andreas Ohr, and<br />
Steve Plath.<br />
Specific credits, and full data about the illustrated plants, are<br />
listed at the end of the Index (section: Index Iconography).<br />
Please note that in the photo captions, the first name is a primary<br />
index name (boldface), or another index name. When existing<br />
and relevant, the second name (in italics, within round brackets)<br />
indicates, for the reader’s convenience, the taxonomical synonym<br />
according to the treatment by N. P. Taylor (examined: Taylor 1985b,<br />
1988, 1989 and 1993). This does not necessarily imply the<br />
acceptance, in each individual case, of Taylor’s classification with<br />
respect to other organizations of the Genus.<br />
Finally, for any errors or misidentifications, unfortunately always<br />
possible, the responsibility rests entirely upon the editor. (L. Di<br />
Martino) ❁
ECHINOCEREUS Engelmann 1848a:91.<br />
Type: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus Engelmann.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> abbeae Parsons 1937:6.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sonora, Delta Bacuachic River, 30 m (29º49’N, 111º51’W), S. H. Parsons, 2 Mar. 1932 (?).<br />
Note: Listed erroneously as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fenderi var. albiflorus (Backeberg 1960:2047, Bravo 1991:70).<br />
Taylor (1985b:50) treats this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. fasciculatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) Jacobi 1856:109.<br />
basionym: Cereus acifer Otto ex Salm-Dyck 1850:189.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:180 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. acifer (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) Bravo 1978:66.<br />
Note: Taylor (1984:159) uses the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. densus for this species. Cereus acifer* Otto ex<br />
Förster 1846:433 nom. nud. is usually considered a synonym of this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer Jacobi).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. brevispinulus Jacobi 1856:109-110.<br />
TL: Mexico.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. diversispinus Schumann 1897:287.<br />
TL: Mexico, Coahuila & Durango.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. durangensis (Poselger ex Rümpler) Schumann 1897:287 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> durangensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer subsp. huitcholensis (Weber) Lange 1994:109 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> huitcholensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. longispinus* Haage 1892:116 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. tenuispinus Jacobi 1856:109.<br />
TL: North America.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. trichacanthus Hort. ex Hildmann 1891:44.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Cereus acinaciformis* Steudel 1841:333 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />
Cereus acinaciformis* Hort. Berol. ex Salm-Dyck 1845:27 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />
Cereus aciniformis* Otto 1833:336 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. crassior (according to Pfeiffer 1837:101).<br />
Cereus aciniformis* Hort. Berol. ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. crassior.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus Engelmann 1848a:104.<br />
TL: Chihuahua, Cosihuiriachi, 1900 m, Wislizenus, 1846 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus adustus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. adustus (Engelmann) Daul 1890:78.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. adustus (Engelmann) Voss 1894:378.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. adustus* Schumann 1897:271.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. adustus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Borg 1937:174.<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> radians and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rufispinus are usually considered synonyms of this species.<br />
Cereus adustus var. radians (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> radians.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus var. schwarzii (Lau) Taylor 1985a:268 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> schwarzii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> aggregatus* Rydberg 1906:146 nom. illegit. = Mammillaria aggregata* Engelmann 1848b:157. nom. prov. (Rydberg used<br />
this name instead of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus) (•).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> aguirrei* Glass 1965:160 nom. nud. (a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albatus* Backeberg 1960:2007-2008 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:2007 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus var. albatus* Sterk 1980:12-13 nom. inval.<br />
Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> nivosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albiflorus Weingart 1933:156.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Halbinger (?).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. albiflorus (Weingart) Backeberg 1960:2047.<br />
Note: Backeberg 1960:2047 and Bravo 1991:70 erroneously list <strong>Echinocereus</strong> abbeae as a synonym of this species. Taylor<br />
(1985b) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albiflorus* Lowry 1937:20 nom. nud. (probably a white flowering form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus Lahman 1935:143.<br />
TL: Oklahoma, Medicine Park, Lahman (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. albispinus (Lahman) Backeberg 1941:4.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus var. albispinus* Backeberg 1960:2010.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albispinus (Lahman) Benson 1969b:127.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. baileyi fa. albispinus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />
Note: The name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albispinus is used for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi by Benson (1969b:127).<br />
Taylor (1985b) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. baileyi.<br />
26
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
1. E. acifer (E. polyacanthus var. densus). 2. E. acifer (E. polyacanthus<br />
var. densus).<br />
5. “E. amoenus”.<br />
3. E. adustus.<br />
27<br />
4. E. albispinus (E. reichenbachii var. baileyi).<br />
6. “E. amoenus”.
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:2007 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albatus*.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus (Dietrich) Weber ex Haage 1892:116.<br />
basionym: Echinopsis amoena Dietrich 1844:187-188.<br />
TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, near San Mateo 7500 ft., Ehrenberg (?).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Echinopsis pulchella var. flore kermesina Haage ex Förster 1846:364. pro syn.<br />
Echinopsis pulchella var. amoena (Dietrich) Förster 1846:364.<br />
Echinopsis pulchella var. rosea* Labouret 1853:292. pro syn.<br />
Cereus amoenus (Dietrich) Hemsley 1880:540.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. amoenus (Dietrich) Förster ex Schumann 1897:253.<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus is usually attributed to Schumann 1894:185. Taylor (1989:75) notes that the plant usually<br />
known in cultivation as “<strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus” is instead a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> weinbergii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus var. aguirre* Zehnter & Kuenzler Catalogue nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> aguirrei*.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> angusticeps Clover 1935:79.<br />
TL: Texas, Hidalgo Co., Linn, Clover 15261 (MICH).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus var. angusticeps (Clover) Marshall & Bock 1941:119.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. angusticeps (Clover) Benson 1969b:260.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. angusticeps (Clover) Benson 1976:59.<br />
Note: Benson uses the names <strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. angusticeps and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. angusticeps<br />
for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> anneacanthus Daul 1890:73.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus Rose ex Orcutt 1926:3.<br />
TL: Arizona, Boundary Monument between Pinal & Gila Counties, 4700 ft., C. R. Orcutt, July 1922 (NY).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) Benson 1969a:21.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) Ferguson 1989:221.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus subsp. matudae (Bravo) Rutow in Lange & Rutow 1994:51 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> matudae.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> armatus (Poselger) Poselger ex Backeberg & Knuth 1935:318 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> arrojadei Löfgren (from Brazil and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> australis* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:2045 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi Rose 1909b:403.<br />
TL: Oklahoma, Wichita Mtns., V. Bailey, Aug. 1906 (US 53167).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. baileyi (Rose) Taylor 1985b:133.<br />
Note: The name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albispinus is used for this species by Benson (1969b:127 ).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. albispinus (Lahman) Backeberg 1941:4 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus Lahman.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. brunispinus Backeberg 1941:4.<br />
TL: Oklahoma, Wichita Mtns.<br />
Note: Backeberg 1960:2010 lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> oklahomensis as synonyms of this variety.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. caespiticus* Backeberg 1960:2011 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. flavidispinus Backeberg 1941:4.<br />
TL: Oklahoma, Wichita Mtns.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. roseispinus Backeberg 1941:4.<br />
TL: Oklahoma, Wichita Mtns.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barcelona* Orcutt 1926:4 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barcena* Rebut ex Hirscht 1896:126 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barcena Fobe 1911:56.<br />
TL: unknown (from central Mexico according to Borg 1937:178).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barcena* Rebut ex Berger 1929 nom. illegit. (later homonym) (perhaps a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> barcena Fobe).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barkeana* Heyer 1989:25. nom. nud. (= Lau 1101) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rayonesensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barthelowanus Britton & Rose 1922:41.<br />
TL: Baja California, Isla Magdalena, Santa Maria Bay, J. N. Rose, 18 Mar. 1911 (US 16278).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bergeanus* Haage 1900:156 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandianus* Orcutt 1926:3 (error in spelling for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri (Engelmann) Haage 1859:19.<br />
basionym: Cereus berlandieri Engelmann 1856:286 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:38, t. 58).<br />
TL: Texas, Nueces River, Berlandier 2423, Apr. 1834 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blankii* Hort. ex Palmer 1865:92 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. berlandieri (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:1999.<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgerianus is usually considered a synonym of this species. This species is often erroneously treated<br />
as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. angusticeps (Clover) Benson 1976:59 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> angusticeps.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. blanckii* Fournier 1935:21 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii.<br />
28
8. E. arizonicus (E. coccineus).<br />
11. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> barthelowanus.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
7. E. angusticeps (E. papillosus var. angusticeps).<br />
9. E. baileyi (E. reichenbachii<br />
var. baileyi).<br />
13. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri.<br />
29<br />
12. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> barthelowanus.<br />
10. E. baileyi var. brunispinus<br />
(E. reichenbachii var. baileyi).
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. longispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:163 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) Benson 1976:59 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bertinii (Cels) Schelle = Austrocactus bertinii.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bicolor Galeotti (error in spelling for Echinocactus bicolor).<br />
Cereus bigelovii* Engelmann 1857:t. 4 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis.<br />
Cereus bigelovii var. zuniensis* Engelmann 1857:t. 4 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis var. zuniensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii (Poselger) Poselger ex Rümpler 1885:779.<br />
basionym: Cereus blanckii Poselger 1853:134.<br />
TL: Tamaulipas, near Camargo, Poselger (?).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. blanckii* Fournier 1935:21 nom. illegit.<br />
Note: This name has been errroneously applied to <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri. Taylor 1985b lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii as a<br />
synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. brevispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. angusticeps (Clover) Benson 1969b:260 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> angusticeps.<br />
Note: This is the name Benson uses for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. berlandieri (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:1999 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. inermis* Heyer 1989:26 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> morricalii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. leonensis (Mathsson) Backeberg 1960:1999 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leonensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) Benson 1969d:126 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. poselgerianus (Linke) Backeberg 1960:1999 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgerianus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blankii* Hort. ex Palmer 1865:92 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bolansis* Runge ex Haage 1892:117 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> boliviensis Poselger ex Schumann 1897:290 (from Bolivia and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonatzii Römer 1995:98-113.<br />
TL: Durango, Sierra Mezquital, H. J. Bonatz 12388 (ZSS).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pamanesiorum subsp. bonatzii (Römer) Römer 1997:45.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonkerae Thornber & Bonker 1932:71-73, 85.<br />
TL: Arizona, Pinal Mtns. near Oracle, Thornber & Bonker (ARIZ 156240).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Benson 1944:260.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Peebles 1949:191-192.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Benson 1969a:21.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. bonkerae* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996. nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii Orcutt 1926:4.<br />
TL: Arizona, Boyce-Thompson Arboretum, Orcutt (?).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) Benson 1944:260.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) Benson 1969a:22.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. boyce-thompsonii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Peebles 1949:191-192 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonkerae.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> brandegeei (Coulter) Coulter ex Schumann 1897:290.<br />
basionym: Cereus brandegeei Coulter 1896:389.<br />
TL: Baja California, between El Campo Aleman & San Gregorio, T. S. Brandegee, 1889 (UC).<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mamillatus and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanborgianus are usually considered synonyms of this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> brenbergii* Lowry 1933:410 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bristolii Marshall 1938:160-161.<br />
TL: Sonora, Soyopa, 5000 ft., Bristol & Marshall, 1934 (DS 251175).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. bristolii (Marshall) Marshall 1956b:81.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bristolii var. pseudopectinatus Taylor 1985b:120 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pseudopectinatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1848a:110.<br />
basionym: Cereus caespitosus Engelmann 1845:247.<br />
TL: Texas, Austin Co., Near Cat Springs, Lindheimer, June 1845 (MO).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
Cereus caespitosus var. minor* Engelmann 1856:280 (based on same type as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. caespitosus (Engelmann) Schumann 1897:272.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. minor* Engelmann ex Weniger 1970:22 nom. inval.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. caespitosus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus is usually treated as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. adustus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Borg 1937:174 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. armatus (Poselger) Poselger ex Borg 1937:174 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. candicans* Hort. ex Borg 1937:174 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:811.<br />
basionym: Cereus caespitosus var. castaneus Engelmann 1850:203.<br />
TL: Texas, Granitic region of the Llano, Lindheimer, 1847 (MO).<br />
30
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
15. E. bonatzii.<br />
14. ?E. blanckii. 16. E. bonkerae (E. fasciculatus<br />
var. bonkerae).<br />
17. E. bonkerae (E. fasciculatus var. bonkerae). 18. E. boyce-thompsonii (E. fasciculatus<br />
var. boyce-thompsonii).<br />
19. E. boyce-thompsonii (E. fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii).<br />
21. E. brandegeei. 20. E. brandegeei.<br />
31
22. E. brandegeei.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
24. E. bristolii. 23. E. bristolii.<br />
25. E. bristolii.<br />
27. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii). 26. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii).<br />
32
29. E. caespitosus var. castaneus (E. reichenbachii).<br />
31. E. chisoensis.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
28. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii).<br />
33<br />
30. E. carnosus (?E. enneacanthus var. brevispinus).<br />
32. E. chisoensis.
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus reichenbachii var. castaneus (Engelmann) Labouret 1853:319.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. castaneus (Engelmann) Daul 1890:78.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> castaneus (Engelmann) Orcutt 1926:3.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. jamauvei* Fric ex Orcutt 1926:4 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. adustus fa. castaneus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Schelle 1926:174.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. castaneus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:50.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. chrysacanthus (Schumann) Schumann ex Borg 1937:174 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. chrysacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. major (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:811.<br />
basionym: Cereus caespitosus var. major Engelmann 1856:280.<br />
TL: Texas, New Braunfels, Lindheimer, 1851 (MO).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. minor* Engelmann ex Weniger 1970:22 nom. inval.<br />
basionym: Cereus caespitosus var. minor* Engelmann 1856:280, which was a new name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. caespitosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. perbellus* Weniger 1970:23 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> perbellus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. purpureus* Weniger 1970:23 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> purpureus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. reichenbachii* Ters. ex Borg 1937:174 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. rubescens* Hort. ex Borg 1951:221 nom. inval (no Latin diagnosis).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. rufispinus (Schumann) Schumann ex Borg 1951:221 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rufispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. tamaulipensis (Fric) Fric ex Borg 1937:174 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. tamaulipensis.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> candicans Rümpler = Echinopsis candicans.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> candicans var. tenuispinus Rümpler = Echinopsis candicans<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> candicans* Rünge ex Haage 1900:157 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> canyonensis Clover & Jotter 1941:417-418.<br />
TL: Arizona, Coconino Co., Bass Cable, Grande Canyon, Clover & Jotter 2317 (MICH).<br />
Note: Taylor (1985b) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> carnosus Rümpler 1885:796-797.<br />
TL: Texas<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. carnosus (Rümpler) Schelle 1907:127.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> castaneus (Engelmann) Orcutt 1926:3 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> centralis Rose = Echinomastus centralis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cereiformis* Auct. ? (Kakteenkunde 1935:1) nom. inval. (no Latin diagnosis).<br />
Note: Taylor (1985b) lists this name as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cernosus* Fric 1929:24 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chihuahuensis* Shields 1961:4 nom. inval. (no Latin diagnosis).<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chiloensis (Colla) Console & Lemaire = Echinopsis chiloensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chisoensis Marshall 1940:15.<br />
TL: Texas, Chisos Mtns., F. Radley, 10 Apr. 1939 (DS 263216).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. chisoensis (Marshall) Benson 1969d:127.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chisoensis var. fobeanus (Oehme) Taylor 1985a:261 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fobeanus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus (Engelmann) Haage 1859:19.<br />
basionym: Cereus chloranthus Engelmann 1856:278-279 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:29).<br />
TL: Texas, stony hills near Frontera (El Paso), Wright 95, 2 Apr. 1852 (MO 2016809).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. chloranthus (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:2015.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus fa. chloranthus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:51.<br />
Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:814.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. albispinus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. cylindricus (Engelmann) Taylor 1984:169 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. cylindricus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. flaviflorus* Hort. nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. flavispinus* Ito 1952:133 nom. inval. (no Latin diagnosis).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. longisetus* Hort. nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. milleri* Höchstätter Seed List 1997 nom. nud. (see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> milleri*).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. neocapillus Weniger 1969:39-41.<br />
TL: Texas, 5 to 10 miles south of Marathon, Weniger 711 (UNM).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. neocapillus (Weniger) Leuck 1980:35-36.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. neocapillus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. roseiflorus* Ito 1981 (according to Evanich 1989:103) nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. russanthus (Weniger) Lamb ex Rowley 1974a:7 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. senilis* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. vulpis-cauda* Chudleigh 1967:43 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus subsp. weedinii* Höchstätter Seed List 1997 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. weedinii.<br />
34
33. E. chloranthus (E. viridiflorus var. chloranthus).<br />
36. E. cinerascens.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
34. E. chloranthus var. neocapillus.<br />
35<br />
35. E. chloranthus var. neocapillus.<br />
37. E. cinerascens var. septentrionalis.
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chlorophthalmus (Hooker) Britton & Rose 1913:242.<br />
basionym: Echinocactus chlorophthalmus Hooker 1848:t. 4373.<br />
TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, Real del Monte.<br />
Note: This species is often considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chrysocentrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Orcutt 1926:4 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. chrysocentrus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens* Lemaire 1868:56 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens (De Candolle) De Candolle ex Rümpler 1885:786.<br />
basionym: Cereus cinerascens De Candolle 1828:116.<br />
TL: Mexico, Zimapan, Coulter 23 (?).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus acinaciformis* Steudel 1841:333 pro syn.<br />
Cereus acinaciformis* Hort. Berol. ex Salm-Dyck 1845:27 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> deppei *(Salm-Dyck) Schumann 1895:123 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> undulatus* Hildmann ex Schumann 1895:124 pro syn.<br />
Cereus deppei* Hort. Berol. ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn.<br />
Note: Cereus deppei, <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cirrhiferus and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> glycimorphus are usually considered synonyms of<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. caesius* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:169 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. crassior (De Candolle) De Candolle ex Rümpler 1885:786-787.<br />
basionym: Cereus cinerascens var. crassior De Candolle 1828:116.<br />
TL: Mexico, Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus aciniformis* Otto 1833:336 nom. nud.<br />
Cereus aciniformis* Hort. Berol. ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Bravo 1974:47 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ehrenbergii.<br />
Cereus cinerascens var. fendleri (Engelmann) Bois 1928:371 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. schmidtii* Haage 1900:157 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. septentrionalis Taylor 1988:68-69.<br />
TL: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, Entronque Huizache, Taylor 281, 10 July 1986 (MEXU).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. tenuior (De Candolle) De Candolle ex Rümpler 1885:776.<br />
basionym: Cereus cinerascens var. tenuior De Candolle 1828:116.<br />
TL: Mexico, Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. tulensis Taylor 1988:69 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> tulensis.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinnabarinus (Hooker) Schumann = Echinopsis cinnabarina.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cirrhiferus (Labouret) Labouret ex Rümpler 1885:778.<br />
basionym: Cereus cirrhiferus Labouret 1853:311.<br />
TL: Mexico.<br />
Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> clavatus Schumann = Eridisia spiniflora.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> claviformis (Regel & Klein) Haage 1893:22.<br />
basionym: Cereus claviformis Regel & Klein 1860:46.<br />
TL: Mexico, Karwinsky (?).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus Engelmann 1848a:93.<br />
TL: New Mexico, Wolf Creek, Wislizenus, 24 June 1846 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus coccineus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:51 nom. illegit. (not Cereus coccineus Salm-Dyck 1828).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:788 nom. illegit. see Cereus phoeniceus Engelmann 1856:284.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanacanthus* Engelmann ex Earl 1963:61 (printing error).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. coccineus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:117.<br />
Note: Benson uses the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus for this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. arizonicus (Orcutt) Ferguson 1989:221 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. conoideus* Weniger 1970:42 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conoideus.<br />
Cereus coccineus var. cylindricus Engelmann 1849:51.<br />
TL: New Mexico, Mtns. near Santa Fe, Fendler, 17 Sept. 1846 (MO).<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. coccineus and has never been<br />
recombined with the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. gurneyi (Benson) Heil & Brack 1988:26 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. gurneyi.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis (Schumann) Purpus 1925:49.<br />
basionym: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus var. inermis Schumann 1896a:150.<br />
TL: Colorado, Mesa Grande, Tongue Creek, C. A. Purpus (?).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. inermis (Schumann) Arp 1973:132-133.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. mojavensis fa. inermis (Schumann) Ferguson 1989:219.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus fa. inermis* Alabaster 1994:105 nom. inval.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis fa. inermis* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. kunzei (Gürke) Backeberg 1960:2070 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> kunzei.<br />
36
38. E. coccineus.<br />
40. E. coccineus var. inermis (E. coccineus).<br />
42. E. conglomeratus (E. stramineus).<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
37<br />
39. E. coccineus.<br />
41. E. coccineus var. inermis (E. coccineus).<br />
43. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus).
