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D3<br />

Cactus & Co. <strong>Special</strong>e/<strong>Special</strong> <strong>Issue</strong> 1 <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

S P E C I A L E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

CACTUS&Co. Associazione Internazionale/International Society<br />

SUPPLEMENTO AL VOLUME II • NUMERO 3 • LUGLIO 1998 • SPEDIZIONE IN ABBONAMENTO POSTALE ART. 2 COMMA 20C LEGGE 626/96 VARESE • TRIMESTRALE<br />

A cura di/Edited by Lino Di Martino


<strong>Special</strong>e <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

Supplemento al<br />

VOL. II • N° 3 • LUGLIO 1998<br />

PREFAZIONE<br />

di Lino Di Martino 4<br />

NOTE SULLA COLTIVAZIONE<br />

di Lino Di Martino e<br />

Leonardo Gavazzi 5<br />

DAL SEME AL SUCCESSO IN<br />

POCO TEMPO<br />

di Bill R. Beaston 12<br />

PATOLOGIE:<br />

HELMINTHOSPORIUM<br />

CACTIVORUM<br />

di Bill R. Beaston 19<br />

ALCUNE OSSERVAZIONI SUGLI<br />

IBRIDI DI ECHINOCEREUS<br />

di Bill R. Beaston 20<br />

ECHINOCEREUS INDEX<br />

di Terry L. Corbett 23<br />

ADDENDA<br />

di Terry L. Corbett 92<br />

ABBREVIAZIONI<br />

BIBLIOGRAFIA<br />

RIFERIMENTI ALLE<br />

ILLUSTRAZIONI<br />

FORME SCELTE<br />

CLOSE-UPS<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

Trimestrale dell’Associazione Internazionale Cactus & Co.<br />

Quarterly Journal of the Cactus & Co. International Society<br />

93<br />

93<br />

99<br />

106<br />

110<br />

Presidente/President: Alberto Marvelli. Vicepresidente/Vice President: Carlo Doni<br />

Segretario/Secretary: Mariangela Costanzo, viale Piave 68, I-20060 Pessano (MI), Italy; E-mail: guppy@fruitshop.it.<br />

Direttore Editoriale Pubblicazioni/Cactus & Co. and publications Editor: Lucio Russo,<br />

via Ribolzi 19, I-28831 Baveno (VB), Italy; E-mail: russo.cactus@gse.it<br />

Direttore Responsabile: Massimo Ferrari. Consulenti Scientifici/Scientific Advisors: Massimo Meregalli, Maurizio Sajeva<br />

Fascicoli arretrati (Italia): Alberto Marvelli, via Meucci, 10 - 21049 Tradate (VA); fax: 0331-842921; E-mail: amarvel@tin.it<br />

Back issues (except Italy): Rainbow Gardens Bookshop, 1444 Taylor St. Vista, CA 92084 USA Fax: 760-9458934 E-mail rgbdns@aol.com.<br />

•<br />

Progetto grafico: L. Russo. Editing: S. Meroni. Traduzioni: Nordovest. Revisione testo inglese: A. Rollason, D. Benadom, P. Blackman.<br />

Layout & Design: L. Russo. Proof-reading Italian text: S. Meroni. Translations: Nordovest. Proof-reading English text: A. Rollason, D. Benadom, P. Blackman.<br />

Cactus & Co. Home Page: http://www.cactus-co.org<br />

© Cactus & Co., rivista trimestrale. Tutti i diritti riservati. Reg. Tribunale di Milano N° 630 del 19/10/96.<br />

© Cactus & Co., quarterly journal. All rights reserved.<br />

È vietata la riproduzione parziale o totale con qualunque mezzo senza autorizzazione scritta del Direttore Editoriale.<br />

No parts of this publication may be reproduced in any form and by any means without written permission of the Editor.<br />

Stampa: Grafica Quadro, Tradate (VA). Fotolito: Eurograph, Vedano Olona (VA). Finito di stampare Giugno1998.<br />

In copertina/Cover: E. scheeri var. obscuriensis Lau 091. Foto di/Photo by W. S. LaHaye.<br />

Retro di copertina/Back cover: E. stramineus? in habitat 70 km N. of Saltillo, Coah. Mx. Foto di/Photo by G. Orbani.<br />

3<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> <strong>Special</strong> <strong>Issue</strong><br />

Supplement to<br />

VOL. II • N° 3 • JULY 1998<br />

FOREWORD<br />

4 by Lino Di Martino<br />

NOTES ON CULTIVATION<br />

by Lino Di Martino &<br />

5 Leonardo Gavazzi<br />

FROM SEED TO SUCCESS IN LESS<br />

THAN A LIFETIME<br />

12 by Bill R. Beaston<br />

PEST CONTROL:<br />

HELMINTHOSPORIUM<br />

CACTIVORUM<br />

19 by Bill R. Beaston<br />

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON ECHINOCE-<br />

REUS HYBRIDS<br />

20 by Bill R. Beaston<br />

THE ECHINOCEREUS INDEX<br />

23 by Terry L. Corbett<br />

ADDENDA<br />

92 by Terry L. Corbett<br />

ABBREVIATIONS<br />

93<br />

93<br />

99<br />

106<br />

110<br />

BIBLIOGRAPHY<br />

INDEX<br />

ICONOGRAPHY<br />

CHOICE FORMS<br />

CLOSE-UPS


Q<br />

uesto numero speciale di Cactus & Co. è interamente<br />

dedicato a <strong>Echinocereus</strong>, uno dei generi più popolari<br />

e interessanti fra le Cactaceae, il cui areale copre gran parte<br />

del Messico e dell’Ovest degli Stati Uniti. Appassionati e collezionisti<br />

sono attratti dalla bellezza dei fiori, dalla varietà<br />

degli abiti vegetativi e della spinagione e, perchè no, dalle<br />

sfide imposte da alcune specie talvolta restie a fiorire. Confidiamo<br />

che i lettori possano trovare nei contributi di Bill<br />

Beaston, Lino Di Martino e Leonardo Gavazzi utili suggerimenti<br />

per la coltivazione in tutti i suoi aspetti.<br />

Di grande interesse è la lunga e complessa storia tassonomica<br />

del genere, che ancora merita, nonostante vari e importanti<br />

contributi recenti, serio impegno, attenzione e sistematici<br />

studi sul campo. Ciò è vero per gli Stati Uniti e, a<br />

maggior ragione, per i taxa del Messico, dove nuove scoperte<br />

in aree ancora poco esplorate non sono improbabili, ma<br />

le possibilità di studio e ricerca sono fortemente ostacolate<br />

dalle restrizioni attualmente in vigore. Vale la pena di osservare<br />

che ciò rende ancor più importante il mantenimento e<br />

lo sviluppo di collezioni di riferimento, provviste di dati sicuri<br />

e al riparo da ibridazioni non controllate. Siamo pertanto<br />

lieti di presentare l’<strong>Echinocereus</strong> Index compilato da Terry L.<br />

Corbett: un elenco completo, ma anche una guida ragionata<br />

ai numerosissimi nomi di <strong>Echinocereus</strong> comparsi nella letteratura<br />

in più di un secolo e mezzo. L’Index è il frutto di<br />

anni di lavoro e paziente confronto con le pubblicazioni originali.<br />

Rinviando all’introduzione di Terry Corbett per informazioni<br />

dettagliate e per le necessarie “istruzioni per<br />

l’uso”, desideriamo tuttavia sottolineare, a scanso di possibili<br />

fraintendimenti, che l’Index non aderisce a una particolare<br />

revisione tassonomica a scapito di altre. Pertanto – lungi<br />

dall’assumere i caratteri di una checklist, che distingua fra taxa<br />

accettati come specie buone, taxa provvisoriamente accettati,<br />

e taxa ridotti a sinonimi in base a considerazioni puramente<br />

tassonomiche – esso elenca e organizza i nomi di <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

secondo validità e priorità cronologica, limitando<br />

l’indicazione dei sinonimi a quelli strettamente nomenclaturali,<br />

o con ogni evidenza a essi assimilabili, e ponendo in<br />

nota eventuali indicazioni o commenti sul probabile status<br />

tassonomico di singoli taxa secondo l’interpretazione più<br />

diffusa. Al lettore che volesse approfondire le proprie conoscenze<br />

si consiglia di consultare, oltre ai libri di Weniger (<strong>Cacti</strong><br />

of the Southwest, 1970), Benson (<strong>Cacti</strong> of the United States and<br />

Canada, 1982) e Bravo-Hollis/Sanchez-Mejorada (Las Cactaceas<br />

de Mexico Vol.II, 1991), la monografia di Nigel Taylor<br />

(The Genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>,1985), e i suoi successivi studi apparsi<br />

su Bradleya nel 1988 e 1989, e su Piante Grasse nel 1993.<br />

Molto attesa è anche la revisione di Blum, Lange, Rischer e<br />

Rutow, di imminente pubblicazione.<br />

Abbiamo ritenuto utile affiancare all’Index una ricca iconografia<br />

nella speranza che il lettore possa essere aiutato nel riconoscimento<br />

di gran parte dei taxa che si incontrano in coltivazione.<br />

Mentre assumiamo ogni responsabilità per gli errori e le imprecisioni<br />

che avessero eluso i nostri sforzi, desideriamo ringraziare<br />

tutti coloro che hanno generosamente contribuito con le loro<br />

foto e i loro suggerimenti e in particolare Bill Beaston, Duke e<br />

Kazuko Benadom, Leonardo Gavazzi, Bill LaHaye, Michael Lange,<br />

Woody Minnich, Martina e Andreas Ohr e Steve Plath.<br />

Infine, due “chicche”: una galleria di forme e varianti poco note<br />

o rare, e perciò particolarmente interessanti, accompagnate da<br />

descrizioni e commenti (per alcuni dei quali ringraziamo Bill<br />

Beaston e Duke Benadom) e un portfolio di close-ups di alcuni<br />

fra i fiori più belli come incentivo finale al lettore, affinché accresca<br />

il numero degli appassionati del genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. ❁<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Prefazione / Foreword<br />

di/by Lino Di Martino<br />

4<br />

T his special issue of Cactus&Co is entirely devoted to <strong>Echinocereus</strong>,<br />

one of the most interesting and popular genera in<br />

the family Cactaceae, whose habitat spreads over much of Mexico<br />

and the West of the United States. Collectors and enthusiasts are<br />

much attracted by the beautiful showy flowers, the diverse vegetative<br />

habits and spination, and, why not, the challenge in persuading<br />

some species to flower in cultivation. We hope that the readers will<br />

find plenty of useful information and tips on the various aspects<br />

of cultivation in the contributions by Bill Beaston, Lino Di Martino<br />

and Leonardo Gavazzi.<br />

Another topic of great interest is the long and complex taxonomic<br />

history of the genus, which still deserves much attention, and above<br />

all thorough field-work, nothwistanding several important studies<br />

and contributions in recent times. This is true even for the U.S.<br />

taxa, and much more for those from Mexico, where new discoveries<br />

in almost unexplored areas are still possible, but research and fieldwork<br />

are hindered by the current restrictive rules (which makes all<br />

the more important to keep and develop reference collections, with<br />

precise data and control against unwanted hybridizations). We<br />

are therefore very pleased to present the <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Index<br />

compiled by Terry L. Corbett.<br />

A comprehensive list and an organized guide to the plethora of<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> names that have appeared in the literature in more<br />

than one and a half century, the Index is the outcome of years of<br />

work and patient research through the original publications. While<br />

addressing the readers to Terry Corbett's Introduction for detailed<br />

information and “instructions for use”, we wish nevertheless to<br />

point out, in order to avoid misunderstandings, that the Index<br />

does not stand by any particular taxonomic revision against any<br />

other.<br />

Thus – far from sharing the features of a “checklist”, distinguishing<br />

between taxa accepted as “good species”, taxa provisionally<br />

accepted, and taxa reduced to synonyms on purely taxonomic<br />

grounds – the Index arranges and lists all <strong>Echinocereus</strong> names<br />

according to validity and chronological priority, confining the<br />

listing of synonyms to the strictly nomenclatural ones, plus those<br />

names which by all evidence are interpreted as such by their authors.<br />

Pointers to, or comments on the probable taxonomic status of<br />

individual taxa according to commonly accepted interpretations<br />

appear in footnotes to names.<br />

Those readers who want to know more about the systematics of the<br />

genus, are referred to the books by Weniger (<strong>Cacti</strong> of the<br />

Southwest, 1970), Benson (<strong>Cacti</strong> of the United States and<br />

Canada, 1982) and Bravo-Hollis/Sanchez-Mejorada (Las Cactaceas<br />

de Mexico, Vol.II, 1991), and especially to the monograph<br />

by Nigel Taylor (The Genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>, 1985), and his<br />

further studies in Bradleya (1988,1989) and Piante Grasse<br />

(1993). Much awaited is also the revision by Blum, Lange, Rischer<br />

& Rutow, to be published soon.<br />

We have accompanied the publication of the Index with a rich<br />

iconography, aimed to help the readers in the identification of most<br />

taxa available in cultivation.<br />

While accepting full responsability for all mistakes and faults that<br />

might have eluded our efforts, we wish to thank all those who<br />

generously contributed their slides together with helpful suggestions,<br />

and in particular Bill Beaston, Duke & Kazuko Benadom,<br />

Leonardo Gavazzi, Bill LaHaye, Michael Lange, Woody Minnich,<br />

Martina & Andreas Ohr, Steve Plath.<br />

Finally, we offer two “temptations”: a gallery of peculiar and<br />

therefore sought after forms, with short descriptions and reports<br />

(for some of which we thank Bill Beaston and Duke Benadom),<br />

and a portfolio of stunning flower close-ups.<br />

We are confident that, looking at them, more and more enthusiasts<br />

will be persuaded to seriously cultivate this wonderful genus. ❁


Note sulla<br />

Coltivazione<br />

di L. Di Martino & L. Gavazzi<br />

Fotografie di L. Di Martino se non diversamente indicato<br />

A bbiamo<br />

preparato alcune note e suggerimenti sulla<br />

coltivazione degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fondati sull’esperienza<br />

pratica. Al di là delle finalità limitate, confidiamo che possano<br />

essere di qualche utilità per l’appassionato e, soprattutto,<br />

incoraggiare i principianti a iniziare una collezione<br />

di <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />

Terricci<br />

Q ualsiasi<br />

terriccio utilizzabile per le cactacee dovreb<br />

be essere adatto alla maggior parte degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />

Non esiste una ricetta infallibile o valida per tutti, ma occorre<br />

che il terriccio garantisca un buon drenaggio e una<br />

buona aerazione allo scopo di mantenere in salute l’apparato<br />

radicale e ridurre le possibilità di attacchi<br />

fungini. Per il resto molto dipende dal clima<br />

locale, dalle condizioni generali di coltivazione,<br />

dalla frequenza delle innaffiature ecc.<br />

Tuttavia l’uso di torba (o terricci con alta percentuale<br />

di materia organica) è avversato da<br />

molti, e dei due autori di questo articolo, il<br />

primo condivide tale opinione. È vero che i<br />

vivaisti spesso utilizzano terricci con alte percentuali<br />

di torba, sovente con risultati spettacolari.<br />

Spesso gonfiano le loro piante, hanno<br />

un’elevata movimentazione di piante e rinnovano<br />

frequentemente i terricci. Per gli amato-<br />

ri le cose vanno diversamente. Di fatto si ritiene<br />

che i terricci a base di materiale organico<br />

abbiano una durata limitata in vaso, circa 2 o<br />

3 anni, dopo di<br />

che degradano sotto<br />

l’azione di funghi<br />

e batteri perdendo<br />

la loro capacità<br />

drenante e di<br />

aerazione. Molti<br />

collezionisti ottengono<br />

brillanti risultati<br />

utilizzando<br />

terricci poveri o<br />

del tutto privi di<br />

materia organica. I<br />

fortunati che hanno<br />

accesso al terriccio<br />

originario<br />

del deserto (come<br />

nel sudovest americano) sembra che ottengano meraviglie.<br />

Il primo dei due autori, vivendo nell’Italia del nord,<br />

con un clima continentale, ha fatto anni fa una scelta radicale,<br />

optando per un terriccio puramente minerale composto<br />

in generale dal 60% di pomice e 40% di lava rossa,<br />

in alcuni casi 100% pomice. Ne è conseguita una riduzione<br />

delle perdite di piante a causa di funghi e sono state<br />

progressivamente eliminate le cocciniglie delle radici. Il<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leucanthus (coll. e foto L. Gavazzi).<br />

5<br />

by L. Di Martino & L. Gavazzi<br />

Photographs courtesy of L. Di Martino unless otherwise attributed<br />

We have assembled a few notes and tips on the cultivation of<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong>, stemming from practical experience. Despite<br />

their limited scope, we hope that they can be of some use to amateur<br />

growers, and possibly convince newcomers to start a serious <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

collection.<br />

Soil mixes<br />

Notes on<br />

Cultivation<br />

Any soil mix suitable for cacti in general should do well with<br />

most <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. There is no infallible or good for all<br />

recipe in this matter, except that the mix must allow good drainage<br />

and good aeration in order to maintain a healthy root system and<br />

to reduce the chance of fungal attacks. For the rest, it much depends<br />

on local climate, growing conditions, watering schedule etc.<br />

However, the use of<br />

peat (or soils with<br />

heavy organic matter<br />

content) is scorned by<br />

many, and the first<br />

author tends to agree<br />

with this view. It is<br />

true that big commercial<br />

growers often use<br />

mixes with heavy peat<br />

content, sometimes<br />

with spectacular results.<br />

They often pump<br />

up their plants, have<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> delaetii (coll. L. Gavazzi). fast turnovers, renew<br />

soil-mixes fairly often.<br />

A regime quite different<br />

from most amateur growers. In fact, it is reported<br />

that peat (and more generally organic) based soils<br />

have a limited life (max. 2-3 years) in pots, before<br />

they substantially degrade through the action of bacteria<br />

and fungi, losing drainage and aeration properties.<br />

Many collectors get best results by using potting<br />

mixes with very low, or even absent, organic<br />

content. For those who are lucky enough to get suitable<br />

material to concoct it (as in the American southwest)<br />

‘native’ desert soil seems to do wonders. The<br />

first author, living in northern Italy, with a continental<br />

climate, years ago chose a radical approach,<br />

going for a purely mineral mix, in most cases composed<br />

of 60% pumice, 40% red lava, in some cases<br />

100% pumice. This has resulted in minimization<br />

of plant losses by fungi, and progressive eradication<br />

of root-mealy bugs. Growth-rate is not spectacular, but steady<br />

enough, and roots are looking great, clean and evenly distributed.<br />

But beware: pumice is not all the same! Choose a clean, regularly<br />

sized (diameter 4-6 mm), white pumice, with no powder (if necessary,<br />

sieve it). Sicilian pumice is the best out of direct experience,<br />

with 110% water retention and 6.5/7 pH. And do not forget to<br />

fertilize regularly, as very little if any nutrients come from such a<br />

purely mineral soil! The second author, living in milder Tuscany,


itmo di crescita non è spettacolare, ma sufficientemente<br />

stabile, e le radici hanno un ottimo aspetto, sono pulite e<br />

ben distribuite. Ma attenzione: non tutta la pomice è uguale!<br />

Sceglietela pulita, con granulometria uniforme (4-6<br />

mm), bianca e senza polvere e, se è necessario, setacciatela.<br />

A nostro avviso quella siciliana<br />

è la migliore, con capacità di<br />

ritenzione idrica del 110% e<br />

pH 6,5-7. Non dimenticate di<br />

fertilizzare regolarmente, dato<br />

che un terriccio così composto<br />

contiene pochissimi elementi<br />

nutritivi.<br />

Il secondo autore, vivendo nella<br />

più mite Toscana, ha perfezionato<br />

nel corso degli anni il<br />

seguente terriccio che si è rivelato<br />

ottimo per le condizioni locali<br />

di coltivazione: almeno il<br />

50% di pomice, e il resto consistente<br />

di terriccio locale o di<br />

erica, torba, terra di foglie di<br />

faggio ben decomposta, lava e<br />

ghiaietto grossolano in parti<br />

uguali. Gli ingredienti chiave<br />

sono la pomice (la cui percentuale<br />

viene elevata al 60% per<br />

le specie “a rischio” con radici<br />

tuberose, come E. palmeri, E.<br />

knippelianus, E. pulchellus) e il<br />

terriccio di foglie di faggio (certamente in modica quantità,<br />

ma abbastanza da garantire un buon apporto di elementi<br />

nutritivi).<br />

Temperatura<br />

L<br />

a grande maggioranza degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> è molto<br />

resistente al freddo. Ciò è vero per la maggior parte<br />

delle specie originarie<br />

dei deserti<br />

di Chihuahua e<br />

Sonora e degli altipiani<br />

messicani,<br />

e ancor di più per<br />

quelle che vivono<br />

più a nord negli<br />

Stati Uniti. In<br />

particolare, le<br />

specie appartenenti<br />

ai gruppi<br />

triglochidiatus/<br />

coccineus e viridiflorus/chloranthus<br />

sono spesso coperte<br />

di neve e<br />

sopportano prolungati<br />

periodi di<br />

gelo in habitat.<br />

Similmente, le<br />

specie che appartengono<br />

ai gruppi<br />

engelmannii e<br />

stramineus, così<br />

come quelle a spine compatte nei gruppi reichenbachii e<br />

dasyacanthus/pectinatus, sono abbastanza resistenti al gelo<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> brandegeei (coll. e foto L. Gavazzi).<br />

6<br />

has developed over the years the following potting mix, which has<br />

proved to be optimal under his growing conditions: at least 50%<br />

pumice, and the rest consisting of equal parts of local fertile soil<br />

(or ‘heather soil’), peat, well-aged beech leaves, lava, and coarse<br />

gravel. The key ingredients being pumice (raised to 60% and<br />

more for those species having ‘risky’<br />

thick rootstock, such as E.<br />

palmeri, E. knippelianus, E.<br />

pulchellus), and beech leaves (admittedly<br />

a small amount, but<br />

enough to ensure a considerable<br />

contribution of nutrients).<br />

Temperature requirements<br />

T he<br />

vast majority of <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

are quite cold-resist-<br />

ant. This is true for most species<br />

from the Chihuahuan and<br />

Sonoran deserts and the Mexican<br />

highlands, and even more so for<br />

those living further north in the<br />

US. In particular, species in the triglochidiatus/coccineus,<br />

and<br />

viridiflorus/chloranthus complexes<br />

are often subject to snow covering<br />

and prolonged frosts in their<br />

habitats. Likewise, species belonging<br />

to the engelmannii and stramineus<br />

complexes, as well as the<br />

tightly spined ones in the reichenbachii and dasyacanthus/<br />

pectinatus groups, are quite frost-tolerant in their dry climate.<br />

Not so surprisingly, sparsely spined species like E. knippelianus,<br />

E. pulchellus, and their varieties, also do not suffer from spells<br />

below 0 °C. They are in fact “alpine” plants, living at high altitudes<br />

and sharing a geophytic habit. Thus all the above mentioned<br />

plants can be cultivated in unheated greenhouses, or even<br />

in the open ground,<br />

provided they are<br />

kept dry in a sunny<br />

and sheltered position<br />

during the cold<br />

winter months of<br />

continental Europe.<br />

They will not suffer<br />

from cold spells<br />

down to -5, -10 °C<br />

(even -20 °C and<br />

lower in the case of<br />

the northern species)<br />

as long as they<br />

are not plump with<br />

water, which is the<br />

case in their dormant<br />

season, when<br />

watering is withheld<br />

and the plants<br />

considerably shrink<br />

their stems.<br />

Notable exceptions<br />

to the above are the<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> from Baja California, such as E. brandegeei,<br />

E. ferreirianus, E. sciurus and the taxa from the islands: E.<br />

barthelowanus, E. grandis, E. websterianus (for some of which<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii, in habitat, Meling Ranch, BC Mx (foto M. & A. Ohr).


nel loro clima asciutto. Non patiscono escursioni termiche<br />

al di sotto dello zero anche specie con poche spine<br />

come E. knippelianus, E. pulchellus e loro varietà. Sono infatti<br />

specie “alpine”, che vivono a quote elevate con un<br />

portamento geofitico. Tutte le specie menzionate possono<br />

essere coltivate in serre senza riscaldamento o anche<br />

all’aperto, a condizione che vengano tenute in posizione<br />

riparata e soleggiata durante i<br />

freddi inverni dell’Europa continentale.<br />

Non soffrono minime<br />

di -5, -10 °C (anche -20 °C e oltre<br />

nel caso di specie che vivono<br />

più a nord) fintantoché il<br />

loro fusto sarà sgonfio, come accade<br />

appunto durante il riposo<br />

vegetativo quando le innaffiature<br />

sono sospese.<br />

Vi sono però delle notevoli eccezioni,<br />

costituite dagli <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

della Baja California,<br />

come E. brandegeei, E. ferreirianus,<br />

E. sciurus e i taxa delle isole:<br />

E. barthelowanus, E. grandis,<br />

E. websterianus (per alcuni dei<br />

quali anche le gelate occasionali<br />

possono risultare fatali) e le altre<br />

specie delle zone costiere e<br />

delle zone interne scarsamente<br />

elevate del Messico, come E.<br />

scopulorum, E. sciurus var. floresii,<br />

alcune forme del gruppo scheeri,<br />

E. spinigemmatus, E. subinermis e<br />

le sue varietà. Nel clima continentale<br />

europeo è necessario ricoverare<br />

queste piante in serre<br />

riscaldate, mantenendo la temperatura<br />

minima di alcuni gradi<br />

sopra lo zero.<br />

Gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coltivati in<br />

modo spartano come suggerito<br />

poc’anzi, possono mostrare<br />

un’attività vegetativa più breve<br />

di quelli trattati in modo più “dolce” in serra e con temperature<br />

minime più elevate, ma vi ricompenseranno con<br />

un aspetto più naturale e, cosa ancora più importante, con<br />

abbondanti fioriture. Questa almeno è l’esperienza di molti<br />

coltivatori, in particolare con quelle specie che hanno fama<br />

di fiorire poco in coltivazione (per es. E. stramineus, E. engelmannii<br />

e loro forme, e alcuni degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> “verdi”).<br />