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Cereus coccineus var. melanacanthus Engelmann 1849:51.<br />
TL: New Mexico, Santa Fe, Fendler, 26 Nov. 1846 (MO).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus (Engelmann) Benson 1944:254.<br />
Note: The latter is the name Benson applies to <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. nudus* Auct. ? (CSJ 35:194) nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. octacanthus* Boissevain & Davidson 1940:39 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> octacantus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. paucispinus (Engelmann) Ferguson 1989:222 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus fa. rosei* Blum 1990:13 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />
Cereus concolor Schott 1857:ii.<br />
TL: Texas, Pecos County, Escondido Springs (apparently some form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus or <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus that<br />
has never been formally transferred to the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus Blanc 1890:56.<br />
TL: Nuevo Leon, Rinconada, Mathsson, 24 Sept. 1889 (?)(according to Schumann 1897:278).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bolansis* Runge ex Haage 1892:117 pro syn.<br />
Cereus conglomeratus (Blanc) Berger 1905:81.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. conglomeratus (Blanc) Benson 1974:80.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. conglomeratus (Blanc) Bravo 1974:47.<br />
Note: This plant is usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus Förster ex Schumann 1897:278.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus var. robustior* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> conoideus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:807.<br />
basionym: Cereus conoideus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:284 (fuller description Engelmann 1857:35).<br />
TL: New Mexico, Anton Chico, J. M. Bigelow, 24 Sept. 1853 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus phoeniceus* subsp. conoideus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann 1857:37.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. conoideus Schumann 1896:150.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. conoideus* Weniger 1970:42 nom. inval.<br />
Note: This species is usually treated as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> crispatus* Mathsson 1890:464 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides Engelmann ex Rümpler).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:819.<br />
basionym: Cereus ctenoides Engelmann 1856:279 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:31).<br />
TL: Coahuila, between Eagle Pass & Santa Rosa, Bigelow, Jan. 1853 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. ctenoides (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:2021.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ctenoides* Weniger 1971:31 nom. inval. (no basionym given).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ctenoides (Engelmann) Weniger ex Frank 1991:135.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus subsp. ctenoides (Engelmann) Frank 1997:136.<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. wenigeri is considered by Frank (1997) to be a synonym of this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cucumis Werdermann 1949:3-4.<br />
TL: unknown (received from Hummel in 1937 without location noted, but probably from Sonora, Mexico).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> noctiflorus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:1991 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nocturniflorus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:1991 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. gentryi cultivar ‘Cucumis’ (Werdermann) Taylor 1984:155.<br />
Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gentryi.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dahliaflorus* (an April fool prank name in Möllers Deutche Gärter-Zeitung 15:148 (1900)).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus Engelmann 1848a:100.<br />
TL: Chihuahua, Mtns. near Cd. Juarez, Wislizenus (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />
Cereus deflexispinus* Monville ex Labouret 1853:321 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Haage 1892:118.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus* Earle 1971:80 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus* Taylor 1984:179 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
Note: Benson uses the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. neomexicanus for this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. ctenoides (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:2021 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. hildmannii* Arendt ex Weniger 1970:33 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hildmannii.<br />
Cereus dasyacanthus var. minor* Engelmann 1856:278 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri.<br />
Note: This name is rejected by the author in his addenda of corrections and replaced by <strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri.<br />
Cereus dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus Coulter 1896:384.<br />
TL: Southeastern New Mexico (actually Pecos County, Texas) Wright 366 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. neomexicanus (Coulter) Benson 1944:256.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus* Coulter ex Weniger 1970:32 nom. inval.<br />
38
44. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus).<br />
46. E. cucumis (E. scheeri var. gentryi).<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
48. E. dasyacanthus. 49. E. dasyacanthus.<br />
39<br />
45. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus).<br />
47. E. dasyacanthus.
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Note: Benson uses the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. neomexicanus for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus. The original var.<br />
neomexicanus was probably a natural hybrid (see Zimmerman 1993).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus* Coulter ex Weniger 1970:32 nom. inval. (no basionym given).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. rectispinus Trocha & Fethke 1991:31-40.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, near Villa Ahumada, Fiehn 1979 (Hamburg Herbarium).<br />
Synonym (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rectispinus* Zimmerman 1993:277 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Marshall & Bock 1941:119 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. rubrus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
Cereus dasyacanthus var. spurius Labouret 1853:321.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Synonym:<br />
Cereus deflexispinus var. spurius* Monville ex Labouret 1853:321 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. steereae (Clover) Marshall 1945:115 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> steereae.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> davisii Houghton 1931:466.<br />
TL: Texas, 4 miles south of Marathon, 4000 ft., Houghton 700 (US 1566585).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. davisii (Houghton) Marshall & Bock 1941:119.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus fa. davisii (Houghton) Krainz 1967:51.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> decumbens Clover & Jotter 1941:417.<br />
TL: Arizona, Coconino Co., Mile 16+ Marble Canyon, Clover & Jotter 2212 (MICH).<br />
Synonym (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) Benson 1944:258.<br />
Cereus deflexispinus* Monville ex Labouret 1853:321 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />
Cereus deflexispinus* var. spurius Monville ex Labouret 1853:321 pro syn. see Cereus dasyacanthus var. spurius.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> degandii* Rebut ex Schumann 1895:123 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> delaetii (Gürke) Gürke 1909b:131.<br />
basionym: Cephalocereus delaetii Gürke 1909a:116-121.<br />
TL: unknown (probably Sierra Paila, Coahuila).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus var. delaetii (Gürke) Taylor 1988:79.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> delaetii var. freudenbergeri (Frank) Taylor 1985b:97 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> freudenbergeri.<br />
Cereus deppei Salm-Dyck 1834:338.<br />
TL: Mexico.<br />
Note: This species is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />
Cereus deppei* Hort. Berol. ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />
Cereus deppei* Hort. Paris ex Salm-Dyck 1845:27 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> deppei* (Salm-Dyck) Schumann 1895:123 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> depressus* Haage 1900:157 nom. nud.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> diguetii* Hort. nom. nud. = Cereus diguetii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dubius (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:787.<br />
basionym: Cereus dubius Engelmann 1856:282-283 (fuller description in Engelmann 1859:36).<br />
TL: Texas, Hudspeth Co. near Rio Grande, Wright, 19 June 1852 (MO).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. dubius (Engelmann) Benson 1969d:127.<br />
Note: This species is usually considered to be a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. enneacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> durangensis Poselger ex Rümpler 1885:799.<br />
TL: Mexico, Durango.<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. durangensis (Poselger ex Rümpler) Schumann 1897:287.<br />
Note: Taylor (1985b) lists this name as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> durangensis var. nigrispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:800.<br />
TL: Mexico, Durango.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> durangensis var. rufispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:800.<br />
TL: Mexico, Durango.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Pfeiffer ex Rümpler 1885:775.<br />
basionym: Cererus ehrenbergii Pfeiffer 1840:282.<br />
TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, Mineral del Monte (according to Schumann 1897:262), Ehrenberg (?).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Backeberg 1960:2003.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Bravo 1974:47.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> emoryi (Engelmann) Rümpler = Bergerocactus emoryi.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii* Lemaire 1868:56 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii Parry ex Rümpler).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii (Parry ex Engelmann) Parry ex Rümpler 1885:805.<br />
basionym: Cereus engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann 1852:328.<br />
TL: California, Mtns. near San Felipe, Parry (?).<br />
40
50. E. dasyacanthus var. rectispinus.<br />
52. E. davisii (E. viridiflorus var. davisii).<br />
54. E. delaetii (E. longisetus var. delaetii).<br />
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41<br />
51. E. dasyacanthus var. rectispinus.<br />
53. E. delaetii (E. longisetus var. delaetii).<br />
55. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus).
56. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus).<br />
58. E. ehrenbergii (E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii).<br />
60. E. engelmannii.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
42<br />
57. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus).<br />
59. E. ehrenbergii (E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii).<br />
61. E. engelmannii.
62. E. engelmannii.<br />
64. E. engelmannii var. armatus.<br />
66. E. engelmannii var. armatus, E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus.<br />
68. E. engelmannii var. howei.<br />
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43<br />
63. E. engelmannii var. acicularis.<br />
65. E. engelmannii var. armatus.<br />
67. E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus.<br />
69. E. engelmannii var. howei.
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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. acicularis Benson 1969a:22.<br />
TL: Arizona Maricopa Co., Crossing of New River, south side of Black Canyon Refuge, 1300 ft., Benson 16,616, 20 Apr. 1966<br />
(POM 311313).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. albispinus* Cels ex Schumann 1897:276 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. armatus Benson 1969c:33.<br />
TL: California, San Bernardino Co., Dead Man Point, Benson 14,767, 1 Apr. 1951 (POM 284927).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. bonkerae* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonkerae.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. boyce-thompsonii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. caespitosus* Orcutt 1897:276 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. chrysocentrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:806.<br />
basionym: Cereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:283 (fuller description in<br />
Engelmann 1857:35).<br />
TL: Arizona, Bill Williams River, J. M. Bigelow, 13 Feb. 1854 (MO).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chrysocentrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Orcutt 1926:4.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) Benson 1944:258 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> decumbens.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. fasciculatus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. fulvispinus* Cels ex Schumann 1897:276 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. howei Benson 1974:80.<br />
TL: California, San Bernardino Co., east of Goffs, D. F. Howe 4,570 (POM 317,886).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. munzii (Parish) Pierce & Fosberg 1933:123 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> munzii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. nicholii Benson 1944:258.<br />
TL: Arizona, Pima Co., Silver Bell Mtns., Benson 10,720, 28 Mar. 1941 (ARIZ 34989).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nicholii (Benson) Parfitt 1987:157-158.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. pfersdorffii* Heyder ex Schumann 1897:276 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. purpureus Benson 1969d:126-127.<br />
TL: Utah, Washington Co., north of St. George, 2900 ft., Benson 13,637, 5 May 1949 (POM 285578).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. robustior* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. robustior* Hildmann ex Hirscht 1894:194 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. variegatus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:806.<br />
basionym: Cereus engelmannii var. variegatus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:283 (fuller description in Engelmann<br />
1857:35).<br />
TL: Arizona, Cactus Mtns. at head of Bill Williams River, J. M. Bigelow, 1 Feb. 1854 (MO).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. versicolor* Hirscht 1894:194 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus Engelmann 1848a:111.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, near San Pablo, Wislizenus 244, 8 Apr. 1847 (MO 83797).<br />
Synonym:<br />
Cereus enneacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> lowryi* Lowry 1936:20 nom. nud. and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albiflorus* Lowry 1937:20 nom. nud. are<br />
probably forms of this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus fa. brevispinus Moore 1967:93-94.<br />
TL: Texas, Starr Co., 8 miles east of Rio Grande City, Clover, 31 Dec. 1953 (MICH).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. brevispinus (Moore) Benson 1969d:127.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. brevispinus (Moore) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus fa. brevispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. carnosus (Rümpler) Schelle 1907:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> carnosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. carnosus* Quehl 1908:114 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> carnosus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus fa. carnosus* is attributed incorrectly to Matthson ex Schumann by Bravo 1991:76.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. conglomeratus (Blanc) Benson 1974:80 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. dubius (Engelmann) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dubius.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. erectus* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus fa. intermedius Moore 1967:93.<br />
TL: Texas, Starr Co., off La Grulla Road, Clover, 23 Mar. 1953 (MICH).<br />
Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. brevispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. major* Schelle 1907:127 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. majus* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. stramineus (Engelmann) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus (Engelmann) Benson 1969a:21.<br />
basionym: Mammillaria fasciculata* Engelmann in Emory 1848:156. nom. prov.<br />
TL: Arizona, Graham Co., 6-7 miles east of Solomon (neotype - Benson 16633, 22 Apr. 1966 (POM 311339)).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. fasciculatus (Engelmann) Taylor 1985a:252.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. fasciculatus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />
Note: The validity of this name is uncertain. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustus is usually considered to be a synonym of this plant.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Benson 1969a:22 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonkerae.<br />
44
70. E. engelmannii var. nicholii (E. nicholii).<br />
72. E. engelmannii var. purpureus.<br />
74. E. engelmannii var. variegatus.<br />
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45<br />
71. E. engelmannii var. nicholii (E. nicholii).<br />
73. E. engelmannii var. variegatus.<br />
75. E. enneacanthus.
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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) Benson 1969a:21 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. rectispinus* Benson 1969a:131 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rectispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri (Engelmann) Loder 1882:445.<br />
basionym: Cereus fendleri Engelmann 1849:51.<br />
TL: New Mexico, near Santa Fe, Fendler 3, 1846 (MO).<br />
Synonym:<br />
Cereus cinerascens var. fendleri (Engelmann) Bois 1928:371.<br />
Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:801, or Senke ex Haage 1893:22.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. albiflorus (Weingart) Backeberg 1960:2047 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albiflorus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Benson 1944:260 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonkerae.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) Benson 1944:260 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. fasciculatus (Engelmann) Taylor 1985a:252 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. hempelii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hempelii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. kuenzleri (Castetter et al.) Benson 1982:942 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> kuenzleri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. ledingii (Peebles) Taylor 1985a:253 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ledingii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. major* Haage 1900:158 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. pauperculus (Engelmann) Schumann 1897:275.<br />
basionym: Cereus fendleri var. pauperculus Engelmann 1849:51.<br />
TL: New Mexico, near Santa Fe, Fendler, 4 Nov. 1846 (MO).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. rectispinus (Peebles) Benson 1944:259 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rectispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. robustus Fobe 1911:55 (not Benson 1944).<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. robustus* (Peebles) Benson 1944:259 nom. illegit (later homonym) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ferreirianus Gates 1953:8-11.<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja Calif. Norte, Isla Piojo, Bahia de los Angeles, H. E. Gates, 1934 (DS 375348).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ferreirianus var. lindsayi (Meyran) Taylor 1985b:46 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> lindsayi.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ferreirrae* Gates 1935:154 nom. nud. (= Gates number 550).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fiehnii* Lau 1992:74 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. fiehnii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> finnii* Hort. ex Taylor 1985 101 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. fiehnii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii Britton & Rose 1922:30.<br />
TL: Texas, near Laredo, Rose 18037, 1913 (US).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. fitchii (Britton & Rose) Benson 1969d:127.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii var. albertii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albertii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii var. armatus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flavescens (Pfeiffer) Rümpler = Haageocereus sp.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flavidiflorus* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flavidiflorus* Hildmann ex Schumann 1897:264 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leonensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flaviflorus (Coulter) Coulter ex Schumann 1897:274.<br />
basionym: Cereus flavidiflorus Engelmann ex Coulter 1896:391.<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja California, west of San Borgia, Gabb 10, 1867 (MO).<br />
Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flavispinus* Bailey 1941:270 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> floresii Backeberg 1949:5.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sinaloa, near Topolobampo, R. Flores & F. Schwarz (?).<br />
Synonym (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sciurus var. floresii (Backeberg) Taylor 1985b:115.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fobeanus Oehme 1940:49-50.<br />
TL: unknown (probably Coahuila).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chisoensis var. fobeanus (Oehme) Taylor 1985a:261.<br />
Note: Taylor (1993) lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> metornii as a synonym of this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fordtii* spelling error for Echinocactus fordtii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> freudenbergeri Frank 1981:102-105.<br />
TL: Mexico, Coahuila, 12 km south of Cuatro Cienegas, G. Freudenberger (ZSS AA18-27).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> delaetii var. freudenbergeri (Frank) Taylor 1985b:97.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> setosus* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:76 pro syn.<br />
Note: Taylor (1993) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> nivosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> galtieri* Hort. Grus. ex Schumann 1895:124 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> galtieri Rebut ex Fobe 1911:56.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. galtieri (Rebut ex Fobe) Schelle 1926:179.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> gentryi Clover 1938:565.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sonora, Cañon Saucito, H. S. Gentry, 1932 (MICH).<br />
46
76. E. enneacanthus.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
78. E. fasciculatus. 79. E. fendleri.<br />
80. E. fendleri.<br />
47<br />
77. E. enneacanthus fa. brevispinus (E.<br />
enneacanthus var. brevispinus).<br />
81. E. fendleri.
82. E. ferreirianus.<br />
84. E. fitchii (E. reichenbachii var. fitchii).<br />
86. E. floresii (E. sciurus var. floresii).<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
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48<br />
83. E. ferreirianus.<br />
85. E. floresii (E. sciurus var. floresii).<br />
87. E. fobeanus (E. chisoensis var. fobeanus).
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
88. E. fobeanus (E. chisoensis var. fobeanus). 89. E. freudenbergeri (E. nivosus).<br />
90. E. freudenbergeri (E. nivosus). 91. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi).<br />
92. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi). 93. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi).<br />
94. E. gonacanthus (E. triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus). 95. E. gonacanthus (E. triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus).<br />
49
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. gentryi (Clover) Taylor 1984:154.<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cucumis is usually considered a synonym of this species.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> gladiatus (Lemaire) Rümpler = Echinopsis gladiata.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> glycimorphus Förster ex Rümpler 1885:800.<br />
TL: unknown (Hidalgo near Ixmiquilpan and El Cardonal according to Schumann 1897:262).<br />
Synonym:<br />
Cereus glycimorphus (Förster ex Rümpler) Orcutt 1903:5.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> glycimorphus var. undulatus Schelle 1926:166.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Note: Schelle 1926:166 lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> undulatus* Hildmann as a synonym of this variety.<br />
Cereus glomeratus* Orcutt 1897:21 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus Loder).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Loder 1882:444.<br />
basionym: Cereus gonacanthus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:283 (fuller description Engelmann 1857:33).<br />
TL: Arizona, Apache Co., Jacobs Well, 40 miles west of Zuñi, J. M. Bigelow, 29 Nov. 1853 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schumann 1897:281.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Boissevain 1940:36.<br />
Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:806.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> grahamii (Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 20:47) error for Mammillaria grahamii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> grandis Britton & Rose 1922:18.<br />
TL: Mexico, Gulf of California, San Esteban Island, J. N. Rose 16823, 13 Apr. 1911 (US).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. grandis (Britton & Rose) Marshall 1955:68.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hancockii Dawson 1949:89-93.<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja California Sur, north side of San Hipolito Bay, E. Y. Dawson 6443, 4 Apr. 1949 (LAM).<br />
Synonym (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus var. hancockii (Dawson) Taylor 1985b:44.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> havermansii* Rebut ex Haage 1892:118 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> havernicki* Hildm. ex Schwarzbach & Bitter 1915:8 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hempelii Fobe 1897:187.<br />
TL: Mexico (probably Santa Clara Canyon, Chihuahua, Mexico).<br />
Synonym (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. hempelii * Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />
Note: Some authors treat <strong>Echinocereus</strong> kuenzleri as a synonym of this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hempelii var. centrispinus* Hort. nom. nud. (= HK 1489 from San Buenaventura, Chihuahua, Mexico).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:807.<br />
basionym: Cereus hexaedrus Engelmann & Bigelow Engelmann 1856:285 (fuller description Engelmann 1857:34).<br />
TL: Arizona, Apache County, 15 miles west of Zuñi, J. M. Bigelow, 28 Nov. 1853 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schumann 1897:281.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Boissevain 1940:36.<br />
Note: Listed by Taylor (1985b) as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hidalgensis* Hort. Berol. ex Backeberg 1962:3855-3856 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hildmannii Arendt 1892:146.<br />
TL: unknown (West Texas according to Schelle 1926:175).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. hildmannii* Arendt ex Weniger 1970:33 nom. inval.<br />
Note: This plant may be a natural hybrid (see Zimmermann 1993).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> huitcholensis (Weber) Gürke 1906:23.<br />
basionym: Cereus huitcholensis Weber 1904:383.<br />
TL: Mexico, Jalisco, Sierra de los Huitcholes, 1800 m, L. Diguet, May 1900 (P).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. huitcholensis (Weber) Taylor 1988:82.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer subsp. huitcholensis (Weber) Lange 1994:109.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hypogaeus (Weber ex Regel) Rümpler = Eridisia spiniflora.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> inermis* Haage ex Hirscht 1898:130 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> intricatus (Salm-Dyck) Rümpler = Echinopsis strigosa.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> jacobyi* Hort. ex Schumann 1897:278 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> merkeri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> joconosle* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus Liebner 1895:170.<br />
TL: unknown (relocated in Sierra Parras, Coahuila, Mexico by Glass & Foster).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> liebnerianus* Liebner ex Schumann 1896b:262 nom. nud.<br />
50
96. E. grandis.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
97. E. grandis.<br />
51<br />
98. E. grandis.<br />
99. E. hancockii (E. maritimus var. hancockii). 100. E. hancockii (E. maritimus var. hancockii).<br />
101. E. hempelii (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri).<br />
102. E. hempelii (E. fendleri<br />
var. kuenzleri).<br />
103. E. hempelii (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri).
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> inermis* Haage ex Hirscht 1898:130 pro syn.<br />
Cereus knippelianus (Liebner) Orcutt 1902:27.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus var. kruegeri Glass & Foster 1978b:80.<br />
TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, north of Ascencion near San Juanito, Glass & Foster 3902, 1 Mar. 1972 (POM) (•).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus var. reyesii Lau 1980:264-265.<br />
TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, between Siberia & Encantada, Lau 1237A, Apr. 1977 (POM) (•).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus var. siberi giberia* Heyer 1989:25 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> koehresianus* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:80 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> koehresii* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:80 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> krausei De Smet ex Rümpler 1885:789.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Note: This plant is usually listed as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> kroenleinii* Hort. nom. nud. see Wilcoxia kroenleinii.<br />
Wilcoxia kroenleinii Cartier 1980 (Succulentes 2(2):2-3).<br />
TL: unknown, HK 379 (P) (probably from Coahuila, Mexico).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgeri subsp. kroenleinii (Cartier) Lange 1995:138.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> kroenleinii* Hort.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> kuenzleri Castetter et al. 1976:77-78.<br />
TL: New Mexico, Otero Co., Sacramento Mtns., Elk, Kuenzler 3585, 5 May 1968 (UNM 55571).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pseudohempelii* Kuenzler Cat. nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. kuenzleri (Castetter et al.) Benson 1982:942.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> kunzei Gürke 1907:103-104.<br />
TL: Arizona, near Phoenix (southern New Mexico according to Britton & Rose 1922:31).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. kunzei (Gürke) Backeberg 1960:2070.<br />
Note: This plant may be a natural hybrid (see Zimmermann 1993).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> laboretianus Daul 1890:76.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Note: This plant is usually listed as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretianus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> laboretianus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretianus var. chrysacanthus* Haage 1900:159 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretianus var. gracilispinus* Haage 1900:159 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretianus var. sanguineus* Haage 1900:159 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretii* Förster ex Rümpler 1885:811 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> lamprochlorus (Lemaire) Rümpler = Echinopsis lamprochlora.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> laui Frank 1978:74-77.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sonora, east of Yecora, El Trigo Ranch, 1800 m, A. Lau 780, Jan. 1974 (ZSS AA18-24).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ledingii Peebles 1936:35.<br />
TL: Arizona, Graham Co., Mt. Graham, 4500 ft., Louis Wankum, 11 July 1935 (US 1634004).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. ledingii (Peebles) Taylor 1985a:253.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus Lemaire ex Rümpler).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus (Hooker) Lemaire ex Rümpler 1885:828.<br />
basionym: Cereus leeanus Hooker 1849:t. 4417.<br />
TL: Northern Mexico.<br />
Note: Often considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus var. multicostatus (Cels ex Rümpler) Schumann 1897:289 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> multicostatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leonensis Mathsson 1891:66.<br />
TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, near Monterrey, 1800 ft., Runge (?).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flaviflorus* Hildmann ex Schumann 1897:264 pro syn.<br />
Cereus leonensis (Mathsson) Berger 1905:80.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. leonensis (Mathsson) Backeberg 1960:1999.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. leonensis (Mathsson) Taylor 1985b:78.<br />
Cereus leptacanthus* De Candolle ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. subarticulatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leptacanthus Gaillard 1864:209 see Cereus leptacanthus De Candolle ex Salm Dyck 1845:27 (which was a new name for<br />
Cereus pentalophus var. subarticulatus De Candolle).<br />
Cereus leptacanthus var. crassior* De Candolle ex Förster 1846:373 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leptophus* Gässner Hauptverzeichnis 1937:6 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leucanthus Taylor 1985b:136-137 (new name needed because <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albiflorus was already used for another plant).<br />
basionym: Wilcoxia albiflora Backeberg 1952:16.<br />
TL: unknown (probably northwest Sinaloa, Mexico). (P) (cultivated material from Les Cedres).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> liebnerianus* Liebner ex Schumann1896b:262 nom. nud. (probably a printing error, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus).<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> limensis (Salm-Dyck) Rümpler = Haageocereus sp.<br />
52
106. E. huitcholensis (E. polyacanthus<br />
var. huitcholensis).<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
104. E. hidalgensis*. 105. E. huitcholensis (E. polyacanthus var. huitcholensis).<br />
53<br />
107. E. knippelianus.<br />
108. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri. 109. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri.
110. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
111. E. knippelianus var. reyesii (E. knippelianus var. kruegeri).<br />
112. E. knippelianus var. reyesii (E. knippelianus var. kruegeri). 113. Wilcoxia kroenleinii (E. poselgeri).<br />
114. E. kuenzleri (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri). 115. E. kuenzleri (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri).<br />
54
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
116. E. laui. 117. E. ledingii (E. fendleri var. ledingii).<br />
118. E. ledingii (E. fendleri var. ledingii). 119. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis).<br />
120. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis). 121. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus<br />
var. leonensis).<br />
55
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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> lindsayi Meyran 1975:80-83.<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja Calif. Norte, between Cataviña & Laguna Chapula, Meyran et al., 8 May 1975 in H. Sanchez-Mejorada 2424<br />
(MEXU).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ferreirianus var. lindsayi (Meyran) Taylor 1985b:46.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> lloydii Britton & Rose 1922:37-38.<br />
TL: Texas, Pecos Co., Tuna Springs, F. E. Lloyd, 26-28 Feb. 1909 (US 691964).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri var. lloydii (Britton & Rose) Backeberg 1960:2027.<br />
Note: This species is probably a natural hybrid.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus Engelmann ex Rümpler).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885: 822.<br />
basionym: Cereus longisetus Engelmann 1856:280 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:32-33, t. 45).<br />
TL: Mexico, Coahuila, Mtns. near Santa Rosa (Melchor Muzquiz), J. M. Bigelow, 1853 (MO).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus var. albatus* Sterk 1980:12-13 nom. inval. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albatus* Backeberg nom. inval.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus var. delaetii (Gürke) Taylor 1988:79 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> delaetii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:180 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus Lahman 1950:128 (originally published Lahman 1936:15 without Latin diagnosis).<br />
TL: Oklahoma, Mt. Scott, Lahman (MO).<br />
Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus var. albispinus* Backeberg 1960:2010 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> lowryi* Lowry 1936:20 nom. nud. (probably a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> luteus Britton & Rose 1913:239.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sonora, Mtns. above Alamos, Rose et al. 15207, 19 March 1910 (US 535975).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. luteus (Britton & Rose) Knuth in Backeberg & Knuth 1935:312.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> madrensis Patoni 1910:42.<br />
TL: Mexico, Durango, high Sierra Madre.<br />
Note: Perhaps a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus or one of the species related to it.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> malibrani* Rebut ex Haage 1892:118 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dubius (according to Schelle<br />
1907:135)).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mamillatus (Engelmann ex Coulter) Britton & Rose 1922:41.<br />
basionym: Cereus mamillatus Engelmann ex Coulter 1896:405.<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja California, south of Muluge, Gabb 16, 1867 (MO).<br />
Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> brandegeei.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mamillosus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:787.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> marginii* Ely 1935:6 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mariae* Backeberg 1965:2, 19 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />
Note: A form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi from northwest of Granite, Oklahoma.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus (Jones) Schumann 1897:273-274.<br />
basionym: Cereus maritimus Jones 1883:973.<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja California, Norte, near Ensenada, M. E. Jones, Apr. 1882 (POM).<br />
Synonym:<br />
Cereus glomeratus* Orcutt 1897:21 pro syn.<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> orcuttii and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> flaviflorus Coulter ex Schumann are usually considered synonyms of this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus var. hancockii Taylor 1985b:44 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hancockii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> marksianus* Schwarz ex Backeberg 1966:124 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />
Note: From Northern Mexico. Taylor (1985b) lists this name as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. densus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> matlesianus* Backeberg ex Bravo 1991:26 misspelling see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> matthesianus* Backeberg.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> matthesianus* Backeberg 1963:6 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />
Note: Taylor (1993) lists this name as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> matudae Bravo 1961:119-121.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Rio Papigochic near Temosochic, Matuda (MEXU).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus subsp. matudae (Bravo) Rutow in Lange & Rutow 1994:51.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> melaleucus* Föster ex Haage 1892:117 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanacanthus* Engelmann ex Earl 1963:61 (printing error) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanocentrus* Lowry 1936:20 nom. inval. (no Latin diagnosis) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanocentrus* Lowry ex Backeberg.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanocentrus* Lowry ex Backeberg 1960:2030 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var.albertii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> merkeri* Hildmann ex Haage 1892:118 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> merkeri Hildmann ex Schumann 1897:277.<br />
TL: unknown (range given as Durango near Cd. Lerdo, Coahuila, Sierra Bola & near Parras).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> jacobyi* Hort. ex Schumann 1897:278 pro syn.<br />
56
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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
122. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis).<br />
124. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi).<br />
126. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi).<br />
57<br />
123. E. leucanthus.<br />
125. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus<br />
var. lindsayi).<br />
127. E. lloydii (E. coccineus x<br />
E. dasyacanthus).
128. E. lloydii (see 127).<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
58<br />
129. E. longisetus.<br />
130. E. longisetus. 131. E. longisetus (forma).<br />
132. E. luteus (E. subinermis). 133. E. maritimus.<br />
134. E. maritimus. 135. E. marksianus* (E. polyacanthus var. densus).
136. E. matthesianus* (E. polyacanthus<br />
var. huitcholensis?).<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
137. E. matthesianus* (E. polyacanthus var. huitcholensis?).<br />
138. E. matudae (E. coccineus). 139. E. matudae (E. coccineus).<br />
140. E. merkeri (E. enneacanthus).<br />
59<br />
141. E. merkeri (E. enneacanthus).
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Cereus merkeri (Hildmann ex Schumann) Berger 1905:81.<br />
Note: Taylor (1985b) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> merkeri var. densispinus* Schmoll ex Backeberg 1960:2051 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> metornii Frank 1990b:210-218.<br />
TL: Mexico, Coahuila, Sierra Mojada, 1500 m, Metorn 49, 4 Apr. 1989 (ZSS) (•).<br />
Note: Taylor (1993) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fobeanus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> milleri* Hort. nom. nud. = HK 370. Robert Lee, Coke Co., Texas.<br />
Note: This plant is considered by some to be a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> moelleri* Hort. (Cactus & Succulent Journal (US) 13:22 1941) nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:803.<br />
basionym: Cereus mojavensis Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:281 (fuller description Engelmann 1857:33).<br />
TL: California, Mojave Creek, J. M. Bigelow, 4 Mar. 1854 (MO).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
Cereus bigelovii* Engelmann 1856:pl. 4 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Benson 1944:255.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis var. albispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:167 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis fa. inermis* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis var. zuniensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:803.<br />
basionym: Cereus mojavensis var. zuniensis Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:281.<br />
TL: Arizona, Cañon Diablo, on Little Colorado River, J. M. Bigelow, 14 Dec. 1853 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus bigelovii var. zuniensis* Engelmann 1857:t. 4 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> zuniensis* Eng. & Big. ex Haage & Schmidt nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mombergerianus Frank 1990c:261 (originally published Frank 1989:272-277 with no type designated).<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja California Norte, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Hidalgo Observatory, Lau 1248 (ZSS).<br />
Synonym (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus subsp. mombergerianus (Frank) Breckwoldt & Matylewicz 1996:15.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> monacanthus Heese 1904:215.<br />
TL: Texas - Mexico Border, Rancho Tacubaya.<br />
Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> morricalii Riha 1975:75.<br />
TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Barranca de las Garrapatas south of Monterrey, D. B. Morrical (PRC 322).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viereckii var. morricalii (Riha) Taylor 1985b:93.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. inermis* Heyer 1989:26 pro syn.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> multiangularis (Willdenow) Rümpler = Haageocereus sp.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> multiangularis var. limensis Maas = Haageocereus sp.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> multiangularis var. pallidior (Pfeiffer) Rümpler = Haageocereus sp.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> multicostatus Cels ex Rümpler 1885:834.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus var. multicostatus (Cels ex Rümpler) Schumann 1897:289.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. multicostatus (Cels ex Rümpler) Marshall 1953:67.<br />
Note: This plant is often considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus, but it may be of South American origin,<br />
and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> munzii (Parish) Benson 1941:361.<br />
basionym: Cereus munzii Parish 1926:48.<br />
TL: California, Riverside Co., 2 miles below Kenworthy, 1400 m, Munz & Johnson 5570, 21 May 1922 (UC).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. munzii (Parish) Pierce & Fosberg 1933:123.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> neomexicanus Standley 1908:87-88.<br />
TL: New Mexico, Doña Ana Co., mesa west of Organ Mtns., Standley 383 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. neomexicanus (Standley) Standley ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118.<br />
Cereus neomexicanus (Standley) Tidestrom 1941:298.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. neomexicanus* Weniger 1970:44 nom. inval.<br />
Note: This plant has been confused with <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei under the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. neomexicanus<br />
(Benson) and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus (Bravo 1991:24). It is probably a natural hybrid of E. rosei and E. chloranthus.<br />
Wilcoxia nerispina* Backeberg 1960:2078 nom. inval. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> schmollii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nicholii (Benson) Parfitt 1987:157-158 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. nicholii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nicholii subsp. llanuraensis Rutow 1995:61-71.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sonora, Guaymas, 300 m (ZSS # A 16936).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nigrispinus* Köhres Catalogue 1979 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nivosus Glass & Foster 1978a:18-19.<br />
TL: Mexico, Coahuila, Southwest of General Cepeda, pass 3 km north of El Cinco, Glass & Foster 3764, Feb. 1972 (POM).<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albatus* Backeberg is usually considered a synonym of this species.<br />
60
142. E. metornii (E. chisoensis<br />
var. fobeanus).<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
143. E. milleri* .<br />
145. E. mojavensis (E. coccineus). 146. E. mombergerianus (E. polyacanthus var. pacificus).<br />
147. E. morricalii (E. viereckii var. morricalii). 148. E. morricalii (E. viereckii var. morricalii).<br />
149. E. munzii (E. engelmannii var. munzii). 150. E. munzii (E. engelmannii var. munzii).<br />
61<br />
144. E. mojavensis (E. coccineus).
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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> noctiflorus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:1991 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cucumis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nocturniflorus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:1991 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cucumis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nogalensis* Haage 1900:159 nom. nud.<br />
Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ochoterenae Ortega 1928:88-90.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sinaloa, near Concordia, Cerro de la Cobriza, J. G. Ortega, 24 May 1927 (MEXU?).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. ochoterenae (Ortega) Unger 1984:164.<br />
Note: Ortega described varieties “A” and “B”, but did not give them names.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> octacanthus (Mühlenpfordt) Britton & Rose 1922:13.<br />
basionym: Echinopsis octacantha Mühlenpfordt 1848:19.<br />
TL: Northern Texas (San Saba River according to Engelmann), Roemer.<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus octacanthus (Mühlenpfordt) Coulter 1896:395.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. octacanthus* Boissevain & Davidson 1940:39 nom. illegit.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. octacanthus* Mühlenpfordt ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118. nom. illegit.<br />
Note: The proper application of this name is uncertain. If it can be shown to be one of the members of the <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
coccineus group it would have priority since it was published first. This would cause considerable nomenclatural changes.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> oklahomensis Lahman 1950:128 (originally published in Lahman 1935:141 without Latin diagnosis).<br />
TL: Oklahoma, Wichita Mtns., Lahman (MO).<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> orcuttii Rose ex Orcutt 1926:4.<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja California, Cape Colset, Orcutt (?).<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ortegae Rose ex Ortega 1929:24.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sinaloa, Cuenca del Rio Tamazula, Sianori, 800 m.,Ortega (?).<br />
Note: Taylor (1993) lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus as a synonym of this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ortegae subsp. koehresianus (Frank) Rischer & Frank 1996:93 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus* Haage 1892:118 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Britton & Rose 1922:12.<br />
basionym: Cereus phoeniceus var. pacificus Engelmann ex Orcutt 1886:46.<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja California Norte, Rio San Carlos, Parry et al., 25 Jan. 1883 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Coulter 1896:397.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Taylor 1984:160.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus subsp. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Breckwoldt 1996:15.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> palmeri Britton & Rose 1922:34.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, hill near Cd. Chihuahua, E. Palmer 121, Apr. 1908 (US).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pamanesiorum Lau 1981:36-41.<br />
TL: Mexico, Zacatecas, Rio Huaynamota, bridge between Huejuquilla & San Juan Capistrano, Lau 1247 (MEXU).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pamanesiorum subsp. bonatzii (Römer) Römer 1997:45 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonatzii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus Linke ex Rümpler 1885:783.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) Berger 1905:80.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) Benson 1969d:126.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) Benson 1976:59.<br />
Note: Benson uses the names <strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. angusticeps and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. angusticeps for this plant.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus var. angusticeps (Clover) Marshall & Bock 1941:119 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> angusticeps.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus var. giganteus* Bailey 1941:270 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus var. rubescens Hildmann ex Schelle 1926:165.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri Taylor 1988:73.<br />
TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, between La Poza & Puerto de los Pastores, Hansen et al. 3863 (MEXU).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. parkeri* Seed list 1996 - British Cactus and Succulent Journal.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri var. gonzalezii Taylor 1988:74.<br />
TL: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Sierra de las Vacas, 4km northeast of San Jose d’Llano, 1750 m, Gonzalez Medrano 8515 (MEXU).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri var. mazapilensis* K. Neumann 1993 nom. prov. Kaktusblüte p. 55.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus (Engelmann) Loder 1882:445.<br />
basionym: Cereus paucispinus Engelmann 1856:285 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:34).<br />
TL: Texas, San Pedro River, Wright, 1849 (MO).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus* Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:794 nom. illegit.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. paucispinus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:117.<br />
62
151. E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus).<br />
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152. ?E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus).<br />
154. E. nicholii subsp. llanuraensis. 155. E. nicholii subsp. llanuraensis.<br />
158. E. nivosus.<br />
63<br />
156. E. nivosus.<br />
157. E. nivosus.<br />
153. ?E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus).
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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
159. E. ochoterenae (E. subinermis var. ochoterenae). 160. “E. octacanthus”.<br />
162. “E. octacanthus”.<br />
165. E. pacificus<br />
(E. polyacanthus var. pacificus).<br />
161. “E. octacanthus”.<br />
164. E. ortegae.<br />
64<br />
163. E. oklahomensis<br />
(E. reichenbachii var. baileyi).<br />
166. E. pacificus<br />
(E. polyacanthus var. pacificus).
167. E. pacificus<br />
(E. polyacanthus var. pacificus).<br />
173. E. papillosus.<br />
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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
168. E. palmeri. 169. E. palmeri.<br />
170. E. palmeri.<br />
171. E. pamanesiorum.<br />
172. E. papillosus. 174. E. parkeri.<br />
65<br />
175. E. parkeri.
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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. paucispinus (Engelmann) Ferguson 1989:222.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus* Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:794 nom. illegit. (later homonym) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. flavispinus* Haage 1892:118 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. flavispinus* Walton 1899b:18 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. flavispinus Hort. ex Schelle 1926:178.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. fulvispinus Bowles 1908:28.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schumann 1897:281 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schumann 1897:281 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hexaedrus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. nigrispinus Bowles 1908:28.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. triglochidiatus* Schumann 1897:281 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus (Scheidweiler) Engelmann 1848a:110.<br />
basionym: Echinocactus pectinatus Scheidweiler 1838:492.<br />
TL: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, Villa del Peñasco, Galeotti (?).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Echinopsis pectinata (Scheidweiler) Fennel 1843:282.<br />
Cereus pectinatus (Scheidweiler) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />
Note: Echinocactus pectiniferus is usually considered a synonym of this species. Backeberg lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cernosus* as a<br />
synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. adustus (mispelled adjustus)(Engelmann) Daul 1890:78 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus.<br />
Note: Usually ascribed to Schumann 1897:271.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. adustus (Engelmann) Voss 1894:378 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. adustus fa. castaneus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Schelle 1926:174 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus (Poselger) Poselger ex Rümpler 1885:818.<br />
basionym: Cereus pectinatus var. armatus Poselger 1853:134.<br />
TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, near Monterrey. Poselger (?).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
Cereus pectinatus var. spinosus* Coulter 1896:357.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinosus* Coulter ex Schelle 1926:174 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> armatus (Poselger) Poselger ex Backeberg & Knuth 1935:318.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. armatus (Poselger) Poselger ex Borg 1937:174.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. armatus (Poselger) Taylor 1985b:133.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii var. armatus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. bauerii Rother 1923:127.<br />
TL: (no type locality or type mentioned).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. bristolii (Marshall) Marshall 1956b:81-82 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bristolii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. caespitosus (Engelmann) Schumann 1897:272 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. candicans* Hort. ex Schelle 1907:132 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. castaneus (Engelmann) Daul 1890:78 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. castaneus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:50 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. centralis Coulter ex Schumann 1897:271 (error in determination) = Echinomastus centralis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. chloranthus* Haage 1892:118 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. chrysacanthus Schumann 1897:272.<br />
TL: Mexico.<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. chrysacanthus (Schumann) Schumann ex Borg 1937:174.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. crassispinus Rünge ex Mathsson 1890:465.<br />
TL: Mexico, Coahuila, Saltillo, Mathsson (?).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ctenoides* Hort. ex Schelle 1907:130 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ctenoides* Weniger 1971:31 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ctenoides (Engelmann) Weniger ex Frank 1991:135 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus subsp. ctenoides (Engelmann) Frank 1997:136 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Haage 1892:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus* Earle 1971:80 nom. illegit. (later homonym) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus* Taylor 1984:179 nom. illegit. (later homonym) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. grandicostatus* Schmoll ex Backeberg 1960:2043 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. grandis (Britton & Rose) Marshall 1955:68 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> grandis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. jamauvei *Fric ex Orcutt 1926:4 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> castaneus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. laevior* (Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde index 1912:56) nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. minor (Engelmann) Benson 1968:125 (for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. minor*) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. neomexicanus (Coulter) Benson 1944:256 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus*.<br />
Note: Benson uses this name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ordustus* Lakerveld Catalogue. nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. pailanus* Schwarz ex Backeberg 1960:2043 nom. nud.<br />
66
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176. E. parkeri. 177. E. parkeri var. gonzalezii.<br />
178. E. parkeri var. gonzalezii. 179. E. paucispinus (E. coccineus). 180. E. pectinatus.<br />
181. E. pectinatus.<br />
182. E. pectinatus.<br />
184. E. pectinatus.<br />
67<br />
183. E. pectinatus.
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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. pailensis* Bailey 1941:271 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rectispinus* Zimmerman 1993:277 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. rectispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Werdermann 1930:t. 5 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:818.<br />
basionym: Cereus pectinatus var. rigidissimus Engelmann 1856:279.<br />
TL: Arizona, Sierra Pajarito, Schott, 1855 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. robustior* Hort. ex Hirscht 1897:95 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus (Engelmann) Hort. ex F. A. Haage 1897, “special offer” catalogue p. 13.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> candicans* Runge ex Haage 1900:157 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustior* Britton & Rose 1922:28 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Marshall & Bock 1941:119.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:50.<br />
Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus Rose 1909a:293. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> nogalensis* is usually listed as a synonym of this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:50 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. robustior* Hort. ex Hirscht 1897:95 pro syn. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. robustus Bauer ex Wittmack 1890:513.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sonora, Nogales.<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rotatus (Linke) Linke ex Haage 1892:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rotatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rubescens* Weniger 1970:21-22 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rubispinus Frank & Lau in Frank 1982:32-35.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cañon de Barbarocas, near Campito in Sierra Obscura, 1600-1800 m, Lau 088 (ZSS AA 18-30).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus var. rubispinus (Frank & Lau) Taylor 1984:175.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rungei* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:174 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rufispinus* Daul 1890:78 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rufispinus Schumann 1897:272.<br />
TL: Mexico.<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. rufispinus (Schumann) Schumann ex Borg 1951:221.<br />
Cereus pectinatus fa. rufispinus (Engelmann) Voss 1894:378 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rufispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. scopulorum (Britton & Rose) Marshall 1955:61 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scopulorum.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. sonorensis* (Kaktusy 1973 according to Evanich 1989:111).<br />
Cereus pectinatus var. spinosus* Coulter 1896:357 nom. illegit. (an unnecessary new name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. steereae* Rümpler ex Weniger 1970:32 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> steereae.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. tamaulipensis Fric ex Schelle 1926:174.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. tamaulipensis (Fric) Fric ex Borg 1937:174.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. texensis Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:817.<br />
TL: Texas.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. texensis* Hooker ex Schelle 1907:132 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. wenigeri Benson 1968:124.<br />
TL: Texas, Valverde Co., near Langtry, Benson 16,521 (POM 311,338) (•).<br />
Echinocactus pectiniferus Lemaire 1839:25.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Synonym:<br />
Cereus pectiniferus (Lemaire) Labouret 1853:320.<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus.<br />
Echinocactus pectiniferus var. laevior Monville ex Lemaire 1839:26.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Synonym:<br />
Echinopsis pectinata var. laevior (Monville ex Lemaire) Monville ex Förster 1846:365.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> penicilliformis Linke 1858 (of Bolivian origin and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pensilis (K. Brandegee) J. A. Purpus 1908:5.<br />
basionym: Cereus pensilis K. Brandegee 1904:192.<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja California Sur, Sierra de Laguna, T. S. Brandegee 246, Jan.-Feb. 1890 (UC).<br />
Synonym:<br />
Morangaya pensilis (K. Brandegee) Rowley 1974b:44-45.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus* Lemaire 1868:56 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus De Candolle ex Rümpler).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus (De Candolle) Lemaire ex Rümpler 1885:774.<br />
basionym: Cereus pentalophus De Candolle 1828:117.<br />
TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, near Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />
Synonym:<br />
Cereus propinquus* Hort. Genev. ex Walpers 1843:275 pro syn.<br />
68
187. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus<br />
(E. rigidissimus).<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
185. E. pectinatus. 186. E. pectinatus var. armatus (E. reichenbachii var. armatus).<br />
190. E. pectinatus var. rubispinus<br />
(E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus).<br />
189. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus<br />
(E. rigidissimus).<br />
191. E. pectinatus var. rubispinus<br />
(E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus).<br />
192. E. pectinatus var. wenigeri. 193. E.<br />
69<br />
pensilis. 194. E. pensilis.<br />
188. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus<br />
(E. rigidissimus).