Luce<br />

L<br />

a maggior parte degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> esige<br />

molta luce solare se si vuole che le piante mantengano<br />

un aspetto sano e naturale e sviluppino una bella spinagione.<br />

Ciò è ovviamente vero per le specie del deserto,<br />

con spine fitte o pettinate, ma vale anche per molte piante<br />

degli altipiani e per diverse specie “verdi” e con poche spine.<br />

D’altra parte alcuni taxa, per esempio E. vierecki var.<br />

morricalii praticamente senza spine, richiedono un po’ di<br />

ombra. E specialmente le piante del gruppo di E. scheeri<br />

beneficiano di una posizione semiombreggiata. Alcune di<br />

queste forme hanno fiori seminotturni che sono aperti di<br />

buon mattino, si chiudono qualche ora dopo e si riaprono<br />

nel tardo pomeriggio. Queste specie crescono bene an-<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus, Oro Grande,<br />

New Mexico, U.S.A. (foto W. S. LaHaye).<br />

7<br />

even an occasional frost can be fatal), and other species from the<br />

coastal regions and inner lowlands of Mexico, such as E. scopulorum,<br />

E. sciurus var. floresii, some forms in the scheeri group,<br />

E. spinigemmatus, E. subinermis and its varietal forms. In<br />

the climate of continental Europe, it is necessary to recover these<br />

plants in a heated greenhouse, keeping minimum temperatures a<br />

few degrees above 0 °C.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> grown ‘hard’ as<br />

suggested above, may have a somewhat<br />

shorter active growth season<br />

than those treated ‘softly’ in greenhouses<br />

at higher minimum temperatures,<br />

but will reward you<br />

with a “natural” appearance, and<br />

most of all with abundance of<br />

flowers. At least, this has been the<br />

experience of many growers, in<br />

particular with those species that<br />

are usually ill-famed for their reluctance<br />

to flower in cultivation<br />

(e.g., E. stramineus and E. engelmannii<br />

forms, and some of the<br />

‘green’ <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />

Light requirements<br />

Most <strong>Echinocereus</strong> require<br />

strong sunlight in order to<br />

get and maintain a healthy and<br />

‘natural’ habit, and develop beautiful<br />

spination. This is obviously<br />

true for the tightly spined or pectinate<br />

desert species, but it applies<br />

as well to many ‘highland plants’,<br />

and also to several ‘green’ and exposed-stem<br />

types. On the other<br />

hand, some taxa, e.g. the almost<br />

spineless forms of E. viereckii var.<br />

morricalii, may require some<br />

shading. And especially plants in<br />

the scheeri complex are quite<br />

happy in a half-shaded position.<br />

Some of these forms have semi-nocturnal<br />

flowers, which are open early morning, close a few hours<br />

later, and open again in late afternoon. They thrive even under<br />

greenhouse benches.<br />

Surprisingly as it may sound, light is even more important in<br />

winter than during the growing season. In fact, some shading is<br />

advisable for many species at the height of summer, especially during<br />

the “summer rest” weeks. On the contrary, it is the experience<br />

of many growers that the harsh “dry and cool” winter treatment, if<br />

combined with maximum light exposure enhances spring flower<br />

production. On the other hand, and all the more so if your winter<br />

quarters do not offer much light, only gradually expose your plants<br />

to strong early spring sunlight. Filters are advisable to prevent<br />

sunburn that would permanently spoil their appearance.<br />

Watering and feeding<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> should be regularly watered and fed during the<br />

active growing period, starting from early spring (end of March<br />

in continental Europe) and gradually coming to a stop by early<br />

autumn. They can be kept completely dry (except possibly for an<br />

occasional misting) throughout the dormancy period from November<br />

to March, provided they are allowed suitably cool winter temperatures.<br />

To play safe, one may add to the first watering in spring


che tenute sotto i bancali di una serra. Per quanto possa<br />

apparire sorprendente, la luce è ancora più importante in<br />

inverno che durante il periodo di vegetazione. In effetti<br />

per molte specie è opportuno un parziale ombreggiamento<br />

nei periodi più caldi, specialmente durante le settimane<br />

di “stasi” estiva. Al contrario molti coltivatori hanno<br />

verificato che condizione invernali di aridità e freddo combinate<br />

con un’ottima esposizione alla luce favoriscono la<br />

produzione di fiori in primavera. D’altra parte, e a maggior<br />

ragione se non siete in grado di offrire molta luminosità,<br />

occorre esporre gradualmente le piante alla forte radiazione<br />

solare primaverile che andrà preferibilmente filtrata<br />

in modo da evitare scottature che deturperebbero<br />

irrimediabilmente le piante.<br />

Acqua e fertilizzanti<br />

G li<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> devono essere innaffiati e fertilizzati<br />

con regolarità durante il periodo di vegetazione a<br />

partire dall’inizio della primavera (fine marzo in Europa<br />

continentale), riducendo le innaffiature fino a sospenderle<br />

all’inizio dell’autunno.<br />

Possono essere<br />

tenuti completamente<br />

asciutti (con la<br />

possibile eccezione di<br />

occasionali nebulizzazioni)<br />

per tutto il periodo<br />

di riposo da novembre<br />

a marzo, a<br />

condizione che svernino<br />

a temperature<br />

abbastanza basse. Per<br />

stare sul sicuro si può<br />

aggiungere all’acqua<br />

della prima innaffiatura<br />

primaverile un<br />

fungicida sistemico<br />

(per es. Benlate) per<br />

prevenire attacchi<br />

fungini. La frequenza<br />

delle innaffiature va<br />

regolata in base alle<br />

condizioni climatiche locali, seguendo la solita regola che<br />

il terriccio deve poter asciugare completamente fra un’innaffiatura<br />

e la successiva. Poca acqua raramente danneggia<br />

le piante, mentre un eccesso può essere fatale. Inoltre,<br />

come già detto, gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> di solito riducono l’attività<br />

vegetativa al culmine dell’estate, e quindi innaffiature e<br />

concimazioni vanno ridotte di conseguenza. Infine, un suggerimento<br />

per coltivare al meglio le specie che fioriscono<br />

per lo più in autunno alle nostre latitudini. Si tratta di taxa<br />

della Baja California (in particolare E. barthelowanus, E.<br />

brandegeei, E. maritimus e la sua varietà hancockii) che ricevono<br />

pioggia in quantità scarsa e irregolarmente in habitat,<br />

sovente nel tardo autunno e in inverno. Se il tempo lo<br />

consente, e in serra, è consigliabile erogare una maggior<br />

quantità d’acqua appena prima della fioritura. Questo trattamento<br />

non solo sembra incrementare la produzione di<br />

boccioli, ma aiuta anche la nuova crescita che è di solito<br />

precoce (in Toscana le nuove spine incominciano a formarsi<br />

alla fine di gennaio).<br />

Come regola generale, allo scopo di assicurare una crescita<br />

regolare, è meglio fertilizzare con regolarità (a ogni innaffiatura<br />

nel periodo di crescita) ma con dosi più basse<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus.<br />

8<br />

a systemic fungicide (e.g. Benlate) in order to prevent fungal attacks.<br />

Watering frequency has to be suited to local climate, obliging<br />

to the usual rules that soil has to be allowed to almost dry out<br />

before watering again, and underwatering rarely kills any plant,<br />

whilst excess of humidity is easily fatal. Furthermore, as already<br />

mentioned, <strong>Echinocereus</strong> generally enter a reduced growth period<br />

at the peak of summer, during which watering and feeding<br />

should be accordingly lowered. Finally, here is a tip in order to get<br />

the best from species that mostly flower in autumn or late autumn<br />

under our conditions. These are some taxa from Baja California<br />

(notably: E. barthelowanus, E. brandegeei, E. maritimus and<br />

its variety hancockii), receiving scarce and irregular rains in<br />

their habitats, often in late fall or winter. If weather allows, and<br />

under greenhouse conditions, it is advisable to give them some<br />

more water just before or during flowering time. This treatment<br />

not only seems to enhance blossoming, but also helps to “sustain”<br />

the new growth, which is usually very early (new spines are formed<br />

by the end of January, in the conditions of Tuscany).<br />

As a general rule, in order to ensure regular growth, it is best to<br />

fertilize steadily (say at each watering in the growing season) at<br />

reduced rates, compared<br />

with those generally<br />

suggested by producers.<br />

In spring, the<br />

authors make use of low<br />

nitrogen fertilizers enriched<br />

by trace elements<br />

(like Chempak 8 (NPK<br />

12.5-25-25) or Flory 4<br />

(from Planta GmbH,<br />

NPK 10-15-24), in order<br />

to enhance new<br />

growth with strong<br />

spination and generous<br />

blossoming. Later,<br />

when plants are in full<br />

growth, more balanced<br />

fertilizers like Vitafeed<br />

11 (NPK 19-19-19) or<br />

Floral (from Cifo, NPK<br />

20-20-20), also quite<br />

rich in micro-elements,<br />

are recommended. Rates are in all cases from 0.2 to 0.5 grams per<br />

litre.<br />

A final note: do not fertilize at first watering, as some time is<br />

required for the full development of the thin hair-like feeding roots,<br />

and gradually reduce fertilizing by the end of summer.<br />

Flowering<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> is a rather large and diverse genus in most<br />

respects, and this is also shown in flower production. Flower<br />

colours include white, several shades of pink, red, orange and<br />

yellow, as well as brownish or yellowish-green. Particularly eyecatching<br />

are bicolour and sometimes tricolour flowers (throat, middle<br />

and top of perianth-segments showing different colours, as in<br />

some forms of E. pectinatus and E. reichenbachii, and in E.<br />

chisoensis). Flower sizes also vary, from rather diminutive forms<br />

in the viridiflorus/chloranthus/russanthus groups, to largesized<br />

flowers in most species. Flowers can be sensationally large in<br />

some cases, with extremes such as E. hempelii, E. primolanatus,<br />

or E. stramineus (for the last species, flowers have been measured<br />

with a diameter of 17 cm!)<br />

Different groups flower in different seasons, so that in a fairly<br />

representative collection you will experience flowering peaks in


di quanto solitamente consigliato dai produttori. In primavera<br />

gli autori utilizzano fertilizzanti a basso contenuto<br />

di azoto, arricchiti con microelementi, come Chempak 8<br />

(NPK 12,5-25-25) o Flory 4 (di Planta GmbH, NPK 10-15-<br />

24) allo scopo di stimolare la nuova crescita con spinagione<br />

robusta e fioriture generose.<br />

Più tardi, quando le piante sono<br />

in piena attività, si consigliano<br />

fertilizzanti più bilanciati come<br />

Vitafeed 11 (NPK 19-19-19) o<br />

Floral (di Cifo, NPK 20-20-20),<br />

anch’essi ricchi di microelementi.<br />

Le dosi vanno in ogni caso da<br />

0,2 a 0,5 grammi per litro.<br />

Un’annotazione finale: è bene<br />

non fertilizzare alla prima innaffiatura,<br />

dato che la formazione<br />

delle radici assorbenti più sotti-<br />

li richiede un certo tempo, e gradualmente<br />

ridurre alla fine dell’estate.<br />

Fioritura<br />

I l<br />

genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong> è ampio e differenziato sotto molti<br />

aspetti, e ciò si constata anche nelle fioriture. Fra i<br />

colori che si incontrano vi sono il bianco, varie tonalità di<br />

rosa, il rosso,<br />

l’arancio, il giallo<br />

e anche verde bruno<br />

e verde giallo.<br />

Alcuni fiori bicolori<br />

o tricolori<br />

sono particolarmente<br />

attraenti<br />

(come in alcune<br />

forme di E. pectinatus<br />

ed E. reichenbachii,<br />

e in E. chisoensis<br />

i cui fiori presentano<br />

gola, segmento<br />

intermedio<br />

e apice del perianzio<br />

con colori diversi).<br />

Anche le dimensioni<br />

dei fiori<br />

variano, dai più<br />

minuti nei gruppi<br />

viridiflorus/chloranthus/russanthus,<br />

a<br />

fiori grandi nella<br />

maggior parte delle<br />

specie. In alcuni casi i fiori possono essere eccezionalmente<br />

grandi, come in E. hempelii, E. primolanatus o E. stramineus<br />

(del quale si sono misurati fiori con diametro di 17<br />

cm!).<br />

Vari gruppi fioriscono in periodi differenti, cosicché in una<br />

collezione sufficientemente rappresentativa si hanno picchi<br />

di fioriture in primavera e in giugno e luglio, ma con<br />

parecchie specie comunque in fiore dall’inizio della primavera<br />

all’inizio dell’autunno.<br />

Fra i primi a fiorire in primavera dalle nostre parti vi sono<br />

E. davisii (probabilmente il primo in assoluto, con fiori<br />

aperti già nelle prime settimante di febbraio) e quindi,<br />

per menzionarne solo alcuni, E. knippelianus e sue varietà,<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. gurneyi, HK 1064<br />

(foto W. S. LaHaye).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chisoensis.<br />

9<br />

spring and June/July, but will also find several plants in blossom<br />

from very early spring up to the onset of autumn. In our climate,<br />

among the earliest <strong>Echinocereus</strong> to set buds and flower in spring<br />

are species like E. davisii (probably the winner, with flowers already<br />

opening in the first weeks of February), and then, just to<br />

mention a few, E. knippelianus and<br />

its varieties, E. pamanesiorum, E.<br />

schereri, E. nicholii and its variety<br />

llanuraensis, E. boyce-thompsonii,<br />

E. chisoensis, E. papillosus,<br />

E. coccineus var. paucispinus, E.<br />

(Wilcoxia) poselgeri and E. (Wilcoxia)<br />

schmollii. These are followed<br />

soon by many other species in<br />

the engelmannii, pectinatus,<br />

caespitosus/reichenbachii, and<br />

scheeri/polyacanthus/triglochidiatus<br />

complexes. Other taxa,<br />

such as E. cinerascens, E. sciurus<br />

and its variety floresii, E. subinermis,<br />

E. viereckii (and many others)<br />

are typically late spring flowering.<br />

Baja California species such as E. ferreirianus, E. grandis and<br />

E. websterianus are usually in bloom in full summer, while E.<br />

brandegeei and E. barthelowanus follow from August up to<br />

September/October. Finally, in the case of E. maritimus and its<br />

var. hancockii,<br />

the blooming season<br />

(under lucky<br />

conditions) may<br />

stretch from midspring<br />

to late autumn!<br />

Most <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

will easily reward<br />

their grower<br />

with stunning<br />

flowers. However,<br />

as already noted<br />

above, there are<br />

species that appear<br />

to be difficult in<br />

cultivation, if one<br />

cannot provide<br />

general conditions<br />

mimicking as close<br />

as possible those<br />

encountered in<br />

habitat. The challenge<br />

involved in<br />

persuading reluctant<br />

species to blossom is certainly part of the fun for the serious<br />

hobbyist! Thus several desert species (e.g. those in the engelmannii<br />

complex) will require maximum bright sunlight in order to set<br />

flowers, and this will be more likely when they have developed to<br />

fairly large clumps. The same seems to apply to species in the stramineus<br />

and enneacanthus groups. Species from Baja California<br />

such as E. brandegeei, E. ferreirianus, E. barthelowanus,<br />

E. grandis and E. websterianus are ill-famed. But again,<br />

if properly cared for, and possibly after years of failure, a time<br />

eventually comes for long-awaited buds. The prize for unpredictability<br />

seems to belong to E. maritimus and its variety hancockii,<br />

for which you may wait a long time, and then have them in flower<br />

at unexpected and repeated times in a year.


E. pamanesiorum, E. scheeri, E. nicholii e la sua varietà<br />

llanuraensis, E. boyce-thompsonii, E. chisoensis, E. papillosus, E.<br />

coccineus var. paucispinus, E. poselgeri ed E. schmollii. A breve<br />

distanza seguono molte altre specie nei gruppi engelmannii,<br />

pectinatus, caespitosus/reichenbachii e scheeri/polyacanthus/<br />

triglochidiatus. Altri taxa, per esempio E. cinerascens, E. sciurus<br />

e la sua varietà floresii, E. subinermis, E. viereckii (e molti altri)<br />

fioriscono di norma in tarda primavera. Specie della<br />

Baja California come E. ferreirianus, E. grandis ed E.<br />

websterianus, fioriscono solitamente in piena estate, mentre<br />

E. brandegeei ed E. barthelowanus seguono in Agosto-Settembre<br />

e anche oltre. Infine, nel caso di E. maritimus e<br />

della sua varietà hancockii, la fioritura (in condizioni fortunate)<br />

puo’ estendersi dalla media primavera fino al tardo<br />

autunno!<br />

La maggior parte degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ricompensa facilmente<br />

chi li coltiva con fiori spettacolari. Vi sono tuttavia specie<br />

più difficili in coltivazione se non si riescono a riprodurre<br />

il più possibile le condizioni tipiche dell’habitat. D’altra<br />

parte, la sfida nel tentare di ottenere fioriture dalle<br />

specie più riluttanti fa parte del piacere intrinseco nell’hobby.<br />

Così alcune specie del deserto (per esempio quelle del<br />

gruppo engelmannii) richiedono la massima luce possibile<br />

per fiorire, il che di norma avviene quando hanno già raggiunto<br />

la forma di cespi ragguardevoli. Lo stesso si può<br />

dire delle specie nei gruppi stramineus ed enneacanthus.<br />

Quelle della Baja California come E. brandegeei, E. ferreirianus,<br />

E. barthelowanus, E. grandis ed E. websterianus hanno<br />

una pessima reputazione in questo senso. Ma, ancora una<br />

volta, se trattate opportunamente, e magari dopo anni di<br />

fallimenti, arriva il giorno che i tanto sospirati fiori appaiono.<br />

La palma dell’imprevedibilità spetta forse a E.<br />

maritimus e alla sua varietà hancockii per i quali si può attendere<br />

invano per anni e poi avere inaspettate e ripetute<br />

fioriture nel corso di un solo anno.<br />

Un’ulteriore annotazione: secondo molti coltivatori è consigliabile<br />

somministrare la prima innaffiatura solo quando<br />

i boccioli degli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> che fioriscono in primavera<br />

sono ben sviluppati, pena il rischio che abortiscano. Ciò<br />

viene segnalato in particolare per i taxa dei gruppi engel-<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

10<br />

A further note: according to several growers, it would be advisable<br />

to postpone first watering until buds are well developed on the<br />

spring flowering <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. Untimely watering might cause<br />

bud abortion (this is reported, in particular, for the engelmannii<br />

and coccineus/triglochidiatus complexes).<br />

One final advice: unless pollination has occurred and you want<br />

the fruits to develop in order to collect seed, remove dead flowers<br />

from your plants, as they may turn into a source of infections<br />

(particularly if ventilation is scarce, or wet weather slows down<br />

the desiccation of flowers). Also take great care of fruits: cut them<br />

off once they are fully mature and before they start to rot!<br />

Containers<br />

C lay<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> grandis, Isla S. Esteban (coll. e foto L. Gavazzi).<br />

or plastic? A matter of weight, watering regimes, local<br />

climate, and aesthetics as well. Clay pots dry up much quicker<br />

than plastic pots, which can be an advantage against the risks of<br />

overwatering. On the other hand, this feature coupled with irregular<br />

or scarce watering may end up in root stress or uneven<br />

root distribution, as the roots tend to reach and “felter” the walls<br />

of the pot searching for water. Plastic pots generally require less<br />

frequent watering, and one has to be very careful to avoid excessive<br />

moisture retention (however this can be handled safely enough,<br />

especially if a mineral potting mix is used). Root distribution is<br />

generally even in plastic pots. Avoid low-quality plastic pots: they<br />

have poor durability and crack after a few seasons under strong<br />

summer sunlight. However, good quality thick polypropylene pots<br />

are available, which are almost indestructible. Not only do they<br />

withstand strong summer heat, but also boiling water. They can<br />

be sterilized and reused many times.<br />

Round or square? Round pots provide good outside air circulation.<br />

Square pots save a lot of space! And good ones with rimmed<br />

top edges allow sufficient air flow between them.<br />

While single pots, not oversized but reasonably deep, are suitable<br />

for most species, several <strong>Echinocereus</strong> develop into large clumps<br />

with time (in some cases up to one hundred stems or more!). A lot<br />

of space is required for these forms, and they will thrive when bedded<br />

out on greenhouse benches (or open ground, if climate allows).<br />

Otherwise, one has to look for very large and not too deep<br />

pots (and a friend when the time comes for repotting!). In particular,<br />

shallow large pots are recommended for those species which


mannii e coccineus/triglochidiatus. Un ultimo consiglio: a<br />

meno che i fiori non siano già impollinati e desideriate far<br />

sviluppare i frutti per raccogliere i semi, rimuovete i fiori<br />

appassiti dalle vostre piante, poiché potrebbero essere fonte<br />

di infezioni, soprattutto se la ventilazione è scarsa o l’umidità<br />

ambientale rallenta il disseccamento dei fiori. Fate<br />

anche attenzione ai frutti e rimuoveteli appena sono maturi<br />

e prima che inizino a marcire.<br />

Vasi<br />

V asi<br />

di coccio o di plastica? Per scegliere occorre considerare<br />

alcuni fattori come peso, tipo di innaffiature,<br />

clima ed estetica. I vasi di coccio asciugano molto più rapidamente<br />

di quelli in plastica, il che può rappresentare un<br />

vantaggio contro il rischio di innaffiature eccessive. D’altra<br />

parte, questa caratteristica, combinata con innaffiature<br />

irregolari o scarse, può portare a stress dell’apparato<br />

radicale e irregolare distribuzione delle radici, dato che<br />

queste tendono a dirigersi verso le pareti del vaso alla ricerca<br />

di acqua. I vasi di plastica in genere richiedono innaffiature<br />

meno frequenti e occorre fare molta attenzione<br />

per evitare ristagni. A ciò si può ovviare utilizzando un<br />

terriccio in prevalenza minerale. La distribuzione delle<br />

radici è di solito uniforme nei vasi di plastica. Evitate di<br />

usare vasi confezionati con plastica scadente che durano<br />

poco e dopo qualche anno si spaccano al sole. Esistono<br />

comunque vasi in robusto polipropilene che sono praticamente<br />

indistruttibili. Sono in grado di sopportare non solo<br />

il forte sole estivo, ma anche l’acqua bollente tanto da poter<br />

essere sterilizzati e usati di nuovo molte volte.<br />

Rotondi o quadrati? I vasi rotondi assicurano una buona<br />

circolazione dell’aria all’esterno. Quelli quadrati fanno risparmiare<br />

spazio<br />

e se hanno un<br />

orlo superiore<br />

l’aria circola comunque<br />

bene<br />

fra l’uno e l’altro.<br />

Vasi singoli non<br />

troppo grandi rispetto<br />

alla pianta,<br />

ma sufficientementecapienti,<br />

sono adatti<br />

alla maggior parte<br />

delle specie.<br />

Tuttavia alcuni<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> accestiscono<br />

col tempo,<br />

in alcuni casi<br />

sviluppando anche<br />

un centinaio<br />

di teste o più. Per<br />

questi taxa è necessario<br />

molto<br />

spazio ed essi<br />

prosperano<br />

quando vengono piantati direttamente sui bancali della<br />

serra o all’aperto se il clima lo consente. Altrimenti occorre<br />

orientarsi verso ciotole ampie e poco profonde (chiedendo<br />

eventualmente aiuto a qualche amico quando occorre<br />

rinvasare). Questo tipo di ciotole è consigliabile per<br />

le specie che formano gruppi di individui prostrati, come<br />

E. pentalophus, o quelle che sviluppano stoloni, e quindi<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Giovane piantina di/seedling of E. chloranthus var. neocapillus,<br />

stessa località/same loc. (foto G. Orbani).<br />

11<br />

form prostrate clumps, like E. pentalophus, or develop stolons<br />

(these include not only E. stoloniferus and its variety tayopensis,<br />

E. chloranthus var. neocapillus, S of Marathon,<br />

Brewster Co., Tx (foto G. Orbani).<br />

Pests and diseases<br />

but also, say, E. leonensis<br />

and E.<br />

berlandieri). The<br />

second author has<br />

seen specimens of E.<br />

leonensis, bedded<br />

out in benches, with<br />

stolons emitting new<br />

stems at a distance<br />

of 1/1.5 m from the<br />

original stem. If you<br />

have enough room,<br />

try it: root a single<br />

stem (circa 5 cm in<br />

diameter) in a shallow<br />

large container<br />

(35-40 cm wide). In<br />

2/3 years you may<br />

end up with the container<br />

full of new<br />

stems, emerging<br />

(and flowering)<br />

wherever they find<br />

enough room.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> are not particularly prone to animal pests compared<br />