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. aureovariegatus* Ito 1952:134 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Backeberg 1960:2003 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ehrenbergii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. leonensis (Mathsson) Taylor 1985b:78 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leonensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. leptacanthus* Lemaire ex Rümpler 1885:775 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leptacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. procumbens (Engelmann) Fournier 1935:25 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens.<br />
Cereus pentalophus var. radicans DeCandolle1828:117.<br />
TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, near Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus propinquus* Hort. Genev. ex Walpers 1843:275 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. radicans* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. radicans* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see Cereus pentalophus var. radicans.<br />
Cereus pentalophus var. simplex De Candolle 1828:117.<br />
TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, near Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus propinquus* Salm Dyck ex Otto 1833:366 nom. nud.<br />
Cereus propinquus* De Candolle ex Walpers 1843:333 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> propinquus De Candolle ex Haage 1892:118.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. simplex* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. simplex* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see Cereus pentalophus var. simplex.<br />
Cereus pentalophus var. subarticulatus De Candolle 1828:117.<br />
TL: Hidalgo, near Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus propinquus var. subarticulatus* Pfeiffer ex Förster 1846:373 pro syn.<br />
Cereus leptacanthus De Candolle ex Salm-Dyck 1845:27.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leptacanthus Gaillard 1864:209.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. subarticulatus* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. subarticulatus* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see Cereus pentalophus var. subarticulatus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentlandii (Hook.) Schumann = Echinopsis pentlandii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> perbellus Britton & Rose 1922:24-25.<br />
TL: Texas, Big Springs, Rose & Standley 12215, 23 Feb. 1910 (US 635015, 635016).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. perbellus (Britton & Rose) Benson 1969d:127.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. perbellus* Weniger 1970:23 nom. inval.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> persolutus Förster (from Peru and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phaeacanthus* Cactus & Succulent Journal (US) 1951:104 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:788 nom. illegit. = Cereus phoeniceus Engelmann 1856:284 (which was a new<br />
name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus Engelmann 1848:94).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. albispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:789.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. brevispinus Engelmann ex Schelle 1907:138 nom. nud.<br />
Cereus phoeniceus subsp. conoideus Engelmann 1857:37 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conoideus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. conoideus Schumann 1896:150 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conoideus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. densus Schelle 1907:138 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. inermis Schumann 1896:150 (see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. longispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:789.<br />
Cereus phoeniceus var. pacificus Engelmann ex Orcutt 1886:46 (see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. rufispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:789.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. utahensis* Schelle 1907:138 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pleiogonus Croucher 1878:290.<br />
TL: unknown (perhaps an Echinopsis)<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pleiogonus* Labouret ex Rümpler 1885:828-829 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
basionym: Cereus pleiogonus Labouret 1853:317.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> plomosus* Köhres Catalogue 1984 nom. nud. (= Lau 768 from Plomosos, Sinaloa).<br />
Note: Usually considered a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> huitcholensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> policephalus* Daul 1890:78 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus Engelmann 1848a:104.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cosihuiriachi, Wislizenus, 1846 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus polyacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. polyacanthus (Engelmann) Benson 1944:253.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. albispinus Hort. ex Schelle 1926:179.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. bergeanus Fobe 1911:56.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. bergeanus* Hort ex Schelle 1926:179 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. densus (Regel) Taylor 1984:159.<br />
70
198. E. perbellus<br />
(E. reichenbachii var. perbellus).<br />
203. E. polyacanthus(Lau 1581).<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
195. E. pentalophus. 196. E. pentalophus.<br />
197. E. pentalophus. 199. E. polyacanthus.<br />
200. E. polyacanthus (SB 191). 201. E. polyacanthus.<br />
202. E. polyacanthus (Lau 1581).<br />
71<br />
204. E. polyacanthus (Lau 1544).
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
basionym: Echinopsis valida var. densa Regel 1852:295.<br />
Note: This is the name used by Taylor for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. galtieri (Rebut ex Fobe) Schelle 1926:179 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> galtieri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. huitcholensis (Weber) Taylor 1988:82 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> huitcholensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. longispinus Hort. ex Schelle 1926:179.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus subsp. mombergerianus (Frank) Breckwoldt & Matylewicz 1996:15 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mombergerianus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. neomexicanus* Weniger 1970:44 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> neomexicanus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. nigrispinus Fobe 1911:55.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. nigrispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:179 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Taylor 1984:160 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus subsp. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Breckwoldt in Breckwoldt & Matylewicz 1996:15<br />
see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. rosei* Weniger 1970:43 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. rufispinus Fobe 1911:55-56.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. rufispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:179 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* Blanc 1888:39 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* Hort. Berol. ex Haage 1900:160 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* var. albispinus Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* var. brevinigrispinus Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* var. nigrispinus Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* var. spinosissimus Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus var. xphoeniceus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polypus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgeri Lemaire 1868:57.<br />
TL: Texas, near Rio Grande River, above Bellville, Poselger, 1850 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus tuberosus* Poselger 1853:131 nom. illegit. (later homonym) (not Cereus tuberosus Pfeiffer 1837).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tuberosus* Rümpler 1885:783 nom. illegit.<br />
Cereus poselgeri Coulter 1896:398.<br />
Wilcoxia poselgeri (Lemaire) Britton & Rose 1909:434.<br />
Wilcoxia tuberosa* Berger 1929:134 nom. illegit.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgeri subsp. kroenleinii (Cartier) Lange 1995:138 see Wilcoxia kroenleinii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgerianus Linke 1857:239.<br />
TL: Mexico.<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus poselgerianus (Linke) Berger 1905:80.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. poselgerianus (Linke) Backeberg 1960:1999.<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> primolanatus* Schwarz ex Backeberg 1960:2043 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> primolanatus Taylor 1985b:130.<br />
TL: Mexico, Coahuila, Sierra Paila, north of Estacion Marte, cultivated by D. Parker, 1985 (K).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> primolanatus* Schwarz ex Backeberg 1960:2043 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> princeps Förster 1861:163.<br />
TL: unknown (Of unknown origin and perhaps from South America, in which case it would not be an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens* Lemaire 1868:56 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens Engelmann ex Rümpler).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Seitz 1870:11.<br />
basionym: Cereus procumbens Engelmann 1849:50.<br />
TL: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Burita at mouth of Rio Grande, St. Louis Volunteers, 1846 (MO).<br />
Synonym (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. procumbens (Engelmann) Fournier 1935:25.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens var. gracilior Dautw. ex Schelle 1926:165<br />
TL: unknown<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens var. longispinus Hort. ex Hirscht 1902:135.<br />
TL: unknown<br />
Cereus propinquus Salm-Dyck ex Otto 1833:366 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. simplex.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> propinquus De Candolle ex Haage 1892:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. simplex.<br />
Cereus propinquus var. subarticulatus* Pfeiffer ex Förster 1846:373 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. subarticulatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pseudohempelii* Kuenzler Cat. nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> kuenzleri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pseudopectinatus (Taylor) Taylor 1989:74.<br />
basionym: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bristolii var. pseudopectinatus Taylor 1985b:120.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sonora, Moctezuma, Lau 607, 1973, cultivated by N. P. Taylor, 21 June 1984 (K) (•).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pubellus* Cactus & Succulent Journal (US) 7:5 1936 nom. nud.<br />
72
205. E. poselgeri.<br />
208. E. primolanatus.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
206. E. primolanatus.<br />
210. ?E. procumbens (E. pentalophus).<br />
211. E. pseudopectinatus. 212. E. pseudopectinatus.<br />
213. E. pulchellus. 214. E. pulchellus.<br />
73<br />
207. E. primolanatus.<br />
209. E. procumbens (E. pentalophus).
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Echinopsis pulchella var. flore kermesina Haage ex Förster 1846:364 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus.<br />
Echinopsis pulchella var. rosea* Labouret 1853:292 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus (Martius) Förster ex Seitz 1870:11.<br />
basionym: Echinocactus pulchellus Martius 1832:342.<br />
TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, Pachuca, Karwinsky (?).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus pulchellus Pfeiffer 1837:74.<br />
Echinonyctanthus pulchellus (Martius) Lemaire 1839:85.<br />
Echinopsis pulchella (Martius) Zuccarini ex Förster 1846:363.<br />
Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus Schumann 1894:185.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. acanthosetus Arias & Guzmán. In: Arias Montes et al. 1997:63.<br />
TL: Mexico, Oaxaca, between Magdalen Jicotán and Tepelmeme de Morelos, Arias et al. 956, 29 Oct. 1991 (MEXU) (•).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. amoenus (Dietrich) Förster ex Schumann 1897:253 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. sharpii Taylor 1989:75-77.<br />
TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, near San Roberto, 1900 m, 24º50´N 100º25´W, Gonzalez G., 1985 (seed), cult. N. P. Taylor, 4 May 1988 (K).<br />
Note: This plant had been considered by some to be a white-flowered form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. weinbergii (Weingart) Taylor 1985a:272 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> weinbergii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> purpureus Lahman 1935:141-143.<br />
TL: Oklahoma, near Medicine Park, Lahman (MO).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. purpureus* Weniger 1970:23 nom. inval.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> radians Engelmann 1848a:104.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cosihuiriachi, Wislizenus, 1846 (MO).<br />
Synonym:<br />
Cereus adustus var. radians (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> raphicephalus Förster 1861:164.<br />
TL: unknown (Of unknown origin and perhaps from South America, in which case it would not be an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rayonesensis Taylor 1988:75-76.<br />
TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Rayones, Lau 1101 (K).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barkeana* Heyer 1989:25 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rectispinus Peebles 1938:675.<br />
TL: Arizona, hills near Nogales, 3900 ft., Peebles SF 905 (US 1729266).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. rectispinus (Peebles) Benson 1944:259.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. rectispinus* Benson 1969d:131 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rectispinus var. robustus Peebles 1938:675 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustus Peebles.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachianus* Linke 1857:83 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachianus Hort. ex Haage1859:20 (see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii).<br />
basionym: Echinocactus reichenbachianus (Terscheck) Terscheck ex Fennel 1843:282 (Terscheck, Verzeichnis 3. According to<br />
Schumann 1897:271).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Echinopsis pectinata var. reichenbachiana (Terscheck) Salm-Dyck 1845:26.<br />
Cereus reichenbachianus (Terscheck) Labouret 1853:318.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachianus* Engelmann ex Haage1893:23.<br />
Note: see note under <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachianus* Engelmann ex Haage1893:23 (according to Index Kewensis 2:813) nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
Cereus reichenbachianus var. castaneus (Engelmann) Labouret 1853:319 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage Jr. ex Britton & Rose 1922:25.<br />
basionym: Echinocactus reichenbachii Terscheck ex Walpers 1843:320 (Terscheck, Verzeichnis 2. According to Schumann 1897:452).<br />
TL: Mexico.<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Werdermann 1930:t. 5.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. reichenbachii* Ters. ex Borg 1937:174 nom. illegit.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. candicans* Hort. ex Borg 1937:174 pro syn.<br />
Note: Since Terscheck’s original publication has not been found there is confusion concerning whether the two names<br />
Echinocactus reichenbachii and Echinocactus reichenbachianus refer to the same plant. The name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii is<br />
usually applied to <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus, although this is uncertain since the original description of Echinocactus reichenbachii<br />
did not have a description of the plant’s flower, and no collector or exact type locality is listed. Benson (1982:946)<br />
designated Palmer 511, near Saltillo, Mexico, 10 Apr. 1905 (US 570013) as the neotype. Unless someone is able to<br />
locate a copy of Terscheck’s original publication questions will remain concerning the proper use of this name.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albertii Benson 1969d:127.<br />
TL: Texas, Jim Wells Co., near Alice, Benson 16,550 (POM 317080).<br />
Synonym (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii var. albertii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />
74
218. E. radians (E. adustus).<br />
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215. E. pulchellus var. sharpii. 216. E. pulchellus var. sharpii.<br />
217. E. purpureus (E. reichenbachii).<br />
220. E. rayonesensis. 221. E. rayonesensis.<br />
75<br />
219. ?E. radians (E. adustus).<br />
222. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus). 223. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus).
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanocentrus* Lowry 1936:20 is usually considered a synonym of this variety.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albiflorus* Seela 1940:92 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albispinus (Lahman) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus.<br />
Note: Benson uses this name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. anigosanthus* Ito 1981 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. armatus (Poselger) Taylor 1985b:133 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. aureiflorus* Seela 1940:92 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. baileyi (Rose) Taylor 1985b:133 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. baileyi fa. albispinus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. caespitosus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. chisoensis (Marshall) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chisoensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. fitchii (Britton & Rose) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. perbellus (Britton & Rose) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> perbellus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichii Fric (from Chile, and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidispinus* Engelmann ex Haage 1893:28 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus Hort. ex F. A. Haage 1897:13 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus* Rose 1909a:293 nom. illegit. (later homonym) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus var. rubispinus (Frank & Lau) Taylor 1984:175 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rubispinus Frank & Lau 1982:32-35.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ritteri* Haage 1958:182 nom. nud. (a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustior* Britton & Rose 1922:28 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustus (Peebles) Peebles 1940:219.<br />
basionym: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rectispinus var. robustus Peebles 1938:675.<br />
TL: Arizona, Pima Co. between Tucson & Sabino Canyon, Peebles SF896, 27 Aug. 1935 (US 1729267).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. robustus* Benson 1944:259 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
Note: This plant is usually treated as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roemeri* Lemaire 1868:56 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roemeri (Engelmann) Hort. ex Haage 1859:20.<br />
basionym: Cereus roemeri Engelmann 1849:50 (not Mühlenpfordt) (•).<br />
TL: Texas, granitic region of the Llano, Lindheimer, 1847 (MO).<br />
Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> roemeri Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:792.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roemeri*(Mühlenpfordt) Rydberg 1906:146 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
basionym: Cereus roemeri Mühlenpfordt 1848:19 (not Engelmann).<br />
TL: Northern Texas, Roemer (?).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:829-830.<br />
basionym: Cereus roetteri Engelmann 1856:345 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:33, t. 41, fig. 3-5).<br />
TL: Texas, stony hills near Frontera (El Paso), Wright, 1851 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus dasyacanthus var. minor* Engelmann 1856:278.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. minor (Engelmann) Benson 1968:125.<br />
Note: This plant is probably a natural hybrid.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri var. lloydii (Britton & Rose) Backeberg 1960:2027 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> lloydii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roseanus* Backeberg 1960:2071 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei Wooten & Standley 1915:457.<br />
TL: New Mexico, Doña Ana Co., hills near Agricultural College (Las Cruces), Standley 1235, 1907 (US 535093).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. rosei (Wooten & Standley) Marshall 1950:63.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roseanus* Backeberg 1960:2071 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. rosei* Weniger 1970:44 nom. inval.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. neomexicanus fa. rosei Blum 1990:12 pro syn.<br />
Note: This plant is often listed under the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. neomexicanus, the type of which is probably<br />
a natural hybrid.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei var. jarillensis* Kuenzler Cat. nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rotatus Linke 1858:85.<br />
TL: South Texas.<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rotatus (Linke) Linke ex Haage 1892:118.<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rubescens Dams 1905:92-93.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Note: This plant is often considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rufispinus Engelmann 1848a:104-105.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cosihuiriachi, Wislizenus, 1846 (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus rufispinus (Engelmann)Engelmann 1849:50.<br />
Cereus pectinatus fa. rufispinus (Engelmann) Voss 1894:378.<br />
76
228. E. reichenbachii.<br />
230. E. reichenbachii var. albertii<br />
(E. reichenbachii var. fichtii).<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
226. E. reichenbachii.<br />
224. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus). 225. E. reichenbachii.<br />
227. E. reichenbachii.<br />
229. E. reichenbachii.<br />
77<br />
232. E. robustus (E. fasciculatus).<br />
231. E. robustus (E. fasciculatus).
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
233. E. roemeri (E. coccineus). 234. E. roetteri (E. coccineus x E. dasyacanthus).<br />
235. E. roetteri (see 234). 236. E. rosei (E. coccineus).<br />
237. E. rosei (E. coccineus). 238. E. russanthus.<br />
239. E. russanthus. 240. E. russanthus.<br />
78
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
242. E. russanthus var. fiehnii.<br />
241. E. russanthus var. fiehnii. 243. E. salm-dyckianus (E. scheeri).<br />
244. E. salm-dyckianus (E. scheeri). 245. E. salmianus (E. scheeri).<br />
246. ?E. sanborgianus (E. brandegeei). 247. E. sanpedroensis.<br />
79
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rungei Schumann 1895:124 (this is a new name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> texensis* Runge)<br />
basionym: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> texensis* Runge 1894:61 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
TL: Texas, Runge (?).<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> runyonii Orcutt 1926:5.<br />
TL: Texas, mouth of Rio Grande River, Orcutt 1048, 1924 (?).<br />
Note: This plant is probably the same as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus Weniger 1969:41-42.<br />
TL: Texas, Brewster Co., Christmas Mtns., Weniger 712 (UNM).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. russanthus (Weniger) Lamb ex Rowley 1974:7.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. russanthus (Weniger) Leuck 1980:34.<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. vulpis-cauda* is probably a synonym of this species.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. cowperi* Hort. (= HK 1287, from Cooks Range, Luna County, New Mexico).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. fiehnii Trocha 1997:65-69.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cañon de Santa Clara, Sierra del Nido, Lau 1076 (Universität Hamburg No. 1066).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. finnii* Köhres Catalogue 1981 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> finnii* Hort. ex Taylor 1985: 101 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fiehnii* Lau 1992:74.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. finnii* Köhres Catalogue 1981 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. fiehnii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. neocapillus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. neocapillus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. vulpis-cauda* Köhres Catalogue 1981 nom. nud. (see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. vulpis-cauda*).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. weedinii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. weedinii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus Scheer 1856:291.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua.<br />
Synonym:<br />
Cereus salm-dyckianus (Scheer) Hemsley 1880:545.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus subsp. bacanorensis Rischer & Trocha 1998:3-10.<br />
TL: Sonora, near Bacanora, Trocha AX18239 (ZSS).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus var. gracilior* Haage 1900:161 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus var. gracilior Hort. ex Schelle 1926:163.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus var. noctiflorus Heid 1944:27.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cerocauhui, R. T. Craig (CA 305550).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus subsp. obscuriensis Blum 1994:79-83 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. obscuriensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salmianus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:809.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Synonym:<br />
Cereus salmianus (Hort. ex Rümpler) Weber in Bois 1894:279.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> saltillensis* Mats. ex Haage 1900:161 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanborgianus (Coulter) Schumann 1897:174.<br />
basionym: Cereus sanborgianus Coulter 1896:391.<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja California, rocky table lands south of San Borja, Gabb 9, 1867 (MO).<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> brandegeei.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sandersii Orcutt 1926:5.<br />
TL: California, Black Canyon, Providence Mtns. 5000 ft., Gibson & Sanders, 1925 (?).<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sangre de christo Schumann 1897:278.<br />
TL: Mexico, near Pachuca.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanguineus Blanc 1890:58.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
Note: Probably a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanpedroensis Raudonat & Rischer 1995:88-97.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sonora, Rancho San Pedro, Rischer, May 1995 (ZSS).<br />
Note: The authors list <strong>Echinocereus</strong> subterraneus* Backeberg as a synonym of this plant.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sarissophorus Britton & Rose 1922:38-39.<br />
TL: Mexico, Coahuila, near Saltillo, Palmer 100, Apr. 1898 (US).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri Salm-Dyck ex Scheer).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri (Salm-Dyck) Salm-Dyck ex Scheer 1856:291.<br />
basionym: Cereus scheeri Salm-Dyck 1850:190-191.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Potts (?).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schlini* Britton & Rose 1922:43 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. australis* Taylor 1988:80 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus.<br />
80
252. E. scheeri.<br />
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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
248. E. sanpedroensis. 249. E. sarissophorus (E. enneacanthus).<br />
250. E. scheeri. 251. E. scheeri.<br />
253. E. scheeri.<br />
255. E. scheeri var. koehresianus (E. ortegae).<br />
81<br />
254. E. scheeri var. koehresianus<br />
(E. ortegae).