with cacti in general. Key factors in pest control are<br />

proper growing conditions, regular inspections, and periodic preventive<br />

chemical treatment. By far the most common pests are mealy<br />

bugs, especially root mealy bugs. The latter are particularly obnox-


non solo E. stoloniferus e la sua varietà tayopensis, ma anche,<br />

per esempio, E. leonensis ed E. berlandieri. Il secondo autore<br />

ha visto esemplari di E. leonensis piantati in bancale emettere<br />

stoloni a una distanza di anche 1-1,5 metri dal fusto<br />

originario. Se avete la possibilità di farlo, provate a piantare<br />

un singolo fusto di circa 5 cm di diametro in una ciotola<br />

larga 35-40 cm. In 2-3 anni potreste trovarvi con la ciotola<br />

completamente piena di nuovi fusticini che spuntano (e fioriscono)<br />

ovunque trovaino spazio<br />

sufficiente.<br />

Parassiti e malattie<br />

G li<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong>, in confronto<br />

ad altre cactacee, non<br />

sono particolarmente attaccati<br />

dai parassiti. I fattori chiave<br />

sono comunque una coltivazione<br />

in condizioni ottimali, ispezioni<br />

regolari e trattamenti preventivi<br />

con prodotti chimici. I<br />

parassiti più comuni sono di<br />

gran lunga le cocciniglie, in particolare<br />

quelle delle radici che<br />

sono particolarmente fastidiose.<br />

La loro azione non solo indebolisce<br />

la pianta in modo<br />

considerevole, ma può essere<br />

anche fonte di ulteriori e a volte<br />

fatali infezioni fungine. Mentre<br />

la cocciniglia cotonosa che<br />

attacca i fusti è facilmente<br />

individuabile e talvolta eliminabile<br />

anche solo con etanolo diluito,<br />

quella delle radici può svilupparsi<br />

indisturbata prima che<br />

si decida di rinvasare la pianta.<br />

È quindi consigliabile giocare<br />

d’anticipo, per esempio somministrando<br />

una buona innaffiatura<br />

con insetticida all’inizio e<br />

alla fine della stagione di crescita.<br />

Ottimi risultati si ottengono<br />

con prodotti a base di<br />

dimetoato (per es. Rogor e Perfektion) che hanno azione<br />

sia sistemica che di contatto, e altri prodotti a base di componenti<br />

fosfo-organiche, come Reldan 22 (cloropirifosmetile)<br />

o Basudin (diazinone). Anche prodotti di nuova<br />

generazione ad ampio spettro, a base di imidacloprid<br />

(come Confidor, della Bayer), sembrano essere molto efficaci<br />

e hanno il vantaggio di una bassa tossicità.<br />

Il ragnetto rosso è relativamente raro sugli <strong>Echinocereus</strong>,<br />

ma quando si insedia è difficile da eliminare. Mentre per<br />

controllare infestazioni medio-basse è sufficiente<br />

nebulizzare acqua con regolarità, un’infestazione di grosse<br />

proporzioni si può eliminare solo mediante regolari e<br />

ripetute somministrazioni di insetticidi appropriati. I più<br />

efficaci sono quelli che combattono il parassita in tutte le<br />

sue fasi di sviluppo, dalle uova alle larve all’insetto adulto,<br />

per esempio Tedane, che combina due principi attivi,<br />

Tetradifon e Dicofol.<br />

Purtroppo i parassiti vengono sovente introdotti in una<br />

collezione dalle nuove piante acquistate. Occorre pertanto<br />

controllarle accuratamente, metterle in quarantena e,<br />

meglio ancora, svasarle esaminando le radici e rinvasarle<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

12<br />

ious. Their sucking action not only considerably weakens the plants,<br />

but often is the vehicle of secondary and eventually fatal fungine<br />

infections.<br />

While waxy mealy bugs on the stems are easily spotted, and applications<br />

of diluted ethanol may be enough to get rid of them, a<br />

heavy infestation of tiny root mealy bugs may have already set in<br />

before one decides to unpot the plant, discovering their chalky<br />

white chunks attached to the rootstock. It is therefore advisable to<br />

act in advance, e.g. giving a good<br />

soak of insecticide both at the beginning<br />

and the end of the growing<br />

season. Very good results can<br />

be obtained with products based<br />

on dimethoate (e.g. Rogor, Perfektion),<br />

which have both a systemic<br />

and contact action, and other<br />

products based on phospho-organic<br />

compounds, such as Reldan<br />

22 (chloropiriphos-methile) or Basudin<br />

(diazinone). Wide spectrum,<br />

new generation products<br />

based on imidacloprid (such as<br />

Confidor, distributed by Bayer)<br />

also seem to be very effective, and<br />

have the advantage of low toxicity.<br />

Red spider mites are relatively rare<br />

in <strong>Echinocereus</strong> collections, but<br />

once established are rather difficult<br />

to eliminate. Whilst regular<br />

sprayings of water may help to<br />

control a mild infestation, a heavy<br />

one can only be eradicated by a<br />

repeated use of a good miticide.<br />

The most effective products are<br />

those affecting all life stages of the<br />

pest, from eggs and larvae to adult<br />

mites (such as Tedane, combining<br />

the active ingredients Tetradifon<br />

and Dicofol).<br />

E. pectinatus, Nuevo Leon, Mx (foto G. Orbani).<br />

Unfortunately, pests are often introduced<br />

in a healthy collection<br />

through newly acquired plants. It<br />

is necessary to carefully check all new accessions. Put them in<br />

quarantine. Even better, unpot them, examine the root-ball, soak<br />

them into a solution of broad spectrum insecticide, then repot<br />

using your favourite mix.<br />

Fungine attacks mostly (but not always!) occur under wet and<br />

cold conditions, particularly as a consequence of untimely or excessive<br />

watering. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> with thick rootstock are generally<br />

more sensitive to overwatering, and therefore require some<br />

more attention.<br />

As already mentioned above, a general preventive protection<br />

of the collection using a good systemic fungicide, e.g. Benlate,<br />

may be advisable at first watering in spring. Note however<br />

that it will only cover part of the potentially present pathogens,<br />

and it may have the effect of reducing growth for some<br />

time.<br />

Once infection has set in, one can still try to use a fungicide<br />

(and a specific one if the pathogen is known). Unfortunately,<br />

it doesn’t always work, and rot can invade a whole plant at<br />

an impressive speed. Moreover, fungine infections may spread<br />

very quickly over the collection. Therefore, immediately isolate<br />

affected plants, and act quickly. ❁


solo dopo averle messe a bagno in un buon insetticida ad<br />

ampio spettro. Gli attacchi fungini si verificano per lo più,<br />

ma non solo, in condizioni ambientali di umido e freddo,<br />

particolarmente in conseguenza di innaffiature eccessive<br />

o intempestive. Gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> con radici tuberose sono di<br />

solito più sensibili all’eccesso di umidità e richiedono quindi<br />

molta più attenzione. Come già detto, un’azione preventiva<br />

con un fungicida sistemico, per esempio Benlate, è consigliabile<br />

all’inizio della primavera. Si noti comunque che la<br />

sua azione non copre l’intero spettro dei possibili agenti<br />

patogeni e può avere l’effetto collaterale di ritardare o ridurre<br />

la crescita per qualche tempo. Una volta che l’infezione<br />

si è sviluppata, si può tentare di usare un fungicida (specifico<br />

se si conosce l’agente patogeno). Sfortunatamente ciò<br />

non è sempre sufficiente e il marciume può invadere l’intera<br />

pianta in brevissimo tempo. Inoltre, le infezioni fungine<br />

possono propagarsi molto rapidamente ad altre piante: perciò<br />

isolate subito le piante ammalate! ❁<br />

Dal seme<br />

al successo in poco tempo<br />

di Bill R. Beaston<br />

Fotografie dell’autore<br />

L<br />

a prima cosa da sapere è come far germinare le cactacee<br />

in genere, dato che i semi di <strong>Echinocereus</strong> non richiedono<br />

trattamenti particolari come, per esempio, quelli<br />

di Pediocactus, Opuntia e qualche altro genere. La procedura<br />

non è diversa da quella adottata per le piante più frequenti<br />

in collezione, come Echinopsis o Notocactus, ma anche<br />

Ariocarpus e Turbinicarpus.<br />

Dove trovare i semi<br />

E. dayacanthus, SB 732,<br />

Pecos Co., Tx.<br />

S<br />

e volete creare una collezione seria di <strong>Echinocereus</strong>, cercate<br />

di procurarvi i semi o le piante da fornitori con<br />

una buona reputazione, con numeri di raccolta per cia-<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

13<br />

From seed<br />

to success in less than a lifetime<br />

A good<br />

by Bill R. Beaston<br />

Photographs courtesy of the author<br />

thing to know is how to grow cacti from seed. Consider<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> species to be typical cacti, and not plants<br />

which may need specialized seed treatment, such as those in the<br />

genera Pediocactus, Opuntia, and one or two others. For the<br />

most part, “typical cacti”, are those in the genera Echinopsis,<br />

Notocactus, and most plants found in the average collection,<br />

including the so-called “Living Rock” cacti, such as Ariocarpus<br />

and Turbinicarpus.<br />

Sources<br />

In order to build a serious <strong>Echinocereus</strong> collection, try to obtain<br />

seeds or plants from a reputable source, if possible with<br />

field collection numbers for each form. Generic seed is often mixed<br />

with other seeds, or is of hybrid origin. It is now more important<br />

than ever before to achieve and maintain a reference collection<br />

which is pure, as field collected material is no longer available for<br />

many species of <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />

Soil<br />

E. scheeri var. koehresianus,<br />

Lau 1143.<br />

Find a good reference book on growing cacti from seed, and the<br />

type of soil components needed. There are many variations on<br />

methods, depending on which source you refer to. I have never<br />

really tried the exotic methods, such as sowing the seed in a clear<br />

container, like a plastic bag or large glass jar, previously filled<br />

with sterilized sphagnum moss (that is, free of weed seed, and<br />

harmful fungi). This medium has to be wet, and then the bag or<br />

jar is sealed and placed under lights. I recommend basic methods,<br />

such as using individual plastic pots which will be set into a water<br />

retaining tray.


scuna specie. I semi privi di tali indicazioni provengono<br />

da più piante mescolate o sono addirittura ibridi. Oggi<br />

avere una collezione documentata è molto più importante<br />

di un tempo, dato che la maggior parte delle specie<br />

non può più essere raccolta in habitat.<br />

Terriccio<br />

P rocuratevi<br />

innanzitutto un buon testo su come coltivare<br />

le cactacee da seme e quali tipi di terriccio utiliz-<br />

zare. Ci sono molte variazioni sul metodo, a seconda degli<br />

autori. Personalmente non ho mai sperimentato metodi fantasiosi,<br />

come mettere i semi in un contenitore trasparente o<br />

in sacchetti di plastica<br />

preventivamente riempiti<br />

di sfagno sterile,<br />

vale a dire privo di semi<br />

di infestanti e spore di<br />

funghi. Questo materiale<br />

deve essere usato<br />

umido e quindi il sacchetto<br />

deve essere sigillato<br />

e collocato sotto<br />

una sorgente di luce.<br />

Consiglio metodi più<br />

tradizionali, come uti-<br />

lizzare vasetti di plastica<br />

e un vassoio in cui disporli<br />

immersi in acqua.<br />

Io utilizzo due<br />

componenti per il terriccio, al 50%. Il primo è terriccio di<br />

foglie setacciato. Si tratta del risultato della decomposizione<br />

di foglie. Nella zona dove abito, nel nordovest degli Stati<br />

Uniti, sul Pacifico, ci sono un paio di possibilità: terriccio di<br />

conifere e terriccio di alberi a foglia larga, come l’acero. Attenzione:<br />

alcune specie contengono componenti organiche<br />

dannose che inibiscono la germinazione dei semi, come nel<br />

caso delle querce. Indipendentemente dal fatto che si utilizzi<br />

o meno terriccio di foglie setacciato, o terra di giardino<br />

setacciata, è sempre importante verificare l’assenza di sostanze<br />

organiche come pezzetti di legno o erba. Nella mia zona<br />

questo tipo di terriccio ha il giusto pH, che per quasi tutte le<br />

cactacee deve avere un valore intorno a 6-7. Il secondo componente<br />

deve essere un buon drenante, come granito grossolano<br />

o sabbia basaltica, con una granulometria di circa 5-6<br />

mm. Non usate sabbia silicea dato che spesso viene raccolta<br />

in zone marine e contiene sale. Evitate anche la sabbia molto<br />

fine di qualsiasi tipo perché compatta troppo il terriccio.<br />

Nella mia zona abbiamo la fortuna di poter trovare la pomice,<br />

materiale poroso di origine vulcanica. Alcuni utilizzano<br />

sostanze artificiali come perlite o addirittura mattoni sbriciolati.<br />

L’obiettivo principale nel preparare un buon terriccio per<br />

le semine è di avere un composto che non indurisca quando<br />

asciuga e sia molto permeabile all’acqua, dato che le<br />

innaffiature vanno fatte dal basso, vale a dire facendo in<br />

modo che l’acqua venga assorbita dal foro di scolo del vaso.<br />

Il foro può essere coperto dall’interno del vaso con un<br />

pezzetto di rete di plastica. Innaffiare dall’alto, o anche<br />

nebulizzare, può danneggiare i delicati semenzali o distruggere<br />

le fragili radici.<br />

Cure iniziali<br />

C i<br />

Semenzale innestato di 30 mesi di/<br />

a 30 months old grafted seedling of<br />

E. knippelianus var. kruegeri.<br />

si preoccupa molto circa il metodo più efficace<br />

per sterilizzare il terriccio. Quando ritengo che<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