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. compactus* Hort. ex Haage 1900:161 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. gentryi (Clover) Taylor 1984:154 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gentryi.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. gentryi cultivar ‘Cucumis’ (Clover) Taylor 1984:155 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cucumis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. gracilior Hildmann ex Schelle 1926:162.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus Frank 1988:186-189.<br />
TL: Mexico, Durango, between El Carrizo & Loberas, Lau 1143 (ZSS).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> koehresianus* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:80 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> koehresii* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:80 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. australis* Taylor 1988:80 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ortegae subsp. koehresianus (Frank) Rischer & Frank 1996:93.<br />
Note: Taylor (1993) lists this variety as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ortegae.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. major Rother 1905:175.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. minor Rother 1905:175.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. nigrispinus* Scheer 1856:291 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. obscuriensis Lau 1989:34-36.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Sierra Obscura, Lau 091 (ZSS).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus subsp. obscuriensis (Lau) Blum 1994:79.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. robustior Hort. ex Schelle 1926:162.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schereri Frank 1990a:154-159.<br />
TL: Mexico, Durango, near Las Minas, Rio Nazas, Scherer 123 (ZSS).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schlechterdalii* Britton & Rose 1922:302 (error for Echinocactus schlechtendalii).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schlini* Britton & Rose 1922:43 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schmollii (Weingart) Taylor 1985b:140.<br />
basionym: Cereus schmollii Weingart 1931:251-252.<br />
TL: Mexico, Queretero, F. Schmoll (?).<br />
Synonym:<br />
Wilcoxia schmollii (Weingart) Backeberg 1935, Blätter für Kakteenforschung 2(11):93.<br />
Note: Wilcoxia nerispina* Backeberg 1960:2078 nom. inval. is usually considered a synonym of this species.<br />
Wilcoxia schmollii var. lanata* Cartier 1980, Succulentes 2(4):8 nom. inval.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schwarzii* Backeberg 1960:2032 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> radians.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schwarzii Lau 1982:27-29.<br />
TL: Mexico, Durango, near Guenacevi, 1800-2100 m, Lau 1305 (POM).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus var. schwarzii (Lau)Taylor 1985a:268.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sciurus (K. Brandegee) K. Brandegee ex Dams 1904:130.<br />
basionym: Cereus sciurus K. Brandegee 1904:192.<br />
TL: Mexico, Baja California Sur, hills near San Jose del Cabo, T. S. Brandegee, Apr. 1897 (UC).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sciurus var. floresii (Backeberg) Taylor 1985b:115 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> floresii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scopulorum Britton & Rose 1922:30-31.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sonora, near Guaymas, Rose et al. 12570, 10 Mar. 1910 (US).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. scopulorum (Britton & Rose) Marshall 1955:61.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> serpentinus Lemaire = Nyctocereus serpentinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> setosus* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:76 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> freudenbergeri.<br />
Cereus similis* Regel & Klein 1860:29 (see Hemsley 1880:546) nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
TL: Mexico, Karwinsky (?) (this is not found on the page given by Hemsley. Perhaps it is the same as Cereus similis Meinshausen<br />
1858 in Wochenschrift für Gärtnerei und Pflanzenkunde 1:29).<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spachianus Rümpler = Echinopsis spachiana.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinibarbis Salm-Dyck = Eulychnia spinibarbis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinibarbis* Haage 1900:161 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinibarbis* Hildmann ex Fobe 1911:58 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinigemmatus Lau 1984:248-250.<br />
TL: Mexico, Jalisco, near San Andres Cohamiata, 1600 m, Lau 1246, 25 Apr. 1974 (ZSS AA18-48).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinosissimus Walton 1899a:162.<br />
TL: El Paso, Texas.<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinosus* Coulter ex Schelle 1926:174 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> splendens Lemaire = Nyctocereus splendens.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> standleyi Britton & Rose 1922:24.<br />
82
257. E. scheeri var. obscuriensis.<br />
259. E. schereri.<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
256. E. scheeri var. obscuriensis.<br />
260. E. schmollii.<br />
262. E. schwarzii (E. adustus var. schwarzii).<br />
263. E. sciurus. 264. E. sciurus.<br />
83<br />
258. E. schereri.<br />
261. E. schmollii.
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
TL: New Mexico, Sacramento Mtns.,100 miles north of El Paso, S. L. Pattison (US).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. standleyi (Britton & Rose) Orcutt ex Weniger 1969:37.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> steereae Clover 1938:565-567.<br />
TL: Texas, Chisos Mtns., Mrs Lois Steere (MICH).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. steereae (Clover) Marshall 1945:115.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. steereae* Rümpler ex Weniger 1970:32 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus Marshall 1938:159-160.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sonora, Mountain facing Rancho Guirocoba, 5000 ft., Bristol & Marshall, 19 Mar. 1935 (DS 251176).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subterraneus* Hort. ex Bailey 1941:271 pro. syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus var. tayopensis (Marshall) Taylor 1985a:258 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> tayopensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus subsp. tayopensis (Marshall) Pichler 1994:103-106 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> tayopensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Seitz 1870:11.<br />
basionym: Cereus stramineus Engelmann 1856:282 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:35, t. 46).<br />
TL: Texas, Mtns. near El Paso, Wright, 1851 (MO).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. stramineus (Engelmann) Benson 1969d:127.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. conglomeratus (Blanc) Bravo 1974:47 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. major* Schelle 1907:136 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. major-aureispinus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. occidentalis Taylor 1988:70-71.<br />
TL: Mexico, Durango, southeast of La Cuesta, 140 km north of city of Durango, on volcanic rocks, 1400-1450 m, N.P. Taylor<br />
240b, 1 Jul. 1986 (MEXU).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. parkeri* Seed list 1996 - British Cactus and Succulent Journal, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. ruberrimus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. spinarosus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> strausianus Haage ex Quehl 1900:70-71.<br />
TL: Texas.<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. cylindricus.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> strigosus Lemaire = Echinopsis strigosa.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis Salm-Dyck ex Scheer 1856:291.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Potts (?).<br />
Synonym:<br />
Cereus subinermis (Salm-Dyck ex Scheer) Hemsley 1880:546.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. aculeatus Unger 1984:164.<br />
TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Rio Batopilas near La Bufa, 700 m, Unger, 1980 (ZSS AA50-70).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. lentus* Heyer 1989:26 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> morricalii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. luteus (Britton & Rose) Knuth in Backeberg & Knuth 1935:312 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> luteus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis fa. luteus (Britton & Rose) Krainz 1967:51 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> luteus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. ochoterenae Unger 1984:164 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ochoterenae.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subterraneus* Hort. ex Bailey 1941:271 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subterraneus* Backeberg 1960:2012 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />
TL: Mexico (cfr. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanpedroensis).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tamaulipensis* Fric 1926:441 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. tamaulipensis).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tamaulipensis (Werdermann) Lange 1995:139-140.<br />
basionym: Wilcoxia tamaulipensis Werdermann 1938:86.<br />
TL: Mexico, Southern Coahuila, Hummel s.n. (B).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tamaulipensis subsp. deherdtii Lange 1995:140-141.<br />
TL: Mexico, Coahuila, El Sol, JE (Herbarium Hauskneckt Jena).<br />
Note: Considered by some to be a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> waldeisii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tamaulipensis subsp. waldeisii (Haugg) Lange 1995:142, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> waldeisii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tayopensis Marshall 1956a:78-80.<br />
TL: Mexico, Sonora, Rancho Saucito, between Bacadehuachi & Nacori Chico, 3500 ft., 29º42’N 109º04’W, D. Gold & H.<br />
Sanchez-Mejorada (DES).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus var. tayopensis (Marshall) Taylor 1985a:258.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus subsp. tayopensis (Marshall) Pichler 1994:103-106.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> texensis Jacobi 1856:110 (not Runge 1894).<br />
TL: Texas.<br />
Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> texensis* Runge 1894:61-62 nom. illegit. (later homonym), see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rungei.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> thurberi (Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 3:153) error for Cereus thurberi.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> toroweapensis (Fischer) Fuersch 1993:266-268 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. toroweapensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> townsendianus* Heyer 1989:26 nom. nud. (a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> floresii).<br />
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265. E. scopulorum.<br />
269. E. spinigemmatus.<br />
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266. E. scopulorum.<br />
268. E. spinigemmatus.<br />
270. E. standleyi (E. viridiflorus).<br />
274. E. stramineus.<br />
85<br />
267. E. spinibarbis*<br />
(E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii).<br />
271. ?E. standleyi (E. viridiflorus).<br />
272. E. stoloniferus. 273. E. stoloniferus.
275. E. stramineus.<br />
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276. E. stramineus.<br />
277. E. stramineus. 278. E. stramineus (Forma).<br />
86<br />
279. E. stramineus var. occidentalis.<br />
280. E. subinermis. 281. E. subinermis var. aculeatus (E. subinermis).<br />
282. E. tamaulipensis (E. poselgeri). 283. E. tamaulipensis (E. poselgeri). 284. E. tamaulipensis subsp. deherdtii.
286. E. triglochidiatus.<br />
290. E. tulensis<br />
(E. cinerascens var. tulensis).<br />
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285. E. tayopensis (E. stoloniferus var. tayopensis).<br />
291. E. viereckii.<br />
293. E. viridiflorus. 294. E. viridiflorus var. correllii.<br />
87<br />
287. E. triglochidiatus var. gurneyi<br />
(E. coccineus).<br />
288. E. triglochidiatus var. gurneyi (E. coccineus). 289. E. triglochidiatus var. toroweapensis.<br />
292. E. viereckii.
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<strong>Echinocereus</strong> thwaitesii* Schumann 1897:290 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> trichacanthus Rümpler 1885:799.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> trichacanthus Engelmann ex Haage 1893:23 = Cephalocereus nobilis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus Engelmann 1848a:93.<br />
TL: New Mexico, Wolf Creek, Wislizenus (MO).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus triglochidiatus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. triglochidiatus* Schumann 1897:281 nom. illegit.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. acifer (Jacobi) Bravo 1978:66 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. arizonicus (Orcutt) Benson 1969a:21 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. coccineus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:117 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Boissevain 1940:36 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. gurneyi Benson 1969d:126.<br />
TL: Texas, Brewster Co., igneous rocks south of Marathon, Correll & Benson 16,488 (POM).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. gurneyi (Benson) Heil & Brack 1988:26.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. inermis Arp 1973:132-133 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Boissevain 1940:36 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hexaedrus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus (Engelmann) Benson 1944:254 see Cereus coccineus var. melanacanthus.<br />
Note: This is the name used by Benson for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus fa. inermis* Alabaster 1994:105 nom. inval. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Benson 1944:255 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. mojavensis fa. inermis (Schumann) Ferguson 1989:219 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. multicostatus (Cels ex Rümpler) Marshall 1953:67 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> multicostatus Cels ex Rümpler 1885:834.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. neomexicanus (Standley) Standley ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> neomexicanus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. neomexicanus fa. rosei* Blum 1990:12. pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. octacanthus* Mühlenpfordt ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118 nom. inval. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> octacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. paucispinus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. polyacanthus (Engelmann) Benson 1944:253 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. rosei (Wooten & Standley) Marshall 1950:63 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. toroweapensis Fischer 1991:195.<br />
TL: Arizona, Mohave Co.,Toroweap Point, 1340 m, P.C. Fischer 7196 (ARIZ).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> toroweapensis (Fischer) Fuersch 1993:266-268.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochititus* Engelm. ex Haage 1900:162. nom. nud. (probably an error in spelling for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> trockyi* Fric 1918(8) (in advertisement) nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tuberculatus* Hort. ex Haage 1900:162 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tuberosus* Poselger ex Rümpler 1885:783 nom. illegit. = Cereus tuberosus Poselger 1853:135 non Pfeiffer see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgeri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tulensis Bravo 1973:110-111.<br />
TL: Mexico, Tamaulipas, 1 km south of Tula Junction on highway between Huizache & Juamave, Sanchez-Mejorada 2085, 4 May<br />
1973 (MEXU).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. tulensis (Bravo) Taylor 1988:69.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> twaitesii* Hort. ex Haage 1892:119 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> uehri Blanc 1888:40.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> undulatus* Hildmann ex Schumann 1895:124 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> uspenskii Blanc 1888:40.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> uspenskii* Haage 1900:162 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> utahensis* Köhres Catalogue 1984 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> vatteri* Botzenhart Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 1968:front cover nom. nud. (cfr. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viereckii).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viereckii Werdermann 1934:188-189.<br />
TL: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Mtns. between Juamave & Cd. Victoria, 1500-2000 m.<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> vatteri* is probably a synonym of this plant.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viereckii var. morricalii (Riha) Taylor 1985b:93 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> morricalii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> virickii* White 1948:288 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus Engelmann 1848a:91.<br />
TL: New Mexico,Wolf Creek, Wislizenus 514 (MO 2016902).<br />
Synonyms:<br />
Cereus viridiflorus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretii* Förster ex Rümpler 1885:811 pro syn.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. centrispinus* Bailey 1941:271 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. chloranthus (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:2015 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus.<br />
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295. E. viridiflorus var. correllii. 296. E. viridiflorus var. cylindricus. 297. E. viridiflorus var. cylindricus.<br />
298. E. viridiflorus var. weedinii. 300. E. websterianus.<br />
299. E. waldeisii. 301. E. websterianus. 302. E. websterianus.<br />
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<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus fa. chloranthus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:51 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. chrysacanthus* 1907:129 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. correllii Benson 1969d:128.<br />
TL: Texas, Brewster Co., above Ft. Peña Colorada, 4 miles south of Marathon, 4100 ft., Benson & Correll 16485, 4 Apr. 1965<br />
(POM 317079) (•).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. cylindricus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:812.<br />
basionym: Cereus viridiflorus var. cylindricus Engelmann 1856:278.<br />
TL: Texas, Valley of Limpia Creek, Wright, 11 June 1851 (MO 2016904).<br />
Synonym (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. cylindricus (Engelmann) Taylor 1984:169.<br />
Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> strausianus is usually considered a synonym of this variety.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. davisii (Houghton) Marshall & Bock 1941:119 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> davisii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus fa. davisii (Houghton) Krainz 1967:51 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> davisii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. elongatus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1962:3847 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. faciliflorus* Hildmann ex Schelle 1907:129 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. gracilispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:814.<br />
TL: unknown.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. intermedius* Backeberg 1960:2015 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />
Note: This plant is said to be from Texas.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. longispinus* Schelle 1907:129 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. major* Maas 1906:142 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. minor* Engelmann ex Weniger 1970:14 nom. nud. see Cereus viridiflorus var. minor*.<br />
Cereus viridiflorus var. minor* Engelmann 1856:278 (a new name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. viridiflorus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. montanus* Kuenzler Catalogue nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. neocapillus Leuck 1980:35-36 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. neocapillus (the validity of this publication<br />
is questionable).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. ruberissimus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. rubrus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. russanthus (Weniger) Leuck 1980:34 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus (the validity of this publication is questionable).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. sanguineus* Rgl. ex Schelle 1907:129 nom. nud. (perhaps the same as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanguineus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. standleyi (Britton & Rose) Orcutt ex Weniger 1969:37 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> standleyi.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. tuberculosus* Orcutt 1926:4 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. tubulosus* Heller 1900:8 nom. illegit.<br />
basionym: Cereus viridiflorus var. tubulosus* Coulter 1896:383 (a new name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiforus var. cylindricus).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. weedinii Leuck 1980:37-39 (the validity of this publication is questionable).<br />
TL: Texas, Jeff Davis Co., top of Timber Mtn., 6400 ft., Leuck & Weedin 193, 13 May 1978 (OKL).<br />
Synonyms (•):<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. weedinii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus subsp. weedinii* Höchstätter Seed List 1997 nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> waldeisii Haugg 1994:6.<br />
TL: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, west of Tula, Huizache, D. Waldeis, 1988 (WU).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tamaulipensis subsp. waldeisii (Haugg) Lange 1995:142.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> webeserii* Pavey 1979:n.p. nom. nud. (apparently a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> websterianus Lindsay 1947:153.<br />
TL: Mexico, Gulf of California, San Pedro Nolasco Is., Lindsay & Bool 498, 25 Feb. 1947 (DS 314191).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> weinbergii Weingart 1912:83.<br />
TL: North America (this plant has been relocated near Sombrerete, Zacatecas, Mexico).<br />
Synonym:<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. weinbergii (Weingart) Taylor 1985a:272.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> weinbergii var. albispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:175 nom. nud.<br />
*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> whipplei var. heilii (spelling error for Echinocactus whipplei).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> winterianus* Kunzmann 1985:79. nom. nud.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> zuniensis* Eng. & Big. ex Haage & Schmidt 1918 nom. nud., in advertisement opposite p. 74 Monatsschrift für<br />
Kakteenkunde 28(7) (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis var. zuniensis).<br />
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303. E. websterianus. 304. E. weinbergii (E. pulchellus var. weinbergii).<br />
305. E. weinbergii (E. pulchellus var. weinbergii). 306. E. apachensis.<br />
307. E. apachensis. 308. E. carmenensis.<br />
309. E. carmenensis. 310. E. santaritensis.<br />
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Addenda<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer subsp. tubiflorus Rischer in Blum et al. 1998:404.<br />
TL: Mexico: Zacatecas - Durango border: Sierra de los Huitcholes, San Juan Capistrano, W. Rischer 017, Apr. 1990, 2580 m<br />
[ZSS AX 17983].<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> apachensis Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:101.<br />
TL: Arizona, Maricopa Co., Apache Trail, near Fish Creek, Mc Kelvey 735, 18 Feb. 1929 [US 1532949]<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus subsp. nigrihorridispinus Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:365.<br />
TL: New Mexico: Luna County, west of Deming, 1500 - 1800 m , HK 1054 [ZSS AX 17982]<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bristolii subsp. floresii (Backeberg) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:348, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> floresii .<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> carmenensis Blum, Lange & Scherer in Blum et al. 1998:221.<br />
TL: Mexico: Coahuila: Sierra del Carmen, 1500 - 1700 m , W. Blum cult ex SB 1476, May 1987 [ZSS A 17986]<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus subsp. cylindricus (Engelmann) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 19986:205, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. cylindricus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus subsp. rhyolithensis Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:208.<br />
TL: New Mexico: Sierra Co, Lake Valley, P. Pierce 110 in 1961 [NM]<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens subsp. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:141, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ehrenbergii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus subsp. aggregatus (Engelmann ex Watson) Blum, Lange & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:423.<br />
Basionym: Mammillaria aggregata Engelmann ex Watson1878:398 validating Mammillaria aggregata Engelmann. In: Emory<br />
1848:157 nom. prov.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus subsp. paucispinus (Engelmann) Blum, Lange & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:430, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus subsp. roemeri (Muehlenpfordt) Blum, Lange & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:428, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> roemeri<br />
Muehlenpfordt (not Engelmann).<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus subsp. rosei (Wooton & Standley) Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:421, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus subsp. rectispinus (Trocha & Fethke) Blum, Rischer & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:118, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
dasyacanthus var. rectispinus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii subsp. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:77, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> decumbens.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii subsp. fasciculatus (Engelmann ex Watson) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:79, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri subsp. hempelii (Fobe) Blum in Blum et al. 1998:93. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hempelii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii subsp. albertii (L. Benson) Blum & Lange comb. & stat. nov. in Blum et al. 1998:309, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albertii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii subsp. armatus (Poselger) Blum, Lange & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:310, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fobeanus subsp. metornii (Frank) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:303, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> metornii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> klapperi Blum in Blum et al. 1998:376.<br />
TL: Mexico: Sonora: El Novillo, ca. 500 m, Ingo Klapper, IK 0121, 12 Mar. 1983 [ZSS A 17985].<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus subsp. kruegeri (Glass & Foster) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:246, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus var. kruegeri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus subsp. reyesii (Lau) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:248, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus var. reyesii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus subsp. freudenbergeri (Frank) Blum in Blum et al. 1998:187, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> freudenbergeri.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus subsp. hancockii (Dawson) Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:57, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hancockii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> neocapillus (Weniger) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:219, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. neocapillus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus subsp. mombergerianus (Frank) Blum, Rischer & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:413, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mombergerianus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri subsp. arteagensis Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:175.<br />
TL: Mexico: Border-country Coahuila/Nuevo León: Arteaga Cañon, 2250 m, leg. U. Guzmán in Sánchez-Mejorada 3807 [MEXU].<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri subsp. mazapilensis Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:173.<br />
TL: Mexico: Zacatecas: 0,3 km from El Cobre, nr. Mazapil, 2750 m, pine forest, 1987, Sánchez-Mejorada et al. 4041 [MEXU].<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus subsp. wenigeri (Benson) Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:111, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. wenigeri .<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus subsp. procumbens (Engelmann) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:129, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus subsp. acanthosetus (Arias & Guzmán) Blum in Blum et al. 1998:259, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. acanthosetus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus subsp. venustus Blum & Rischer in Blum et al. 1998:255.<br />
TL: Mexico: San Luis Potosí: San Luis Potosí - Aguascalientes border, 2100 m, Lau 1036, W. Rischer, 05 Dec. 1974 [ZSS A 17984].<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii subsp. caespitosus (Engelmann) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:320, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus subsp. fiehnii (Trocha) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:213, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. fiehnii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus subsp. weedinii Leuck ex Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:216, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. weedinii.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> santaritensis Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:369.<br />
TL: Arizona: Santa Cruz Co., Santa Rita Mts., 1600 - 1700 m , Jürgen Rutow JR 52 - 56, 16 Apr. 1996 [UA].<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scopulorum subsp. pseudopectinatus ( Taylor) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:337, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pseudopectinatus.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus subsp. mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:357, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus subsp. mojavensis fa inermis (Schumann) Blum in Blum et al. 1998:360, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viereckii subsp. huastecensis Blum, Lange & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:157.<br />
TL: Mexico: Nuevo León: Cañon de Rayones, 15 km west of Hwy Fed. 85 on Hwy N.L. 6,550 m, 9 Jun. 1986, N.P. Taylor 192<br />
[K-flowering stem in spirit].<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus subsp. correllii (Benson) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:198, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. correllii.<br />
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Abbreviazioni degli Erbari / Herbarium Abbreviations<br />
(ARIZ) University of Arizona, Tucson<br />
(B) Dahlem Botanical Museum, Berlin<br />
(CA) California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco<br />
(DES) Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix<br />
(DS) Dudley Herbarium, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco<br />
(JE) Friedrich - Schiller University, Jena<br />
(K) Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew<br />
(LAM) Natural History Museum of Los Angeles<br />
(MEXU) Universidad Autónoma de Mexico<br />
(MICH) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor<br />
(MO) Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis<br />
(NY) NY - Botanical Garden, New York<br />
(OKL) University of Oklahoma, Norman<br />
(P) Musée d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris<br />
(POM) Pomona College, Claremont, California<br />
(PRC) Charles University, Prague<br />
(UC) University of California, Berkeley<br />
(UNM) University of New Mexico, Albuquerque<br />
(US) United States National Herbarium, Washington, DC<br />
(WU) University of Vienna<br />
(ZSS) Städtische Sukkulenten-Sammlung, Zürich<br />
Altre abbreviazioni/Other abbreviations<br />
Auct.? autore sconosciuto/author unknown.<br />
fa. forma.<br />
HK Catalogo/catalogue Horst Kuenzler.<br />
Hort. Hortus (nome orticulturale/garden name).<br />
nom. illegit. nome illegittimo secondo le norme della nomenclatura botanica/name that is illegitimate according to the rules of botanical<br />
nomenclature.<br />
nom. inval. nome invalido secondo le norme della nomenclatura botanica/name that is invalid according to the rules of botanical<br />
nomenclature.<br />
nom. nud. nome privo di descrizione/a name without any description.<br />
nom. prov. nome provvisorio/a provisional name.<br />
pro syn. come sinonimo di/as a synonym for.<br />
sp. species.<br />
subsp. subspecies.<br />
TL località tipo/type locality.<br />
var. varietas.<br />
(?) luogo del campione tipo sconosciuto/location of type specimen unknown.<br />
Bibliografia/Bibliography<br />
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Backeberg, Curt (1966). Das Kakteenlexikon. Fischer, Jena.<br />
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Kunzmann, Heinrich (1985). Erweiterung der Einteilung der Gattung <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Engelmann. Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten. 36:72-81.<br />
Labouret, J. (1853). Monographie de la famille des Cactées. Dusacq, Paris.<br />
Lahman, Marion S. (1935). Notes on Oklahoma cacti, IV <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 6:141-144.<br />
Lahman, Marion S. (1936). Notes on Oklahoma cacti. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 7:135-136.<br />
Lahman, Marion S. (1950). <strong>Echinocereus</strong> oklahomensis. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 22:128.<br />
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* indicates work not seen.<br />
Las Cruces, New Mexico 20 February 1998.<br />
E. acifer (E. polyacanthus var. densus) Fresnillo, Zac, Mx (Photo L. Di Martino).<br />
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Riferimenti alle illustrazioni/Index Iconography<br />
Nota: come nelle didascalie che accompagnano le foto, il primo nome (in neretto) è un nome primario o altro nome<br />
dell’Index. Il secondo nome (in corsivo fra parentesi tonde) indica, a beneficio del lettore, il sinonimo tassonomico<br />
secondo la trattazione di N. P. Taylor (sono stati esaminati: Taylor 1985b, 1988, 1989 e 1993). Cult. pl. = pianta in<br />
coltivazione; type loc. = località tipo; field collected = pianta raccolta in habitat.<br />
Note: As in the photo captions, the first name is a primary Index name (boldface), or another Index name. When existing and<br />
relevant, the second name (in italics, within round brackets) indicates for the reader’s convenience the taxonomical synonym according<br />
to the treatment by N.P. Taylor (examined: Taylor 1985b, 1988, 1989 and 1993). Cult. pl. = cultivated plant; type loc. = type<br />
locality.<br />
Numeri di raccolta/Field numbers: DK = Duke Benadom; BW = Wolfgang Blum, SB = Steven Brack; RH = Roger<br />
Hillman, HK = Horst Kuenzler; NM = New Mexico Cactus Research (Horst Kuenzler); WM = Wendell S. Minnich; P =<br />
G. Pichler; SP = Steven Plath.<br />
1. E. acifer (E. polyacanthus var. densus): in habitat, Aguascalientes Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
2. E. acifer (E. polyacanthus var. densus): cult. pl. from Fresnillo, Zac Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
3. E. adustus: cult. pl. ex SB 072, type loc., Chih Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
4. E. albispinus (E. reichenbachii var. baileyi): cult pl. ex HK 1840, Tishomingo, Okl USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
5. “E. amoenus”: cult. pl., nessun dato di raccolta/no field data (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
6. “E. amoenus”: cult. pl., nessun dato di raccolta/no field data (Photo: W.S. LaHaye).<br />
Nota: Le piante qui raffigurate sono esemplari generici del taxon a fiore rosa che per lungo tempo è stato<br />
chiamato “amoenus” nelle nostre collezioni. La descrizione originale di E. amoenus combacia con la descrizione di<br />
E. pulchellus. Si suppone che la pianta in coltivazione chiamata “amoenus” provenga da sudovest di San Luís Potosí<br />
e, secondo Taylor, dovrebbe essere correlata a E. weinbergii.<br />
Note: The plants featured here are generic specimens of the pink-flowered taxon that has been called for a long time “amoenus”<br />
in our collections. The original description of E. amoenus matches closely the description of E. pulchellus. The “amoenus” in<br />
cultivation is supposed to be from SW of San Luis Potosí, and according to Taylor should be ranked as close to E. weinbergii.<br />
7. E. angusticeps (E. papillosus var. angusticeps): cult. pl. ex SB 1787, Hidalgo Co., NM USA (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
8. E. arizonicus (E. coccineus): in habitat near Superior, Az USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
9. E. baileyi (E. reichenbachii var. baileyi): cult. pl. ex HK 1448, Okl USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
10. E. baileyi var. brunispinus (E. reichenbachii var. baileyi): cult. pl. ex HK 1841, Kiowa Co., Okl USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
11. E. barthelowanus: cult. pl., nessun dato/no data (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
12. E. barthelowanus: flower of cult. pl. from Isla Magdalena, BC Mx (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
13. E. berlandieri: cult. pl., la vera forma con fiore a gola scura, dal Texas centrale/the true form with dark throat, from<br />
central Texas, USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
14. ?E. blanckii: questa è la pianta solitamente chiamata “blanckii” nelle nostre collezioni, coltivata nel vivaio Haage in<br />
Erfurt, Germania/this is the plant that used to be called “blanckii” in our collections, cultivated in Haage nursery, Erfurt,<br />
Germany (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
15. E. bonatzii: cult. pl. ex H.B. 1/93, type loc. (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
16. E. bonkerae (E. fasciculatus var. bonkerae): in habitat, N. of Tucson, Az USA (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
17. E. bonkerae (E. fasciculatus var. bonkerae): cult. pl. ex SB 522, Salt River Canyon, Gila Co., Az USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
18. E. boyce-thompsonii (E. fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii): in habitat, Boyce-Thompson Arboretum, Az USA (Photo:<br />
M. Lange).<br />
19. E. boyce-thompsonii (E. fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii): in habitat, N. of Tucson, Az USA (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
20. E. brandegeei: in habitat, Cabo San Lucas, BCS Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
21. E. brandegeei: cult. pl. field collected, Mulege, BCS Mx (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
22. E. brandegeei: dettaglio del fiore della pianta precedente/flower close-up of the above plant (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
23. E. bristolii: in habitat near El Novillo, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
24. E. bristolii: cult.pl. field collected by W. Minnich (WM 8212) at type loc. (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
25. E. bristolii: cult pl., from near El Novillo, Son Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
26. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii): cult. pl. ex HK 1420, Johnston Co., Okl USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
27. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii): cult. pl. ex HK 1621, Tx USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
28. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii): cult. pl. ex HK 1636, Wichita Co., Tx USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
29. E. caespitosus var. castaneus (E. reichenbachii): cult. pl. ex HK 1843, SW Okl USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
30. E. carnosus (?E. enneacanthus var. brevispinus): cult. pl. nessun dato, dal vivaio Cerutti, Fréjus, Francia/no data, from<br />
Cerutti’s nursery, Fréjus, France (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />
31. E. chisoensis: cult. pl. ex SB 955, Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
32. E. chisoensis: in habitat, Big Bend Natl. Park (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
33. E. chloranthus (E. viridiflorus var. chloranthus): forma generica e non documentata in coltivazione/a generic form in<br />
cultivation, undocumented (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
34. E. chloranthus var. neocapillus: cult. pl. ex HK 1285, Tx USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
35. E. chloranthus var. neocapillus: cult. pl. field collected (DK 046) Tx USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
36. E. cinerascens: in habitat (DK 226), off Hw. 57 near C. Quemado, SLP Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
37. E. cinerascens var. septentrionalis: cult. pl., Hort. Berlin ex Leuenberger & Schiers 2582 (Photo: B. Leuenberger).<br />
38. E. coccineus: cult. pl. field collected (DK 087), Colorado off Hw. 140 one mile from NM, USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
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39. E. coccineus: cult. pl. ex HK 1586, Black Range of Sierra Co., NM USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
40. E. coccineus var. inermis (E. coccineus): in habitat (DK 575), Paradox Mesa, Utah USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
41. E. coccineus var. inermis (E. coccineus): cult. pl. from La Sal Mtns, Utah USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
42. E. conglomeratus (E. stramineus): in habitat, Huasteca Canyon, NL Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
43. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus): cult. pl. from Melchor Muzquiz, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
44. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus): in habitat, Cumbres de Majalca, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
45. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus): in habitat, General Trias, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
Nota: L’identificazione nelle due ultime fotografie non è certa. Alcuni vedono in queste piante delle forme di E.<br />
pectinatus con fiori di colori differenti.<br />
Note: The identification in the latter two photos is not absolute. Some people view the plants as forms of E. pectinatus with<br />
different flower colours.<br />
46. E. cucumis (E. scheeri var. gentryi): cult. pl., senza dati/undocumented (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />
47. E. dasyacanthus: in habitat, Ojinaga, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
48. E. dasyacanthus: in habitat, Sanderson, Tx USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
49. E. dasyacanthus: in habitat, Carlsbad, NM USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
50. E. dasyacanthus var. rectispinus: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: M.&A. Ohr).<br />
51. E. dasyacanthus var. rectispinus: cult. pl. ex HK 1502, near Flores Magon, Chih Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
52. E. davisii (E. viridiflorus var. davisii): cult. pl. ex HK 1221, type loc., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
53. E. delaetii (E. longisetus var. delaetii): cult. pl., nessun dato, esemplare eccezionale nella collezione di L. Gavazzi<br />
presso Pistoia /no data, an exceptionally large specimen in the collection of L. Gavazzi, near Pistoia, Tuscany (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
54. E. delaetii (E. longisetus var. delaetii): cult. pl., nessun dato, un altro bell’esemplare nella collezione di D. Benadom/<br />
no data, another beautiful specimen, in the collection of D. Benadom (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
55. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus): cult. pl. ex NM 2662, Dgo Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
56. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus): cult. pl. from El Salto, Dgo Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
57. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus): cult. pl. ex Lau 788, Puerto Coneto, Dgo Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
58. E. ehrenbergii (E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii): in habitat, Rio Tula, Hid Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
59. E. ehrenbergii (E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii): cult. pl., Moorten Botanical Garden, località sconosciuta/loc. unknown<br />
(Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
60. E. engelmannii: in habitat, Meling Ranch, BC Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
61. E. engelmannii: in habitat (DK 452), Squaw Mountain, Ca USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
62. E. engelmannii: cult. pl. from Catavina, BC Mx (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
63. E. engelmannii var. acicularis: cult. pl. field collected near Joshua Tree Natl. Park, Ca USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
64. E. engelmannii var. armatus: cult. pl. field coll. near Victorville, Ca USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
65. E. engelmannii var. armatus: cult. pl. ex ERC 1111 (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />
66. E. engelmannii var. armatus (sinistra/left) E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus (destra/right): crescono affiancati presso/<br />
growing side by side near Victorville, Ca USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
67. E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus: cult. pl. field collected, Shell Creek Range, White Pine Co., Nevada USA (Photo:<br />
B. R. Beaston).<br />
68. E. engelmannii var. howei: cult. pl., field collected S. Bernardino Co., Ca USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
69. E. engelmannii var. howei: cult. pl. (DK 491), field collected N of Needles, Ca USA adjacent Nevada border<br />
(Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
70. E. engelmannii var. nicholii (E. nicholii): in habitat, Red Rock, Az USA (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
71. E. engelmannii var. nicholii (E. nicholii): cult. pl. field collected, Az USA (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />
72. E. engelmannii var. purpureus: cult. pl. from field collected cutting, Washington Co., Utah USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
73. E. engelmannii var. variegatus: cult. pl. from type loc., Marble Canyon, Az USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
74. E. engelmannii var. variegatus: cult. pl. from near Page, Az USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
75. E. enneacanthus: in habitat along Hw. 40, Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
76. E. enneacanthus: in habitat, Sierra de la Paila, Coah Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
77. E. enneacanthus fa. brevispinus (E. enneacanthus var. brevispinus): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
78. E. fasciculatus: in habitat ca. 20 km east of type loc., Az USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
79. E. fendleri: cult. pl. ex HK 1014, NM USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
80. E. fendleri: cult. pl. ex HK 1266, una miniatura nel complesso fendleri/a miniature form in the fendleri complex,<br />
Coconino Co., Az USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
81. E. fendleri: HK 1266, flower close-up (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
82. E. ferreirianus: cult. pl. nessun dato/no data (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
83. E. ferreirianus: cult. pl. from Sierra San Francisco, BC Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
84. E. fitchii (E. reichenbachii var. fitchii): cult. pl. ex SB 853, Jim Hogg Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
85. E. floresii (E. sciurus var. floresii): cult. pl. ex Lau 071, type loc. Topolobampo, Sin Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
86. E. floresii (E. sciurus var. floresii): dettaglio della pianta precedente/flower close-up of the above (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
87. E. fobeanus (E. chisoensis var. fobeanus): cult. pl. nessun dato/no data (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
88. E. fobeanus (E. chisoensis var. fobeanus): dettaglio di pianta acquistata presso il vivaio DeHerdt/flower close-up of plant<br />
purchased from DeHerdt Nursery (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
89. E. freudenbergeri (E. nivosus): cult. pl. ex Lau 1032, Sierra de la Paila, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
90. E. freudenbergeri (E. nivosus): flower of Lau 1032 (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
91. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi): fusto da una pianta raccolta in habitat da Ed Gay il 17 maggio 1970 (dati non<br />
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divulgati, originariamente nella collezione Tegelberg)/stem from a plant collected in the field by Ed Gay on 17 May<br />
1970 (data withheld, formerly in the Tegelberg collection) (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
Nota: Questa pianta è conforme al tipo come originariamente descritto da H. S. Gentry, con spine brevi ma<br />
evidenti (fino a 5 mm di lunghezza) lungo tutto il fusto.<br />
Note: This plant fits the true type as originally described by H. S. Gentry, with short but conspicuous spines (up to 5 mm long)<br />
all over the stem.<br />
92. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi): fiore di una forma generica in coltivazione quasi priva di spine/flower of cult. pl.<br />
generic almost spineless form (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
93. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi): cult. pl., un bell’esemplare della forma senza spine/a beautiful specimen of the<br />
spineless form (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
94. E. gonacanthus (E. triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus): in habitat (DK 583), Monarch Pass, Utah USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
95. E. gonacanthus (E. triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus): in habitat, Corona, NM USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
96. E. grandis: in habitat, Isla S. Esteban, BC Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
97. E. grandis: cult. pl., field collected by Ed Gay, Isla S. Esteban, BC Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
98. E. grandis: close-up of cult. pl. field collected by Ed Gay, Isla S. Esteban, BC Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
99. E. hancockii (E. maritimus var. hancockii): in habitat San Hipolito, BC Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
100. E. hancockii (E. maritimus var. hancockii): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
101. E. hempelii (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri): cult. pl. ex Lau 1380, type loc. S. Clara Canyon, Chih Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
102. E. hempelii (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri): in habitat, type loc. (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
103. E. hempelii (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri): cult. pl. ex HK 1489 la forma di San Buenaventura, Chih Mx, con spine<br />
centrali rivolte verso l’alto/the form from San Buenaventura, Chih Mx, with upward central spines (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
104. E. hidalgensis*: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: U. Raudonat).<br />
Nota: Questa fotografia mostra la pianta di Backeberg nota con questo nome. Potrebbe essere considerata una<br />
forma o varietà ancora priva di nome di E. cinerascens.<br />
Note: This slide features the Backeberg plant known with this name. Possibly to be considered a form or unnamed variety of E.<br />
cinerascens.<br />
105. E. huitcholensis (E. polyacanthus var. huitcholensis): cult. pl. ex Lau 1082, Hw. 40 Km 205, Dgo Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
106. E. huitcholensis (E. polyacanthus var. huitcholensis): cult. pl. ex Lau 768, Plomosos, Sin Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
Nota: Questa forma è entrata a far parte delle collezioni con il nome di E. plomosus*. Spesso il tubo floreale<br />
mostra una densa lanuggine, ed è considerata da alcuni come distinta da E. huitcholensis.<br />
Note: This form has entered collections with the name E. plomosus*. Often it shows a floral tube with dense cobwebby wool, and<br />
is regarded by some as distinct from E. huitcholensis.<br />
107. E. knippelianus: cult. pl., senza dati/ no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
108. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri: in habitat, type loc. near S. Juanito, NL Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
109. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri: cult. pl. ex Lau 1237, Los Pocitos, NL Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
110. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri: close-up of cult. pl., Ascension, NL Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
111. E. knippelianus var. reyesii (E. knippelianus var. kruegeri): cult. pl. ex Lau 1237a, Dr. Arroyo, NL Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
112. E. knippelianus var. reyesii (E. knippelianus var. kruegeri): fiori che spuntano dall’apice del fusto/flowers emerging<br />
from tip of the stem, ex Lau 1237a (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
113. Wilcoxia kroenleinii (E. poselgeri): cult. pl. ex HK 379, S Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
114. E. kuenzleri (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri): in habitat, type loc. Otero Co., Sacramento Mtns., Elk, NM USA (Photo: W.<br />
S. LaHaye).<br />
115. E. kuenzleri (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri): cult. pl. ex SB 353, Otero Co., NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
116. E. laui: cult. pl. ex Lau 780, type loc., El Trigo, Son Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
117. E. ledingii (E. fendleri var. ledingii): cult. pl. field collected in Az USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
118. E. ledingii (E. fendleri var. ledingii): cult. pl. ex SB 212, Graham Co. Az USA; la foto raffigura la forma più rara a<br />
spine curve/showing the occurrence of a rarer form with curved spines (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
119. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis): cult. pl. from type loc. near Monterrey, NL Mx (Photo: J. Rutow,<br />
courtesy of M. Lange).<br />
120. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis): cult. pl., a slender form from Estacion Marte, Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
121. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis): close-up of G&F 2228, San Juan de Dios, Dgo Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
122. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis): cult. pl. from Arteaga, Coah Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />
123. E. leucanthus: cult. pl. non documentata/undocumented (Photo: W.S. LaHaye).<br />
124. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi): in habitat, type loc. S of Catavina, BCN Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
125. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi): plant ex habitat, in cultivation (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
126. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi): flower of cult. pl. senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
127. E. lloydii (E. coccineus x E. dasyacanthus): in habitat, Fort Stockton, Tx USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
128. E. lloydii (vedi/see 127): flower close-up of cult. pl., no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
129. E. longisetus: cult. pl. from Cuatrocienegas, Coah Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />
130. E. longisetus: dettaglio della pianta precedente/flower close-up of previous plant (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />
131. E. longisetus (forma): in habitat (DK 522), near Cuatrocienegas, Coah Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
132. E. luteus (E. subinermis): cult. pl. ex Lau 075, San Antonio Alamos, Son Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
133. E. maritimus: in habitat San Quintin, BC Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
134. E. maritimus: dettaglio della foto precedente/close-up of the above (Photo: M.&A. Ohr).<br />
135. E. marksianus* (E. polyacanthus var. densus): in habitat (DK 626), mountain near S. Andreas de Cubo, Guanajuato<br />
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Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
Nota: Questa popolazione sembra conforme alla pianta di Schwarz descritta da Backeberg ma invalida. Cresce<br />
nella località tipo di Mammillaria schwarzii.<br />
Note: This population appears to match Schwarz’s plant, invalidly described by Backeberg. It grows at the type loc. of Mammillaria<br />
schwarzii.<br />
136. E. matthesianus* (E. polyacanthus var. huitcholensis?): pianta ricevuta da Matthes nel 1970/plant received from Matthes<br />
in 1970 (Photo: U. Raudonat, courtesy of M. Lange).<br />
137. E. matthesianus* (vedi/see 136): dettaglio del fiore/close-up of flower (Photo: U. Raudonat, courtesy of M. Lange).<br />
138. E. matudae (E. coccineus): in habitat, Nuevo Casas Grandes, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
139. E. matudae (E. coccineus): in habitat, Nuevo Casas Grandes, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
140. E. merkeri (E. enneacanthus): cult. pl. (DK 118), near El Ampara, Coah Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
141. E. merkeri (E. enneacanthus): flower of cult. pl., Tegelberg collection, loc. unknown (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
142. E. metornii (E. chisoensis var. fobeanus): cult. pl., Sierra Mojada, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
143. E. milleri*: cult. pl. ex HK 370, San Angelo area, Coke Co., Tx USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
144. E. mojavensis (E. coccineus): in habitat, Grapevine Canyon, S. Bernardino Co., Ca USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
145. E. mojavensis (E. coccineus): in habitat, S. Bernardino Co., Ca USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
146. E. mombergerianus (E. polyacanthus var. pacificus): in habitat, Sierra San Pedro Martir, BC Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
147. E. morricalii (E. viereckii var. morricalii): cult. pl. ex HK 376, La Roca, NL Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
148. E. morricalii (E. viereckii var. morricalii): cult. pl., forma con spine/spined form ex HK seeds, no data (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
149. E. munzii (E. engelmannii var. munzii): in habitat at type loc. Garner Valley, Riverside Co., Ca USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