14<br />

I use two soil components, in equal parts. The first one is sifted<br />

leafmold, which is a soil that is developed from decomposing tree<br />

leaves. In my area, the Pacific northwest of the U.S., there are a<br />

couple of choices: soil from conifers, and soil from broad leaf species<br />

such as maples. Beware: some species have harmful organic<br />

compounds in them, which inhibit seed germination (this includes<br />

some of the oak species). Regardless of whether or not one uses<br />

sifted leafmold, or sifted garden soil, it should be free of organic<br />

material such as bits of wood, or even pieces of grass. In my area,<br />

this mix has the right pH range, which is between 6 and 7 for<br />

nearly all genera of cacti. The second component is a good spacer,<br />

such as coarse granite or basaltic sand, with the average size being<br />

around 1/4 inch in diameter. Do not use silica sand, because this<br />

is often collected from a sea shore and contains salt. Avoid much<br />

fine sand of any kind, because it makes the soil mix too compact.<br />

In my area, we are fortunate in having access to pumice, which is<br />

crushed lava foam of volcanic origin. Some use artificial substances<br />

such as perlite, or even crushed masonry.<br />

The goal in making a good seed mix is to have a compound that<br />

does not become hard when it dries out, and is highly permeable to<br />

water flow, because watering has to be done from the bottom up,<br />

that is, the hole in the bottom of the pot allows water to seep upwards<br />

in the pot. That hole in the pot can be covered from the<br />

inside with a piece of some kind of inert fabric, or plastic screen.<br />

The soil mix is placed in the pot on top of the screening. Overhead<br />

watering of delicate cacti seedlings can damage or destroy the fragile<br />

root system, even light misting may have this effect.<br />

Early care<br />

A lot<br />

of concern goes into methods for sterilizing the soil mix. I<br />

use two ways to do this, if I decide I want to. The first is to<br />

put the soil mix in a glass or aluminium pan, and then put it in<br />

a conventional oven, heated to 200 F. The pan must not be too<br />

deep, only about 2 inches, and let it heat for about 1 hour. The<br />

second method is to place the soil in a glass tray, and put it in a<br />

microwave oven for about 30 minutes, total, on high heat. I rotate<br />

the tray every 10 minutes. Here again, the soil in the tray must<br />

not be too deep, or it will not heat up enough to kill weed seeds and<br />

fungal spores. However, I often do not sterilize the soil mix. I have<br />

found that with a bit of attention, I can remove any stray weed<br />

seedlings as soon as they sprout.<br />

My experience has been that about the only advantage to sterilizing<br />

a soil mix, is to kill weed seeds. It is nearly impossible to keep<br />

the mix sterile after the first two days, with temperatures around<br />

70 °F and under lights. If you choose to plant the seeds in the<br />

spring, or early summer, then you can let the natural cycle of day<br />

and night stimulate germination. I do both methods, and find no<br />

particular advantage with either of them. In the Pacific NorthWest<br />

of the U.S. where I live, the long, dark and damp days of the late<br />

fall and winter can be brightened up with an area of the house set<br />

aside with fluorescent lights permanently on, suspended about 6<br />

to 8 inches above the seed mix. The seeds are sown directly on top<br />

of the mix, and only misted to settle them into the soil. After this,<br />

water from below only.<br />

I used to cover the seed trays with a clear plastic for the first few days,<br />

but found that the control of the inevitable moulds, slime moulds<br />

and mosses is more difficult. The seeds of “typical” cacti will germinate<br />

anytime after 72 hours, and sometimes sooner with some species.<br />

It can take 14 or more days for others. It is not uncommon to


sia necessario, utilizzo due metodi. Il primo consiste<br />

nel mettere il terriccio in un recipiente di<br />

vetro o di alluminio e cuocerlo in forno a 80-90<br />

gradi. Il contenitore non deve essere troppo profondo,<br />

all’incirca 5 cm, e occorre lasciarlo in forno<br />

per circa un’ora. Il secondo sistema consiste<br />

nel riporre il terriccio su un vassoio di vetro e<br />

metterlo in un forno a microonde alla massima<br />

temperatura per 30 minuti. Il vassoio va ruotato<br />

ogni 10 minuti. Anche in questo caso lo spessore<br />

del terriccio non deve essere eccessivo o il calore<br />

non riuscirà a raggiungere gli strati più bassi e a<br />

distruggere i semi di infestanti e le spore di funghi.<br />

Spesso, comunque, io non sterilizzo affatto<br />

e mi limito a rimuovere le erbe infestanti man<br />

mano che spuntano.<br />

L’esperienza mi ha insegnato che l’unico vantaggio<br />

della sterilizzazione è di distruggere le erbe<br />

infestanti. Infatti è praticamente impossibile avere<br />

un terriccio effettivamente sterile già dopo un<br />

paio di giorni, a circa 22 °C e sotto la luce. Se<br />

decidete di seminare in primavera o all’inizio dell’estate,<br />

il naturale ciclo giorno-notte provvederà<br />

a stimolare la germinazione dei semi. Io utilizzo entrambi<br />

i metodi senza trovare particolari vantaggi in uno dei<br />

due. Nella zona dove risiedo le lunghe giornate del tardo<br />

autunno o dell’inverno sono spesso scure e umide e i<br />

vassoietti con le semine possono essere tenuti in casa e<br />

illuminati con lampade fluorescenti permanentemente<br />

accese e poste a circa 15-20 cm dalla superficie del terriccio.<br />

I semi vengono distribuiti direttamente sulla superficie<br />

del terriccio e appena nebulizzati per farli aderire. In<br />

seguito vanno bagnati solo dal basso.<br />

Ero solito coprire i vassoietti con plastica trasparente per i<br />

primi giorni, ma mi sono reso conto che era difficile tenere<br />

sotto controllo l’inevitabile proliferare di muschi e<br />

muffe. I semi di cactacee in genere germinano a partire<br />

da 72 ore dopo la semina, ma nel caso di alcune specie<br />

anche prima, mentre altre richiedono 14 o più giorni. Non<br />

è raro veder germinare una piantina dopo diversi mesi dalla<br />

prima, a volte fino a due anni dopo. Ero solito trattare i<br />

giovanissimi semenzali con sporadiche nebulizzazioni di<br />

Chinosol molto diluito, ma non ho riscontrato particolari<br />

benefici. Un anno ho trattato i semi in Chinosol in polvere<br />

e ho ottenuto percentuali di germinazione molto basse<br />

in tutte le vaschette. Penso che il Chinosol abbia ritardato<br />

la germinazione causando la perdita dei semi per marciume<br />

nel terriccio umido. Ho notato che i semenzali prosperano<br />

insieme alle muffe per le prime 3 settimane, poi<br />

per controllare il problema lascio asciugare il terriccio per<br />

2-4 giorni prima di bagnare nuovamente. Questo sistema<br />

arresta la crescita delle muffe e contribuisce a rinforzare i<br />

semenzali. A volte l’inesperienza porta a reagire eccessivamente<br />

alla vista delle alghe e delle muffe che circondano i<br />

semenzali. Il sistema descritto poc’anzi mi sembra il più<br />

efficace per tenere sotto controllo muffe e funghi. Dopo il<br />

primo mese incomincia a crescere il muschio, e ciò sembra<br />

stimolare i semenzali di <strong>Echinocereus</strong> che si trovano inseriti<br />

in un micro-habitat nel quale lo sviluppo di muffe e<br />

funghi è inibito. Se i giovani semenzali incominciano a<br />

rammollirsi, occorre togliere il vasetto dal vassoio e farlo<br />

asciugare il più in fretta possibile. In molti casi ciò riduce<br />

le perdite. Altrimenti bisogna ricorrere a un fungicida appropriato.<br />

Questo è il momento in cui uso Chinosol molto<br />

diluito e nebulizzato, oppure spargo del Captan in polvere.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Semenzali innestati di (da sinistra<br />

a destra)/grafted seedlings of (left to<br />

right): E. coccineus, E. barthelowanus,<br />

E. engelmannii.<br />

15<br />

find a newly germinated seedling<br />

months after the first ones began to<br />

grow, or even up to 2 years later. I used<br />

to treat the developing seed mix with<br />

an occasional misting of very diluted<br />

Chinosol, but found this to be of no<br />

particular advantage. One year I<br />

dusted the seeds in powdered Chinosol,<br />

and had very little germination in all<br />

seed trays. I suspect Chinosol caused<br />

the seeds to delay germination, until<br />

they rotted in the warm damp seed mix.<br />

I have found that cacti seedlings will<br />

thrive along with the covering of<br />

moulds and slime for the first 3 weeks.<br />

Later, in order to control this problem,<br />

I let the seed mix dry out for 2 to 4<br />

days before watering again. This stops<br />

the moulds, and allows the seedlings<br />

to harden. Often, inexperience will<br />

cause one to over-react at the revolting<br />

sight of a seed mix that has bloomed<br />

with a covering of moulds and slime<br />

moulds. The repeated watering and drying out method is my favorite<br />

way to manage fungi and moulds. After the first month, mosses<br />

begin to grow, and I have found that this actually enhances the<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> seedlings, by providing a micro habitat surrounding<br />

the seedlings, and also stops further growth of fungi and moulds.<br />

If newly germinated seedlings begin to dampen off, remove the pot<br />

from the tray and allow it to dry out as quickly as possible. This<br />

will stop the losses in most instances. If not, then get a fungicide to<br />

use (which should be listed in the same book where you got the<br />

information on growing from seed, and soil mixes). This is the<br />

time when I use a very diluted misting of Chinosol, or a dusting<br />

with powdered Captan.<br />

Speeding up by grafting<br />

W hen<br />

the warm days of spring begin, it is necessary to get<br />

ready to really see how fast a collection can be grown from<br />

seed. To do this, rapid growing grafting stock is needed. This is<br />

done by rooting cuttings of the form or forms chosen. I prefer<br />

Pereskiopsis velutina above all else, in 10 to 12 inch lengths,<br />

and will use Eriocereus jusbertii as a second choice, because<br />

both of these forms do very well in my area, in the greenhouse. (In<br />

my climate, greenhouse cultivation is necessary.) There are many<br />

choices in fast growing grafting stocks, and some do better in different<br />

areas of the world, due to different heat and light tolerances.<br />

The forms I prefer, are planted in a very rich, organic compost,<br />

and watered frequently, that is, never let the soil mix dry out<br />

for more than a few days. The mix I use for the grafting stocks is<br />

the original mix for the seedlings, but is now blended 1/3 with<br />

aged, or composted, steer manure. After the grafting stock cuttings<br />

begin to root and start to grow, they are now ready for the most<br />

important phase in developing a mature collection. Pereskiopsis<br />

velutina will begin to sprout several branches: choose one near the<br />

top and remove all others below. If the main stem has leaves, these<br />

can be left on the stem. The stem diameter on Pereskiopsis should<br />

be no greater than 1/4 inch, which is near the tip, and about 1<br />

inch down. To go much lower will get into a hardened growth<br />

which will often not unite in a graft with a very small seedling.<br />

Grafting techniques<br />

If you are unfamiliar with seedling grafting, it will be necessary<br />

to look up some literature on this subject, and the tools needed.