150. E. munzii (E. engelmannii var. munzii): cult. pl., near Big Bear City on Hw. 18, Ca USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
151. E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus): in habitat, Mesa at South end of Organ Mtns., Dona Ana Co., NM USA (Photo: T. Corbett).<br />
152. ?E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus): in habitat, Sierra Vista, Az USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
153. ?E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus): cult. pl. field collected by W. Minnich, Orogrande, NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
Nota: E. neomexicanus è quasi certamente un ibrido naturale di E. rosei ed E. chloranthus, con fiori rossi, non grandi,<br />
di forma simile a quelli di E. chloranthus, e petali acuti. Benson e Weniger hanno confuso il vero neomexicanus con<br />
forme di E. rosei. Le foto 152 e 153 sono probabilmente riferibili a “E. neomexicanus” sensu Weniger & Benson.<br />
Note: E. neomexicanus is likely to be a natural hybrid between E. rosei and E. chloranthus, with smallish red “chloranthus<br />
shaped” flowers with acute petals. Both Benson and Weniger confused the true neomexicanus with forms of E. rosei. Photos<br />
152. and 153. are probably referable to “E. neomexicanus” sensu Benson & Weniger.<br />
154. E. nicholii subsp. llanuraensis: cult. pl. ex habitat, near Guaymas, Son Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />
155. E. nicholii subsp. llanuraensis: cult. pl. ex HK 1501, near Guaymas, Son Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
156. E. nivosus: in habitat, type loc. El Cinco, Coah Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
157. E. nivosus: in habitat, type loc. El Cinco, Coah Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
158. E. nivosus: dettaglio del fiore/flower close-up of cult. pl., field collected by W. Minnich near El Cinco, Coah Mx<br />
(Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
159. E. ochoterenae (E. subinermis var. ochoterenae): cult. pl. ex Lau 624, type loc., Cerro de la Cobriza, Sin Mx (Photo: L.<br />
Di Martino).<br />
160. “E. octacanthus”: in habitat Big Bend Natl. Park, Tx USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
161. “E. octacanthus”: cult. pl. field collected near El Paso, Tx USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
162. “E. octacanthus”: flower close-up of cult. pl., Tegelberg collection, no data (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
Nota: E. octacanthus è un nome controverso e forse non più riesumabile. Le foto riproducono piante del gruppo<br />
coccineus a cui vari autori assegnano questo nome, ma che secondo alcuni sono da riferire piuttosto a E. roemeri.<br />
Note: E. octacanthus is a controversial and perhaps hopelessly lost name. The photos feature plants of the coccineus group<br />
usually going under that name, but probably properly referable to E. roemeri. (E. octacanthus had very heavy four-sided<br />
spines.)<br />
163. E. oklahomensis (E. reichenbachii var. baileyi): cult. pl. ex HK 1844, Okl USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
164. E. ortegae: flower of cult. pl. ex W. Blum (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
165. E. pacificus (E. polyacanthus var. pacificus): in habitat, S. Thomas, BCN Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
166. E. pacificus (E. polyacanthus var. pacificus): cult. pl. field collected by W. Minnich, Ensenada, BC Mx (Photo: W. S.<br />
LaHaye).<br />
167. E. pacificus (E. polyacanthus var. pacificus): flower close-up of the above plant (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
168. E. palmeri: in habitat, Santa Clara Canyon, Chih Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
169. E. palmeri: cult. pl. ex Lau 1565, General Escobedo, Guanacevi, Dgo Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
170. E. palmeri: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
171. E. pamanesiorum: cult. pl. ex Lau 1247, the type plant (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
172. E. papillosus: generic plant in cult., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
173. E. papillosus: cult. pl. grown from CSSA Depot seed, collected in South Texas (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
174. E. parkeri: in habitat, Aramberri, NL Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
175. E. parkeri: cult. pl. ex SP 9105 (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
176. E. parkeri: cult. pl. from Dr. Arroyo, NL Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
177. E. parkeri var. gonzalezii: cult. pl. ex Lau 1375, Dulces Nombres, NL Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
178. E. parkeri var. gonzalezii: close-up/ ex Lau 1375, Dulces Nombres, NL Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
179. E. paucispinus (E. coccineus): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
180. E. pectinatus: in habitat near Las Palomas, SLP Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
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181. E. pectinatus: in habitat, Hw. 57 turn off at El Carmen (El Tule), SLP Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
182. E. pectinatus: in habitat, Santiago Papasquiaro, Dgo Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
183. E. pectinatus: in habitat, San Roberto, NL Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
184. E. pectinatus: cult. pl. ex HK 1127, Rio Florido/La Zarca, Dgo Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
185. E. pectinatus: cult. pl. ex SB 1035, Huizache, SLP Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
186. E. pectinatus var. armatus (E. reichenbachii var. armatus): cult. pl. from Huasteca Canyon, NL Mx (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
187. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus (E. rigidissimus): in habitat Pedregosa Mtns., Chiricahua, Az USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
188. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus (E. rigidissimus): in habitat Santa Rita Mtns, Az USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
189. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus (E. rigidissimus): cult. pl. from San Nicola, Son Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
190. E. pectinatus var. rubispinus (E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus): cult. pl. ex Lau 088, type loc., Chih Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
191. E. pectinatus var. rubispinus (E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus): ex Lau 088, pianta premiata/a prize-winning specimen<br />
(Photo and coll.: D. Benadom).<br />
192. E. pectinatus var. wenigeri: cult. pl. ex SB 380, Val Verde Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
193. E. pensilis: cult. pl. from Sierra de Laguna, BCS Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
194. E. pensilis: in habitat, Sierra de Laguna, BCS Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
195. E. pentalophus: cult. pl. ex Lau 660, Sierra de la Paila, Coah Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
196. E. pentalophus: in habitat, headwaters of Rio Pilon, NL Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
197. E. pentalophus: in habitat, a form from near Dr. Arroyo, NL Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
198. E. perbellus (E. reichenbachii var. perbellus): cult. pl. ex SB 259, Eddy Co., NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
199. E. polyacanthus: in habitat, Zaragoza, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
200. E. polyacanthus: cult. pl. ex SB 191, Cosihuiriachi, Chih Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
201. E. polyacanthus: cult. pl. field collected by W. Minnich, Cumbres de Majalca, Chih Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
202. E. polyacanthus: cult. pl. ex Lau 1581, Mesa de Huracan, Chih Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
203. E. polyacanthus: flower close-up of Lau 1581 (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
204. E. polyacanthus: cult. pl. ex Lau 1544, Sierra de la Cienega, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
Nota: Questa è una forma molto particolare che potrebbe meritare un proprio status.<br />
Note: This is a very distinctive form, possibly deserving a separate status.<br />
205. E. poselgeri: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
206. E. primolanatus: in habitat, Sierra de la Paila, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
207. E. primolanatus: cult. pl., Cuatrocienegas, Coah Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
208. E. primolanatus: cult. pl. ex HK 2730, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
209. E. procumbens (E. pentalophus): cult. pl. field collected, Starr Co., Tx USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
210. ?E. procumbens (E. pentalophus): cult. pl. ex SB 1023, J. Hogg Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
211. E. pseudopectinatus: cult. pl. ex Lau 607, the type, Moctezuma, Son Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
212. E. pseudopectinatus: cult. pl. ex SB 247, Cochise Co., Az USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
213. E. pulchellus: cult. pl., the form “aguirrei”, Xmiquilpan Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
214. E. pulchellus: flower close-up of the above plant (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
215. E. pulchellus var. sharpii: cult. pl. from type loc., Ascension, NL Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
216. E. pulchellus var. sharpii: in habitat, type loc. (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
217. E. purpureus (E. reichenbachii): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
218. E. radians (E. adustus): cult. pl., una forma di E. adustus con lunghe spine centrali, senza dati/a form of E. adustus<br />
with long central spines, no data (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
219. ?E. radians (E. adustus): cult. pl., raccolta in habitat nella località tipo della var. adustus/field collected at the type loc.<br />
of var. adustus (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
220. E. rayonesensis: cult. pl. ex Lau 1101, type loc. Rayones, NL Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
221. E. rayonesensis: Lau 1101, si noti il fiore vicino alla base del fusto/showing flower near stem base (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
222. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus): in habitat, Pedregosa Mtns., Chiricahua Az USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
223. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
224. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus): cult. pl. ex HK 1416, la forma distribuita con il nome/the form distributed<br />
as “longispinus”, Jarilla Mtns., NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
225. E. reichenbachii: in habitat near Saltillo, Coah Mx (Photo: G. Orbani).<br />
226. E. reichenbachii: cult. pl. ex Lau 1061, Las Crucitas, Zaragoza, Tam Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
227. E. reichenbachii: cult. pl. ex Lau 1394, Llera, Tam Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
228. E. reichenbachii: in habitat, Enchanted Rock, Tx USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
229. E. reichenbachii: cult. pl. ex SB 387, Kimble Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
230. E. reichenbachii var. albertii (E. reichenbachii var. fitchii): cult. pl., no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
Nota: La pianta illustrata è il sinonimo E. melanocentrus*.<br />
Note: The plant figured here is the synonymous E. melanocentrus*.<br />
231. E. robustus (E. fasciculatus): in habitat, Vale, Az USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
232. E. robustus (E. fasciculatus): imported plant in cult., no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
233. E. roemeri (E. coccineus): cult. pl., no exact data (but Centr. Tx) (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
234. E. roetteri (E. coccineus x E. dasyacanthus): in habitat, Orogrande, NM USA (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
235. E. roetteri (vedi/see 234): cult. pl. field collected by W. Minnich, Orogrande, NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
236. E. rosei (E. coccineus): in habitat E of Las Cruces, NM USA (a photo taken April 1969 by T. Corbett).<br />
237. E. rosei (E. coccineus): in habitat NE of Las Cruces, NM USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
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238. E. russanthus: in habitat, Big Bend Natl. Park, Tx USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
239. E. russanthus: cult. pl. ex HK 1287 (var. cowperi*), Cooks Range, NM USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
240. E. russanthus: cult. pl. ex HK 1531 (var. vulpis-cauda*), Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
241. E. russanthus var. fiehnii: cult. pl. ex Lau 1076, S. Clara Canyon, Chih Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
242. E. russanthus var. fiehnii: close-up of Lau 1076 (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
243. E. salm-dyckianus (E. scheeri): cult. pl., a generic form, no data (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
244. E. salm-dyckianus (E. scheeri): pianta in coltivazione con fusti sottili e pendenti, propagata da materiale raccolto in<br />
habitat, dati perduti/cult. pl. with long, thin, pendant stems, grown from habitat collected material, data lost long ago<br />
(Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
245. E. salmianus (E. scheeri): pianta in coltivazione col nome “salmianus”, originaria della collezione di G. Tegelberg,<br />
dati persi/cult. pl. labelled as “salmianus”, this plant originates from the late G. Tegelberg’s collection, data lost long ago<br />
(Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
246. ?E. sanborgianus (E. brandegeei): pianta coltivata di dubbia identificazione e senza dati /cult. pl., doubtful<br />
identification, no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
247. E. sanpedroensis: pianta in coltivazione acquistata come E. subterraneus* Backeberg, senza dati/cult. pl., this plant<br />
was purchased as E. subterraneus* Backeberg, no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
248. E. sanpedroensis: cult. pl. ex Lau 1520, Hw. from Choix to San Vicente, Sin Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
249. E. sarissophorus (E. enneacanthus): in habitat (DK 521), N of Bermejillo, Dgo Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
250. E. scheeri: in habitat, Maycoba-Yepachic, Son Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
251. E. scheeri: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
252. E. scheeri: cult. pl. ex Lau 603, Aguas Blancas, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
Nota: L’attribuzione del numero di Lau è incerta dato che l’elenco di numeri di campo pubblicato dalla AfM<br />
(Germania) assegna Lau 603 a E. tayopensis!<br />
Note: The attribution of Lau number is uncertain, as the field-numbers list published by AfM (Germany) assigns Lau 603 to E.<br />
tayopensis!<br />
253. E. scheeri: cult. pl. ex Lau 092, a form from Sierra Obscura, Chih Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
254. E. scheeri var. koehresianus (E. ortegae): cult. pl. ex Lau 1143, type loc. (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
255. E. scheeri var. koehresianus (E. ortegae): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
256. E. scheeri var. obscuriensis: cult. pl. ex Lau 091, type loc., Chih Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
257. E. scheeri var. obscuriensis: close-up of the flower of Lau 091 (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
258. E. schereri: cult pl. ex P 300, type loc., Dgo Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
259. E. schereri: cult. pl. ex NM 2728, Rio Nazas, Dgo Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
260. E. schmollii: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
261. E. schmollii: un esemplare di Wilcoxia nerispina* ricevuto da A. Lau, che vive associata in situ a Lau 1178/a<br />
specimen of Wilcoxia nerispina* received from A. Lau, growing as associative plant on the site of Lau 1178, Vista Hermosa,<br />
Que Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
262. E. schwarzii (E. adustus var. schwarzii): cult. pl. ex Lau 1305, type loc., Dgo Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
263. E. sciurus: cult. pl. (DK 394), N of Cabo San Lucas, BCS Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
264. E. sciurus: in habitat, Cabo San Lucas, BCS Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
265. E. scopulorum: cult. pl. from San Carlos, Son Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
266. E. scopulorum: pianta raccolta come giovane semenzale/a plant collected as a small seedling nr. Guaymas, Son Mx, in<br />
1981 (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
267. E. spinibarbis* (E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii): cult. pl. from Haage nursery, Erfurt, Germany (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
268. E. spinigemmatus: cult. pl. ex Lau 1246, type loc., Jal Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
269. E. spinigemmatus: from a Lau field cutting, type loc. (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
270. E. standleyi (E. viridiflorus): in habitat near type loc., Elk, Sacramento Mtns, NM USA (Photo: T. Corbett).<br />
271. ?E. standleyi (E. viridiflorus): cult. pl. (DK 069), W of Marathon, Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />
Nota: Ma probabilmente una forma di E. viridiflorus var. correllii.<br />
Note: But probably may be viewed as a form of E. viridiflorus var. correllii.<br />
272. E. stoloniferus: cult. pl. from San Nicolas, Son Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
273. E. stoloniferus: cult. pl., generic form, no data (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
274. E. stramineus: in habitat, El Rincon, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
275. E. stramineus: in habitat, E of Cerro Bola, S. Lucia Microw. Station, Coah Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
276. E. stramineus: in habitat vicino a E. enneacanthus/in habitat growing side by side with E. enneacanthus at Cerro Bola,<br />
Coah Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />
277. E. stramineus: cult. pl., no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
278. E. stramineus (forma): cult. pl. ex P 1990, Huasteca Canyon, NL Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
Nota: Questa forma è stata in commercio a lungo come “sp. Huasteca Canyon”.<br />
Note: This form has been in the trade for a long time as “sp. Huasteca Canyon”.<br />
279. E. stramineus var. occidentalis: cult. pl. in Koehres nursery, Germany (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
280. E. subinermis: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
281. E. subinermis var. aculeatus (E. subinermis): cult. pl. da semi di piante tipo/from seed of type plants (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
282. E. tamaulipensis (E. poselgeri): cult. pl. ex Lau 1204, Hipolito, Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
283. E. tamaulipensis (E. poselgeri): cult. pl. field collected by Reineke near La Rosa, Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
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284. E. tamaulipensis subsp. deherdtii: pianta originale dal vivaio De Herdt, raccolta in habitat da Swoboda a/original<br />
plant from De Herdt nursery, field collected by Swoboda at El Sol, Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
285. E. tayopensis (E. stoloniferus var. tayopensis): cult. pl. ex Lau 779, Yecora, Son Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
286. E. triglochidiatus: esemplare di importazione, senza dati/ imported plant, no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
287. E. triglochidiatus var. gurneyi (E. coccineus): cult. pl. ex HK 1064, S of Marathon, Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo:<br />
W.S. LaHaye).<br />
288. E. triglochidiatus var. gurneyi (E. coccineus): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />
289. E. triglochidiatus var. toroweapensis: cult. pl. (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
290. E. tulensis (E. cinerascens var. tulensis): in habitat near Tula, Tam Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
291. E. viereckii: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
292. E. viereckii: cult. pl. ex Lau 1295, El Mirador-Dulces Nombres, Tam Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
293. E. viridiflorus: cult. pl. ex SB 137, Sandia Mtns, Bernalillo Co., NM USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
294. E. viridiflorus var. correllii: cult. pl. ex HK 1527, Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
295. E. viridiflorus var. correllii: cult. pl. ex ERC 263, Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
296. E. viridiflorus var. cylindricus: in habitat, Kent, Tx USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
297. E. viridiflorus var. cylindricus: cult. pl. ex HK 1388, Organ Mtns, Dona Ana Co., NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
298. E. viridiflorus var. weedinii: cult. pl. ex HK 1289, J.Davis Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
299. E. waldeisii: cult. pl. ex RH 119, W of Tula, Tam Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
Nota: Questa pianta viene da alcuni considerata identica a E. tamaulipensis subsp. deherdtii.<br />
Note: This plant is considered by some to be the same as E. tamaulipensis subsp. deherdtii.<br />
300. E. websterianus: in habitat, Isla San Pedro Nolasco, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
301. E. websterianus: in habitat, Isla San Pedro Nolasco, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />
302. E. websterianus: cult. pl. ex Lau 098, Isla San Pedro Nolasco, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
303. E. websterianus: cult. pl. ex Lau 098, Isla San Pedro Nolasco, Son Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />
304. E. weinbergii (E. pulchellus var. weinbergii): in habitat, Valparaiso, Zac Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />
305. E. weinbergii (E. pulchellus var. weinbergii): cult. pl. ex Lau 691, Sombrerete, Zac Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
306. E. apachensis: in habitat near type loc., Maricopa Co., Az USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
307. E. apachensis: cult. pl. ex BW 74, Maricopa Co., Az USA (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />
308. E. carmenensis: cult. pl. ex SB 1476, Sierra del Carmen, Coah Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />
309. E. carmenensis: ex SB 1476, stem and flower close-up (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />
Nota: Questa pianta è stata distribuita per anni con il nome di E. chloranthus var. nova (e successivamente come E.<br />
russanthus var. nova) da Mesa Garden.<br />
Note: This plant has been distributed over the years under the name of E. chloranthus var. nova (and subsequently as E.<br />
russanthus var. nova) by Mesa Garden.<br />
310. E. santaritensis: in habitat at type loc., Santa Cruz Co., Az USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />
105
Forme particolari<br />
1) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri (fasciculatus?), forma a fiore bianco.<br />
Questa forma notevole (diffusa in coltivazione sotto il<br />
nome di “E. fendleri var. albiflorus”) è considerata da alcuni<br />
una variante albina di E. fendleri var. rectispinus, e da altri<br />
una forma di E. fasciculatus, riferibile all’oscuro E. abbeae.<br />
È stata raccolta da Duke Benadom il 27 dicembre 1983<br />
(DK245) nella Sierra Viejo, Sonora, Messico. Ecco un estratto<br />
dalle sue note: “La montagna è di origine vulcanica. La<br />
flora del luogo comprende Agave pelona (molto abbondante<br />
ma solo sui pendii), A. zebrina, Hamatocactus uncinatus, Echi-<br />
nocereus scopulorum, E. stramineus ed Echinocactus<br />
horizonthalonius (con spine più corte della forma tipica).<br />
Trovo inoltre un Ferocactus non meglio identificato”. Da<br />
questa pianta sono stati prodotti talee e semi, successivamente<br />
distribuiti negli U.S.A. e in Europa. Come si può<br />
vedere nelle foto, nell’ambito di questa popolazione la colorazione<br />
dei fiori è piuttosto variabile, dal bianco con uno<br />
stretto anello scuro alla base, al rosa pallido con gola più<br />
scura. (Foto di D. Benadom)<br />
2) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri “fa. eremiticus”.<br />
La forma illustrata è stata ottenuta da semi di Horst<br />
Kuenzler senza numeri di raccolta. Sembra che i semi provengano<br />
da una popolazione isolata (da cui l’epiteto<br />
CACTUS & Co.<br />
S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />
Una foto in habitat e le differenti sfumature della forma DK 245.<br />
A photo in habitat, and the different colour shades of the form DK 245.<br />
106<br />
Some choice forms<br />
1) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri (fasciculatus?), white-flowered form.<br />
This striking form, introduced in recent years under the garden<br />
name of “E. fendleri var. albiflorus”, is viewed by some as a<br />
white-flowered form of E. fendleri var. rectispinus, and by others<br />
as a form of E. fasciculatus, referable to the old name E. abbeae<br />
Parson. It was collected by Duke Benadom on December 27, 1983<br />
(DK245), at the base of the Sierra Viejo, in Sonora, Mexico.<br />
Here is an excerpt from his field-notes: “The mountain is of<br />
volcanic origin. Its succulent flora includes Agave pelona<br />
(very abundant, but growing only on the cliff faces), A.<br />
zebrina, Hamatocactus uncinatus, <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
scopulorum, E. stramineus, and Echinocactus<br />
horizonthalonius (with much shorter spines than typical).<br />
Also a Ferocactus, not identified at the time”. Cuttings were<br />
taken and seeds were subsequently distributed in the U.S. and<br />
Europe. As shown in the photos, within the same population<br />
the flower colour is somewhat variable, from mostly white with<br />
narrow dark ring at base, to light pink with broader dark<br />
throat. (Photos by D. Benadom)<br />
2) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri “fa. eremiticus”.<br />
The form shown was grown from Horst Kuenzler seed, without<br />
a collection number. The habitat was said to be from an isolated<br />
population (whence the adjective “eremiticus”) somewhere on
“eremiticus”) nelle pianure del Nuovo Messico. La pianta<br />
ha 9 coste, 7 spine radiali (una delle quali è particolarmente<br />
evidente, essendo quasi bianca in contrasto con il corpo scuro<br />
della pianta, e punta verso il basso) e una spina centrale<br />
rivolta verso l’alto e spesso ricurva (nerastra ma con punta<br />
bianca o chiara) che può raggiungere i 7 cm di lunghezza.<br />
Questa forma è comparabile con (e può essere considerata<br />
come una variazione di) un altro taxon denominato da<br />
Kuenzler E. fendleri “var. longispinus” (HK 1416). Semi seminati<br />
nel 1987. (Foto di B. Beaston, maggio 1990)<br />
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the Plains of New Mexico. It has 9 ribs, 7 radial spines (one<br />
of which is particularly evident, being nearly white against<br />
the dark green body and pointing straight downwards), and<br />
one upward pointing and often twisted central spine (blackish,<br />
but white or light coloured at the tip), which can reach 3 inches<br />
in length. This form is comparable to (and may be seen as a<br />
variant of) another Kuenzler name: E. fendleri “var.<br />
longispinus” (HK 1416).<br />
(Seed sown in 1987, photo taken by B. Beaston in May 1990)<br />
E. fendleri “fa. eremiticus”. E. parkeri var. gonzalezii, forma a fiore<br />
bianco/white-flowered form.<br />
E. pentalophus “fa. albiflorus”. E. scheeri, forma.<br />
3) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri var. gonzalezii, forma a fiore bianco.<br />
Questo taxon ha di norma fiori rosa brillante. Più raramente<br />
si presenta una forma a fiore bianco. La pianta illustrata<br />
è originaria della popolazione di Dulces Nombres e<br />
porta il numero di raccolta Lau 1375. Pianta acquistata<br />
nel vivaio di W. Blum. (Coll. e foto di L. Gavazzi)<br />
4) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus “fa. albiflorus”.<br />
Questa splendida forma a fiore bianco porta il numero di<br />
riferimento ERC 759 (<strong>Echinocereus</strong> Reference Collection di D.<br />
Parker, Birmingham, U.K.). Pare essere originaria di Vista<br />
Hermosa, Queretaro, Messico. (Foto di esemplare innestato<br />
nella collezione di B. Beaston)<br />
5) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri, forma.<br />
Questa fotografia mostra una forma molto peculiare di E.<br />
scheeri, distribuita nel 1992 come ISI 92-3 e contraddistinta<br />
dal numero HBG 56062 degli Huntington Botanical Gardens.<br />
Cresce in densi gruppi formati da fusti sottili, con lunghi<br />
fiori color porpora, e venne raccolta da W. Reppenhagen<br />
l’8 febbraio 1980 a 700-1150 metri presso La Bufa, Barranca<br />
3) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri var. gonzalezii, white-flowered form.<br />
<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri var. gonzalezii has normally bright pink<br />
flowers. More rarely, a white-flowered form occurs. The plant shown<br />
originates from the Dulces Nombres population, bearing the<br />
collection number Lau 1375. The photo is taken from the collection<br />
of L. Gavazzi (plant purchased from W. Blum nursery).<br />
4) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus “fa. albiflorus”.<br />
This beautiful white-flowered form of E. pentalophus bears the<br />
ref. ERC 759 (the <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Reference Collection of D.<br />
Parker, Birmingham U.K.). It is reported from Vista Hermosa,<br />
Queretaro, MX. (Photo of a grafted stem, in the collection of B.<br />
Beaston)<br />
5) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri, form.<br />
This picture features a very distinctive form of E. scheeri,<br />
distributed in 1992 as ISI-92-3, and bearing the Huntington<br />
Botanical Gardens code HBG 56062. Growing in dense clumps<br />
of finger-like stems, with long tubular purplish flowers, it was<br />
collected by W. Reppenhagen on February 8, 1980, at 700-1150<br />
m alt. near La Bufa, Barranca del Cobre, Chihuahua, Mx.