L’innesto<br />

Q<br />

uando arrivano i primi caldi primaverili è il momento<br />

di verificare in quanto tempo si può far crescere<br />

velocemente una collezione da seme. Occorre in primo<br />

luogo scegliere dei portainnesto a crescita rapida e quindi<br />

far radicare delle talee del tipo prescelto. Fra tutti preferisco<br />

Pereskiopsis velutina in talee da 20-25 cm di altezza, con<br />

Eriocereus jusbertii come seconda scelta, in quanto entrambi<br />

crescono bene in serra dalle mie parti. Ci sono comunque<br />

molte possibilità di scelta a seconda delle condizioni<br />

climatiche delle varie parti del mondo. Pianto le talee in<br />

un composto molto ricco di sostanze organiche e innaffio<br />

frequentemente, cioè non lascio mai il terriccio asciutto<br />

per più di qualche giorno. Uso lo stesso terriccio che impiego<br />

per i semenzali, ma con l’aggiunta di 1/3 di stallatico<br />

molto vecchio. Quando le talee sono radicate e incominciano<br />

a crescere, giunge il momento più importante.<br />

Pereskiopsis velutina incomincerà a emettere rami: sceglietene<br />

uno verso la cima ed eliminate gli altri al di sotto. Se<br />

ci sono foglie, possono essere lasciate. Il diametro del portainnesto<br />

non dovrà essere superiore a mezzo centimetro,<br />

il che si otterrà tagliando a non più di 2 cm dall’apice. Più<br />

in basso si incontrano tessuti troppo legnosi che difficilmente<br />

si salderebbero all’innesto.<br />

La tecnica<br />

S e<br />

non avete pratica di innesto con semenzali, occorre<br />

dare un’occhiata a un buon libro sull’argomento che<br />

vi indicherà anche l’attrezzatura necessaria. Vi sono moltissimi<br />

libri che affrontano la questione, e anche diversi<br />

articoli su riviste del settore. Potrete così apprendere come<br />

occorra essere rapidi, puliti e avere mano ferma nel maneggiare<br />

un’affilata lametta da barba. I semenzali molto<br />

giovani, da 2-3 giorni a un paio di mesi di età, possono<br />

essere innestati su talee vigorose e in vegetazione di<br />

Pereskiopsis velutina senza l’impiego di pesi per tenere in<br />

posizione l’innesto. I fluidi del portainnesto hanno la capacità<br />

di trattenere in posizione il piccolo semenzale. I testi<br />

meno recenti vi diranno che l’impiego di pesi è inutile<br />

con semenzali innestati su qualsiasi portainnesto purché<br />

in vegetazione. Semenzali più vecchi avranno bisogno invece<br />

di un lieve peso sull’apice per mantenere il contatto<br />

fra le superfici delle due parti. Si tratta di solito di semenzali<br />

con un diametro già di mezzo centimetro<br />

o più. In questo caso usate Eriocereus<br />

jusbertii o qualsiasi altro portainnesto.<br />

Pereskiopsis velutina può reggere lievi pesi se<br />

non è troppo esile. Io uso fino a 4 fili, ciascuno<br />

con due bulloni o altri pesi attaccati alle<br />

estremità e li appoggio sulla cima dell’innesto.<br />

Il peso di ciascuno è di 1-2 grammi.<br />

La cosa più importante da sapere sulla tecnica<br />

dell’innesto è come individuare il punto<br />

dove le due piante devono entrare in contatto.<br />

Si tratta del bordo dei fasci vascolari di<br />

entrambe le piante, riconoscibile in quanto<br />

è un’area tonda al centro del fusto. Spesso le<br />

due aree non hanno lo stesso diametro e in<br />

tal caso è sufficiente che i due cerchi si intersechino.<br />

Non devono essere concentrici! Basta<br />

posizionare l’innesto leggermente sfasato<br />

rispetto al centro del portainnesto. I fasci vascolari dell’innesto<br />

sono così piccoli da essere poco più di un punto.<br />

Fate del vostro meglio per far combaciare questo punto<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

16<br />

There is a plethora of information in most of the popular <strong>Cacti</strong><br />

Books, and in the various Cactus and Succulent journals from<br />

recent history. This literature will tell you how clean, fast, and<br />

steady of hand you must be, while using very sharp razor blades.<br />

Very young seedlings, from two or three days of age to a couple of<br />

months, can be grafted on vigorously growing Pereskiopsis<br />

velutina, without the use of any weights on the top of the seedling.<br />

The best guess is that the fluid of the vigorously growing grafting<br />

stock has a static capacity. Most older literature on seedling grafting<br />

will tell you that no weight is needed on any grafting stock if<br />

the seedling is very small, and the stock is in vigorous growth.<br />

Older seedlings will need light weight on top, to hold the contacting<br />

surfaces in place. These are usually seedlings that are about<br />

1/4 inch in diameter, or larger. For these, use Eriocereus jusbertii,<br />

or whatever stock you have selected. Pereskiopsis velutina can<br />

be used with light weights only if it is not too slender. As weight, I<br />

use a string with a small bolt or other metal object tied to both<br />

ends, and suspend it over the top to the graft. This has a weight of<br />

about 1 or 2 grams. Often I use up to 4 of these strings.<br />

The most important thing to know about grafting is where the<br />

point of contact is made between the plant to be grafted and the<br />

stock. This is the edge of the vascular bundle of both plants. The<br />

vascular bundle is a round area at the very center of the stem, and<br />

often they do not match in size. When this happens, it is only<br />

necessary for the edge of the vascular bundle of both plants to<br />

make contact, not the center! Simply place the graft slightly offset<br />

to the center of the grafting stock, and this should work. You will<br />

note that the vascular bundle of the seedling is only a very small<br />

spot. Make your best effort to align this dot with the edge of the<br />

much larger outer ring on the vascular bundle of the grafting<br />

stock. Do not expect your first attempts at grafting to work, but if<br />

you are determined, you will become successful, even if you only<br />

have a book to show you how. Make your first experiments on a<br />

species that is not rare, and of which you have plenty of backup<br />

seedlings.<br />

Another very important thing to know about grafting is that it<br />

must be done quickly. And above and beyond all, it is crucial to<br />

use clean blades. My preference in the first step is to set up a working<br />

area, and this should be well lighted. Place a cloth or paper on<br />

a table top, and set the potted grafting stock in the center. Place a<br />

clean paper towel off to the side, and lay the well washed razor<br />

blades, of which there should be at least two, on the towel. Soak a<br />

tissue in isopropylic<br />

alcool, and drench the<br />

entire surfaces of the<br />

razor blades with it,<br />

letting them dry while<br />

you uproot a seedling<br />

with a forceps. Wash<br />

the seedling in warm<br />

water until all of the<br />

visible dirt particles<br />

are removed, and lay<br />

it on the paper towel<br />

beside the razor blades.<br />

Take one of the razor<br />

Semenzali di 30 mesi coltivati in serra/30 months old blades, and with a<br />

seedlings cultivated in a greenhouse.<br />

pulling cut remove the<br />

upper 1/2 to 1 inch of<br />

the grafting stock. Immediately go to the seedling and place the<br />

razor at about the centre of the seedling. With a pulling motion,


con il bordo dei fasci del portainnesto. Non aspettatevi di<br />

avere successo al primo colpo, ma se siete determinati ce<br />

la farete. Fate i primi esperimenti con specie di poco pregio<br />

e di cui avete molti semenzali. Un’altra cosa importante<br />

da ricordare è che quando si praticano degli innesti occorre<br />

essere molto rapidi e, cosa ancora più importante, è<br />

necessario usare sempre delle lamette molto pulite. Io scelgo<br />

innanzitutto un’area di lavoro<br />

ben illuminata, metto sul tavolo<br />

un foglio di carta e al centro<br />

colloco il portainnesto nel<br />

suo vaso. A lato, preparo un tovagliolo<br />

di carta pulito con sopra<br />

almeno due lamette nuove.<br />

Poi bagno un panno con alcool<br />

isopropilico e disinfetto entrambe<br />

le facce delle lamette, facendole<br />

asciugare mentre estraggo<br />

il semenzale da innestare usando<br />

delle pinzette. A questo pun-<br />

to si taglia con una lametta l’apice<br />

del portainnesto per 1-2 cm.<br />

Si taglia quindi immediatamente<br />

a metà il semenzale da inne-<br />

stare con un movimento deciso e senza esercitare pressione,<br />

altrimenti il piccolo semenzale verrà schiacciato e l’innesto<br />

non riuscirà. La parte superiore del semenzale resterà<br />

sulla lametta e da questa bisognerà trasferirla sul portainnesto<br />

già tagliato usando la punta di una matita o qualcosa<br />

di simile, facendo attenzione a posizionarlo nel punto<br />

giusto. La presenza dei liquidi che fuoriescono dalle<br />

superfici tagliate renderà l’operazione più facile. Quando<br />

l’innesto è fatto, mettetelo in un posto dove riceva luce<br />

diffusa e con una temperatura non superiore a 25-27 °C<br />

per circa 5 giorni. Si potrà capire nell’arco di una settimana<br />

se l’innesto è riuscito, in caso contrario il semenzale si<br />

disidraterà rapidamente.<br />

Innestare all’inizio della primavera è vantaggioso perché<br />

la stagione vegetativa spingerà l’innesto a crescere in maniera<br />

vertiginosa. Alcune specie di cactacee arrivano a fiorire<br />

già durante l’estate successiva dello stesso anno. È<br />

importante eliminare i rami che si dovessero formare sul<br />

portainnesto perché sottrarrebbero energia all’innesto.<br />

Non è consigliabile innestare tutti i propri semenzali a<br />

meno che non ne siano germinati solo un paio. Fatelo<br />

comunque solo quando avrete una certa esperienza. I semenzali<br />

sulle proprie radici aspetteranno, crescendo a un<br />

ritmo più lento, ma il ritardo sarà di 3-10 anni a seconda<br />

delle specie. La maggior parte dei semenzali innestati raggiungerà<br />

la maturità alla fine del secondo anno, il terzo<br />

per le specie più lente. In definitiva, una collezione di esemplari<br />

in età da fiore si può ottenere in 2-5 anni a seconda<br />

che la specie accestisca o mantenga un singolo fusto.<br />

Semi dagli innesti<br />

S<br />

e tutto va bene potete ottenere semi dalle piante innestate<br />

fino dalla prima fioritura. Se avete due esemplari<br />

distinti che non provengono per via vegetativa dalla stessa<br />

pianta madre e che fioriscono contemporaneamente o a<br />

breve distanza l’uno dall’altro, potete raccogliere il polline<br />

dalla prima pianta che fiorisce e conservarlo in casa in<br />

un contenitore aperto, lontano dalla luce diretta del sole<br />

e dall’umidità. Il polline della maggior parte delle specie<br />

può essere conservato fino a 3 settimane e quindi utilizza-<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