del Cobre, Chihuahua, Messico. Secondo alcuni dovrebbe<br />
costituire varietà a sé stante. (coll. e foto B. Beaston)<br />
6) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii sp. Monte de Dios.<br />
Questa forma particolare ha circa 16 coste e scure spine<br />
pettinate (20 radiali e 1-3 centrali di circa 6 mm). I bellissimi<br />
fiori bicolori hanno gola marrone rossastro e sono<br />
rosa chiaro nella parte più esterna. Fu raccolta da anonimo<br />
in Messico nei primi anni ’80. Non si conoscono dati<br />
tranne il luogo di raccolta. La forma è rimasta identica al<br />
tipo in seconda generazione ed è difficile considerarla un<br />
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According to some, it should deserve varietal status. (Photo and<br />
collection: B. Beaston)<br />
6) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii sp. Monte de Dios.<br />
This is an outstanding form. It has about 16 ribs, with consistently<br />
dark pectinate spines (20 radials and 1 to 3 centrals about 6 mm<br />
long). The beautiful bi-coloured flowers have a maroon throat,<br />
and a much lighter pink colour on the outer half.It was originally<br />
collected in Mexico by an unknown individual, in the early 80’s.<br />
No specific data were given, other than the name “species Monte<br />
de Dios”. The form has remained true to type in second generation<br />
E. reichenbachii sp. Monte de Dios. E. “reichenbachii fa.pailana” in habitat, G. Cepeda, Coah Mx.<br />
E. “reichenbachii fa. pailana” in coltivazione/in cultivation. E. chloranthus, forma Tortuga Mtn, Doña Ana Co., NM, USA.<br />
cultivar in considerazione dei suoi caratteri distintivi. (Foto<br />
e collezione B. Beaston)<br />
7) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> “reichenbachii fa. pailana” / <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
“pectinatus var. gralcepeda”.<br />
Queste forme straordinariamente belle provengono dallo stato<br />
di Coahuila, Messico. La forma nota come E. “reichenbachii<br />
fa. pailana” fu distribuita da un vivaio californiano<br />
negli U.S.A. circa 7 anni fa, senza dati o nome precisi: sono<br />
stati usati entrambi gli epiteti “pailana” e “pailanus”. Vive<br />
nella Sierra De La Paila, come mostra la foto scattata in<br />
plants, and can hardly be thought as a cultivar, considering its<br />
very distinctive characters. (Photo and collection: B. Beaston)<br />
7) E. “reichenbachii fa. pailana”/ <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />
“pectinatus var. gralcepeda”.<br />
These exceptionally nice forms come from Coahuila, Mx. The<br />
form known as E. “reichenbachii fa. pailana” was<br />
distributed by a Californian nursery in the U.S. about 7 years<br />
ago, with no precise data, nor a consistent spelling: both<br />
epithets “pailana” and “pailanus” have been used. It grows<br />
in Sierra De La Paila, as shown in the habitat photo taken
habitat presso General Cepeda da S. Plath. Piuttosto che<br />
una forma di E. reichenbachii, potrebbe essere una varietà<br />
non ancora descritta di E. rigidissimus. Sia il fiore che il<br />
frutto sono comparabili a quelli di E. rigidissimus var.<br />
rubispinus e alla forma arizonica di E. rigidissimus per quanto<br />
concerne il frutto. Una seconda forma con caratteristiche<br />
simili fu distribuita da H. Kuenzler con il numero di rac-<br />
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near General Cepeda by S. Plath. Rather than a reichenbachii<br />
form, it is likely to be a new and undescribed variety of E.<br />
rigidissimus. The flower and fruit are comparable to E.<br />
rigidissimus var. rubispinus, and the Arizona form of E.<br />
rigidissimus, in the fruit. A second form with similar<br />
characters was distributed by H. Kuenzler with the collection<br />
data HK 2743 from Coahuila Mx, and under the name E.<br />
E. “pectinatus var. gralcepeda”. E. chloranthus, SB 506, Doña Ana Co., NM, USA.<br />
colta HK 2743, Coahuila, Messico col nome E. “pectinatus<br />
var. gralcepeda” (sic). Si può supporre che l’epiteto sia una<br />
abbreviazione/corruzione per General Cepeda e si riferisca<br />
quindi alla stessa località citata per la forma precedente.<br />
Entrambe le forme presentano uno spettacolare fiore<br />
a tre colori, con gola scura, banda centrale bianca ed esterno<br />
dei petali rosa. Le piante hanno 15-18 coste con areole<br />
ovali distanti fra loro meno di 1,6 mm, ornate da spine<br />
radiali marrone scuro nella forma pailana e grigio cenere<br />
nella forma “gralcepeda”. Le spine radiali sono circa 26,<br />
lunghe 3 mm nella parte centrale inferiore e leggermente<br />
più corte in quella superiore. Non vi sono spine centrali.<br />
Entrambe le forme hanno presentano una strozzatura al<br />
colletto e hanno radici carnose. In particolare la forma<br />
“gralcepeda” assomiglia a una versione gigante di E. primolanatus<br />
(che pure cresce in Sierra de la Paila), senza i peli giovanili al<br />
colletto. Anche i fiori sono comparabili a quelli di E. primolanatus.<br />
(Note di B. Beaston; foto di B. Beaston e S. Plath)<br />
8) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus, forme, Doña Ana Co., NM.<br />
Queste fotografie raffigurano forme estreme di E.<br />
chloranthus presente nella contea di Doña Ana in Nuovo<br />
Messico. La prima foto, scattata da Terry Corbett nel maggio<br />
1973, raffigura una forma di Tortugas Mountain. La<br />
seconda, di L. Gavazzi, mostra una pianta molto simile in<br />
coltivazione, con il numero SB 506. T. Corbett commenta<br />
così: “La forma di E. chloranthus da Tortugas Mountain è<br />
piuttosto variabile nel suo habitat. Alcune piante hanno<br />
lunghe spine ricurve. Il colore dei fiori varia dal verde al<br />
bruno-rossastro. Tortugas Mountain è circa 2 miglia a sudest<br />
di Las Cruces, nella contea di Doña Ana, Nuovo Messico.<br />
Si tratta di una montagna calcarea, bassa e isolata. E.<br />
stramineus ed E. rosei crescono in questa stessa zona insieme<br />
con Echinocactus horizonthalonius. Si trovano occasionalmente<br />
ibridi naturali di E. rosei ed E. chloranthus che producono<br />
“E. neomexicanus”. È interessante notare che E. dasyacanthus<br />
non si trova qui, sebbene cresca 25 miglia a sud<br />
nelle Franklin Mountains, dove cresce a basse altitudini,<br />
mentre più in alto viene sostituito da E. chloranthus”.<br />
“pectinatus var. gralcepeda” (sic). It seems reasonable to<br />
assume that the epithet is just a corruption/abbreviation for<br />
General Cepeda, and therefore refers to the location mentioned<br />
above for the first form. Both forms have a much more strikingly<br />
tri-coloured flower than E. rigidissimus: dark in the throat,<br />
with a white central band, whereas the outer ring of petals is<br />
pink. There are from 15 to 18 ribs on these two forms, made<br />
up of oval shaped areoles with less than 1.6 mm separating<br />
them, arrayed with an oval shaped cluster of radial spines of<br />
a rich brown colour in “pailana”, and ashen grey in<br />
“gralcepeda”. These radials are about 26 in count, about 3<br />
mm long in the central section downwards, and slightly shorter<br />
in the upper one. There are no central spines in either form.<br />
Both forms have a restricted neck, and an enlarged rootstock.<br />
In particular, the form “gralcepeda” looks like a giant version<br />
of E. primolanatus (also growing in Sierra de la Paila),<br />
without the juvenile hairs on the neck. Even the flowers compare.<br />
(Notes by B. Beaston; photos by B. Beaston and S. Plath)<br />
8) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus, forms, from Doña Ana Co., NM.<br />
These pictures represent extreme forms of E. chloranthus,<br />
found in Doña Ana County, New Mexico. The first photo,<br />
taken in habitat by T. Corbett in May 1973, features a form<br />
from Tortugas Mtn. The second photo (by L. Gavazzi) features<br />
a very similar plant, in cultivation with field number SB 506.<br />
T. Corbett comments as follows: “The E. chloranthus form<br />
from Tortugas Mtn is rather variable in its natural habitat.<br />
Some plants have very long twisted spines. The colour of the<br />
flower varies from green to reddish brown. Tortugas Mountain<br />
is about 2 miles southeast of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County,<br />
New Mexico. It is a low, isolated limestone mountain. E. stramineus<br />
and E. rosei also grow there, along with<br />
Echinocactus horizonthalonius. Occasionally one finds<br />
natural hybrids between E. rosei and E. chloranthus that<br />
produce “E. neomexicanus”. It is interesting that E.<br />
dasyacanthus is not found there, although it grows about 25<br />
miles to the south in the Franklin Mountains, where it occurs<br />
at the lower altitudes, and is replaced by E. chloranthus on<br />
the higher slopes.”
Lo stupefacente fiore di E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus (Lau 088)<br />
con i tipici stigmi brunastri e vellutati.<br />
The stunning flower of E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus (Lau 088),<br />
with its typical velvet-brownish stigmas.<br />
E. papillosus ha grandi fiori appariscenti larghi fino a 12 cm.<br />
La gola rosso porpora contrasta con i grandi segmenti giallo<br />
chiaro del perianzio.<br />
E. papillosus has large showy flowers, up to 12 cm in diameter. A deep<br />
purple red throat contrasts the pale yellow of broad perianth-segments.<br />
L’aspetto setoso del fiore di E. viereckii var. morricalii, colore<br />
uniforme magenta intenso, e grande 10 cm.<br />
The silky appearance of a flower of E. viereckii var. morricalii: a<br />
uniform deep magenta colour, it is 10 cm in diameter.<br />
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Fotografie di L. Di Martino se non diversamente indicato<br />
All photographs courtesy of L. Di Martino, unless otherwise attributed<br />
110<br />
Gli stigmi verde brillante contrastano con i segmenti rosa chiaro<br />
del perianzio di E. schmollii. Di diametro fino a 5 cm, i fiori si<br />
aprono all’inizio della primavera quasi all’apice dei sottili fusti.<br />
Bright green stigmas contrast the pale pink perianth-segments of the<br />
flowers of E. schmollii. Up to 5 cm in diameter, they open in early<br />
spring very near the tip of slender hairy stems.<br />
E. laui ha fiori rosa brillante con stretti segmenti lanceolati<br />
disposti in tre file. I fiori sono in genere piuttosto piccoli, ma in<br />
alcuni cloni possono anche raggiungere un diametro di 7 cm.<br />
E. laui has bright pink flowers with narrow lanceolate segments<br />
arranged in three rows. Flowers are generally rather small, but some<br />
clones produce larger flowers, up to 7 cm in diameter.<br />
Il fiore di E. pulchellus var. sharpii: bianco, abbastanza grande,<br />
con segmenti elegantemente lanceolati.<br />
The fairly large white flower, with elegantly lanceolate segments,<br />
of E. pulchellus var. sharpii.
E. dasyacanthus ha solitamente grandi fiori gialli come in questa<br />
illustrazione. Si noti il caratteristico lungo stilo bianco sormontato<br />
dagli stigmi verde scuro.<br />
E. dasyacanthus has most commonly large yellow flowers, as<br />
reproduced here. Notice the distinctively long white style, topped by the<br />
dark green cup of stigmas.<br />
E. hempelii produce fiori straordinariamente grandi nel gruppo<br />
fendleri. Si noti la gola scura con base verdastra e carnosa.<br />
E. hempelii produces exceedingly large flowers within the fendleri<br />
complex. Note the dark throat with greenish fleshy base.<br />
Il vero E. berlandieri ha larghi fiori rosa porpora a forma di<br />
imbuto, con gola più scura.<br />
The true E. berlandieri has broad funnelform, purplish pink flowers,<br />
with a darker throat.<br />
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E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi ha fiori imbutiformi bicolori, con gola<br />
rossa che contrasta con i segmenti rosa scuro del perianzio.<br />
E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi has bicoloured funnelform flowers, with a<br />
bright red throat contrasting deep pink perianth-segments.<br />
L’appariscente fiore rosa di E. pentalophus, con la tipica<br />
grande gola bianca.<br />
The showy pink flower of E. pentalophus, with typical<br />
ample white throat.<br />
La gola color cremisi intenso caratterizza i fiori di E. fitchii e<br />
altre forme simili nel gruppo caespitosus/reichenbachii.<br />
The deep crimson throat characterizes the flowers of E. fitchii and other<br />
allied forms within the caespitosus/reichenbachii complex.
E. “melanocentrus” è solitamente considerato una forma di E.<br />
reichenbachii var. albertii. Come in E. fitchii, i fiori hanno una gola<br />
rosso scuro. Si notino i caratteristici stigmi grigiastri.<br />
E. “melanocentrus” is usually considered a form of E. reichenbachii<br />
var. albertii. Like in E. fitchii, flowers have dark red throat.<br />
Notice the peculiar greyish stigmas.<br />
E. pseudopectinatus ha fiori magenta chiaro con base bianco<br />
verdastra, grandi fino a 12 cm. Il fiore in questa fotografia<br />
appartiene a una pianta da seme SB 247, Cochise Co. Az.<br />
E. pseudopectinatus has light magenta flowers, greenish-white at<br />
base, up to 12 cm in diameter. The flower in this picture belongs to a<br />
plant grown from SB 247 seed, Cochise Co. Az.<br />
Una barriera di filamenti circondata da una moltitudine di<br />
petali sottili e acuminati nella pianta comunemente nota come<br />
E. pulchellus var. amoenus.<br />
An upright fence of stamen filaments surrounded by a plethora of thin acuminate<br />
petals, in the plant commonly known as E. pulchellus var. amoenus.<br />
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Il corto fiore imbutiforme di E. russanthus fa. “vulpis-cauda” (da<br />
seme HK 1531, Brewster Co., Texas).<br />
The short funnelform flower of E. russanthus fa. “vulpis-cauda” (ex<br />
HK 1531 seed, from Brewster Co., Texas).<br />
La fitta corona di stami di E. baileyi si staglia contro i setosi<br />
segmenti rosa del perianzio.<br />
The dense crown of stamens in E. baileyi unfolds against the satin pink<br />
perianth-segments.<br />
Il fiore rosso brillante di E. acifer dura a lungo. Si noti la<br />
colorazione rosa dei filamenti.<br />
The bright red, long-lasting flower of E. acifer. Notice the pinkish tinge<br />
of stamen filaments.
Lo spettacolare fiore arancione a base<br />
verde di E. pectinatus var. ctenoides, da<br />
Melchor Muzquiz, Coah., Messico.<br />
(Foto: W. S. LaHaye)<br />
The spectacular orange flower, greenish at base,<br />
of E. pectinatus var. ctenoides, from Melchor<br />
Muzquiz, Coah., Mexico. (Photo: W. S. LaHaye)<br />
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Gli stigmi verde scuro circondati<br />
da un anello di stami giallo<br />
brillante si stagliano contro i<br />
candidi petali della forma ERC 759<br />
a fiore bianco di E. pentalophus.<br />
(Foto: W. S. LaHaye)<br />
Dark green stigmas encircled by a ring<br />
of bright yellow stamens stand out<br />
against the candid petals of the ERC<br />
759 white-flowered form of E.<br />
pentalophus. (Photo: W. S. LaHaye)<br />
I fiori di E. russanthus non si aprono completamente. La forma qui illustrata è da semi HK 1287 (fa.<br />
“cowperi”), Cooks Range, Nuovo Messico.<br />
Flowers in E. russanthus do not open widely. The form portrayed is ex HK 1287 seed (fa. “cowperi”), from<br />
Cooks Range, New Mexico.<br />
113<br />
Forma di E. scheeri della Sierra Obscura, Chih,<br />
Messico. Fiore rosso-arancio a gola gialla, stigmi<br />
verdi e antere rosse. (Foto: W. S. LaHaye)<br />
E. scheeri form, from Sierra Obscura, Chih,<br />
Mexico. Orange red flower, with a yellow flash in<br />
the throat, green stigmas and reddish anthers.<br />
(Photo: W. S. LaHaye)
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E. pentalophus in habitat, E of Ciudad del Maiz,<br />
Tam, Mx (Photo: G. Orbani).<br />
E. pentalophus? in habitat, una forma con fiori inusuali/a form with<br />
rather unusual flowers, Jaumave Valley, Tam, Mx (Photo: G. Orbani).<br />
114