E. triglochidiatus var. toroweapensis di 7 mesi coltivato a<br />

luce artificiale continua/7 months old cultivated under<br />

artificial lights left on continuously.<br />

17<br />

cut the seedling in half. Do not push the blade down without pulling,<br />

otherwise the seedling will be crushed, and the damaged tissue<br />

will not graft. The top half of the seedling will be on the razor<br />

blade, which then is lifted to the plane of the cut grafting stock.<br />

With a pencil or some sort of a pointer, gently push the seedling off<br />

the blade onto the cut surface of the grafting stock over to the edge<br />

of the vascular bundle. With the abundace of sap, this should be<br />

somewhat easily done. When the seedling<br />

is in position, do not tamper with<br />

it. Take the newly grafted plant to an<br />

area where it will get diffused light,<br />

and temperature which is not above<br />

80 °F, for about 5 days. If the seedling<br />

graft was successful it will become<br />

evident after the first week, by<br />

not desappearing to a dehidrated<br />

specimen. Having done the grafting<br />

in the spring, the advantages of the<br />

main growing season will push the<br />

seedlings at an incredible rate of<br />

growth. Some species of cacti will<br />

flower on the graft before summer ends<br />

the same year the graft was made. It is important to cut back any<br />

branching or offsetting that takes place on the grafting stock. If<br />

not, the energy will be directed away from the graft.<br />

It should be noted that it is not advisable to graft all of the seedlings,<br />

unless you only get one or two to germinate in a particular<br />

batch. Then only do it after you have achieved the skill needed<br />

from experience. These single seedlings will wait, while growing at<br />

a much slower rate on their own roots, but this only sets back some<br />

of the Echinocerei by about 3 to 10 years depending on the species.<br />

Most grafted seedlings will achieve near mature size by the<br />

end of the second year, and the slower growing forms by the end of<br />

the third year. Overall, a mature and flowering collection can be<br />

achieved in 2 to 5 years, depending on the species, whether it is a<br />

clumping form or single stemmed form.<br />

Seed production from grafts<br />

If all goes normally, you can produce seeds on the grafted plants,<br />

as soon as flowering begins. If you have two separate plants<br />

not of the same clone, which flower at the same time, or one shortly<br />

after the first, collect some pollen from the first plant to flower, and<br />

store it in an open container inside of your home, away from direct<br />

sunlight, and damp conditions. This short term storage method<br />

will hold viable pollen for most forms for up to three weeks. The<br />

pollen can then be used to fertilize a flower that blooms at a later<br />

date.<br />

Rooting grafts<br />

When the plant has attained the desired size on the graft, it<br />

can be cut away and rooted. Often these matured grafts,<br />

which are bloated from vigorous growth, will have grown over the<br />

area where the union with the grafting stock has taken place, making<br />

it difficult to cut away. In some cases, it is possible to cut the<br />

stem above the union, and still have a sizeable plant to root. This<br />

being the case, the remaining part left on the grafting stock usually<br />

offsets, and more plants can then be grown and cut off for<br />

rooting or re-grafting. Often, the stem of the grafting stock can be<br />

cut just below the base of the union of the graft, and this will then


to per impollinare i fiori della pianta che fiorisce più tardi.<br />

Affrancare gli innesti<br />

Q<br />

uando l’innesto ha raggiunto le dimensioni desiderate<br />

può essere tagliato dal portainnesto e fatto radicare.<br />

Spesso gli innesti, che risultano molto gonfi a causa<br />

del vigore del portainnesto, crescono ben oltre la zona di<br />

contatto fra le due piante, rendendo difficile l’operazione<br />

di taglio. In certi casi si può tagliare la pianta al di sopra<br />

della zona di unione e ottenere comunque un buon esemplare<br />

da far radicare. In questi casi di solito la parte dell’innesto<br />

che rimane produrrà diversi polloni che potranno<br />

essere a loro volta staccati e fatti radicare o innestati<br />

nuovamente. Spesso si può tagliare il portainnesto appena<br />

al di sotto della zona di unione con l’innesto facendolo<br />

poi radicare e rinvasando in modo che la piccola parte di<br />

portainnesto radicata non si veda. Dato però il diverso regime<br />

di innaffiature e il nuovo terriccio più povero, questo<br />

metodo può causare un problema noto come “marciume<br />

secco”, che incomincia nel portainnesto. Consiglio<br />

quindi di cercare in ogni modo di rimuovere tutto il portainnesto<br />

prima di far radicare la pianta. Il periodo migliore<br />

è dalla tarda primavera alla metà dell’estate. È importante<br />

lasciar formare un callo sulla parte tagliata per<br />

almeno 3 settimane in luogo asciutto e caldo ma in ombra.<br />

Solitamente spargo un po’ di polvere di Captan sul<br />

taglio per le sue proprietà fungicide. Vi sono molti prodotti<br />

utilizzabili, ma non Chinosol. Le piante vanno tenute<br />

dritte altrimenti le radici potrebbero spuntare dalla parte<br />

sbagliata. Queste piante disinnestate certamente non assomiglieranno<br />

a piante cresciute da seme, e neppure a<br />

quelle che si vedono in habitat. Comunque, dopo la seconda<br />

stagione passata su radici proprie, cambieranno<br />

aspetto adattandosi al nuovo ambiente di crescita, a seconda<br />

della quantità di luce solare che ricevono, della frequenza<br />

delle innaffiature e delle fertilizzazioni.<br />

Successo<br />

F<br />

ar radicare gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> è solitamente abbastanza<br />

facile con questi innesti, dato che vengono tagliati<br />

quando sono ben gonfi e vigorosi. Preparate i singoli vasi<br />

con lo stesso terriccio usato per le semine o con un altro<br />

eventualmente perfezionato da voi. Nella mia collezione<br />

gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> non tollerano la torba o terricci con componenti<br />

derivati dal legno. Inoltre poche specie potranno<br />

crescere bene in un composto ricco come quello usato per<br />

le piante innestate. Quando i vasetti sono pronti, appoggiate<br />

le piante da far radicare nella posizione desiderata<br />

sulla superficie del terriccio e interratele per un paio di<br />

centimetri. Bagnate e scuotete delicatamente il vasetto per<br />

far aderire il terriccio alla base della pianta mentre l’acqua<br />

in eccesso cola via. La forte luce e il calore della tarda<br />

primavera e della prima parte dell’estate sono fattori importanti<br />

per stimolare l’emissione di nuove radici. È necessario,<br />

però, che la luce sia filtrata, dato che il sole diretto<br />

potrebbe scottare la pianta. Bisogna dare lo stesso tipo<br />

di luce che le piante avevano quando erano innestate.<br />

Quando sono radicate, le piante possono essere gradualmente<br />

abituate a una luce più intensa che serve per favorire<br />

una crescita normale e ottenere esemplari il più possibile<br />

somiglianti a quelli che crescono in natura. Nella maggior<br />

parte dei casi ciò si può ottenere coltivando gli<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> in terriccio magro, con sporadiche fertilizzazioni<br />

e meno acqua di quanto si riterrebbe necessario. ❁<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

18<br />

root, and the plant can be set on top of the soil mix, without the<br />

extra portion of the grafting stock visible. However, these can eventually<br />

cause problems with the new method of growing the matured<br />

plant, because of less watering, and a soil mix which is not<br />

nearly as rich as the original compost used for the grafting stock.<br />

The problem is called “dry rot” and begins in the stub of the grafting<br />

stock. I recommend using “invention” to remove all of the<br />

grafting stock from the newly cut graft.<br />

The process of rooting newly cut grafts should be done in the late<br />

spring to mid summer. It is important to let these plants callous<br />

for about three weeks in a warm dry area, away from direct sunlight.<br />

I dust the newly cut surface with Captan, which is a powdered<br />

fungicide. There are other dusting compounds available,<br />

but do not use Chinosol. The plants should be set in an upright<br />

position, because roots may begin to grow, and this can happen<br />

through the side of the stem, which is facing down. These plants<br />

which are newly cut away from the graft, do not look like plants<br />

grown from seed on their own roots, and certainly not much like<br />

those seen in habitat. However, after the second season on their<br />

own roots, they will have changed to meet the environment where<br />

they are now cultivated, according to the amount of sunlight during<br />

the growing season, and whether they are being grown hard,<br />

or with frequent water and feeding cycles.<br />

Success<br />

Rooting <strong>Echinocereus</strong> is usually fairly easy with these grafts,<br />

because they were pumped up, and growing vigorously when<br />

the cut was made. Make up individual pots of a soil mix which is<br />

the same as the seedling<br />

mix, or something you<br />

may have invented or<br />

found out about, while<br />

waiting for the seedling<br />

grafts to achieve a desired<br />

size. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> will<br />

fail in my collection if<br />

grown in any peat-based<br />

mixes, or soils with wood<br />

material in them, and<br />

very few species will thrive<br />

E. (Wilcoxia) schmollii di 30 mesi/30<br />

months old E. (Wilcoxia) schmollii.<br />

on their own roots in the<br />

rich compost that was<br />

used for the grafting<br />

stock. When the mix is<br />

ready, sit the plant to be rooted in the desired position on top of the<br />

soil, and push it into the mix about one inch deep. Thoroughly<br />

soak the soil and lightly shake the pot to settle the mix around the<br />

base of the plant, as the excess water drains away.<br />

The strong heat and light of late spring and early to mid Summer<br />

are important to stimulate rooting in <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. Filtered light<br />

is important for this period of time, because direct sunlight will<br />

burn the plant. They need to have the same light as they were<br />

exposed to while developing on the graft. After rooting has taken<br />

place, the plants can be gradually exposed to stronger sunlight,<br />

which is needed to bring the plant into a more normal growth,<br />

and to eventually achieve as much as possible, in the area where it<br />

is being cultivated, a plant which looks like it does in habitat.<br />

In most cases, this can be realistically done, by growing <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

in a low nutrient soil, with less feeding and watering than<br />

one might think necessary. ❁


Patologie<br />

Helminthosporium<br />

cactivorum<br />

di Bill R. Beaston<br />

Fotografie dell’autore<br />

N el<br />

clima che caratterizza la zona dove vivo ci sono diverse<br />

patologie e parassiti che occorre tenere sotto<br />

controllo. I parassiti animali possono essere tenuti a bada<br />

con insetticidi. I più nocivi sono il ragnetto rosso e la cocciniglia<br />

cotonosa. Le forme fungine, comunque, sono le<br />

più difficili. Le perdite di semenzali possono essere causate<br />

da più tipi di fungo, ma per lo più sono da imputare a<br />

semenzali tenuti troppo umidi per troppo tempo dopo le<br />

prime settimane. Questo problema non è infrequente ed<br />

è connaturato alla coltivazione da seme in condizioni artificiali.<br />

Il fungo più devastante e difficile da combattere è<br />

però a mio giudizio Helminthosporium cactivorum(1). Questo<br />

particolare fungo sembra prediligere gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

ma può anche decimare una collezione di altri generi e,<br />

particolare interessante, più che altro le specie<br />

nordamericane e messicane. Ho provato a utilizzare diversi<br />

costosi fungicidi ma senza successo. Di recente è stato<br />

consigliato Iprodione che deve però essere applicato a intervalli<br />

regolari di 7-10 giorni, il che è quasi impossibile in<br />

una grande collezione. Ho risolto il problema a modo mio<br />

con successo sistemando tutti i vasetti in vassoi abbastanza<br />

profondi da consentire<br />

innaffiature per immersione.<br />

Si tratta di<br />

vassoi in grado di contenere<br />

diversi vasi rendendo<br />

così più veloci<br />

le innaffiature. I testi<br />

consigliano frequenti<br />

nebulizzazioni che io<br />

invece evito. Ho infatti<br />

notato che si trovano<br />

spore dei funghi<br />

sugli apici vegetativi e<br />

sui fiori degli Echinoce-<br />

reus, che germinano a<br />

temperature attorno<br />

ai 22 °C. Le spore di<br />

E. pulchellus con inizio di infezione/<br />

with an initiation of stem damage.<br />

Helminthosporium germinano rapidamente e penetrano con<br />

facilità nei tessuti morbidi. Se innaffio dall’alto con le piante<br />

in fiore sono certo di perdere delle piante. Nella mia<br />

zona Helminthosporium è attivo solo dalla metà della primavera<br />

a fine estate. Ora nebulizzo solo due volte all’anno,<br />

giusto per togliere la polvere dalle piante e solo a fioritura<br />

ultimata.<br />

Il controllo di Helminthosporium è risultato più facile nella<br />

mia collezione grazie a questi accorgimenti e a condizioni<br />

di coltivazione “dure”. Le piante sono oltretutto più simili<br />

a quelle in habitat e le fioriture sono solo un po’ meno<br />

abbondanti. Per ovviare a questo inconveniente basta aumentare<br />

il numero delle piante nella collezione, anche se<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

19<br />

Pest control<br />

Helminthosporium<br />

cactivorum<br />

by Bill R. Beaston<br />

Photographs courtesy of the author<br />

In the climatic conditions of the area where I live, there are several<br />

diseases and pests which have to be controlled. The animal forms<br />

can be managed with pesticides. The most detrimental are spider<br />

mites and mealy-bugs. The fungal forms, however, are the most<br />

difficult to manage.<br />

Losses in seedling batches can come from several species of fungi,<br />

but this is mostly because the seedlings are kept too damp for too<br />

long, after the first few weeks. This problem is to be expected, and<br />

is part of the situation encountered when growing cacti from seed<br />

in an artificial environment. What has been very difficult for me,<br />

is to manage the most devastating fungus, Helminthosporium<br />

cactivorum(1). This particular fungus seems to prefer the <strong>Echinocereus</strong>,<br />

but will also devastate a collection of several other genera,<br />

and interestingly, mostly the North American species, which<br />

includes Mexican forms. I have tried several very expensive<br />

fungicides, without much success. Recently, a new one was<br />

recommended, Iprodione, but it needs to be applied at regular<br />

intervals of 7 to 10 days. This is nearly impossible for a large<br />

collection.<br />

The method I have resolved my situation to, for the most success, is<br />

to have all potted plants placed in a permanent tray, deep enough<br />

to water the plants from the bottom up. These holding trays are<br />

large enough to accommodate several pots, making watering easier.<br />

Popular literature recommends frequent overhead spraying. I do<br />

not, because I have found that the damp surface of the tender<br />

growing tip of <strong>Echinocereus</strong>, and the flowers, will have spores<br />

on them which germinate when the average temperature is around<br />

70 F. The spores of Helminthosporium germinate rapidly, and<br />

then penetrate the tender tissues easily. I can count on losses in my<br />

collection if I water overhead, when the plants are in flower.<br />

Helminthosporium is only active during the mid spring through<br />

summer in my area. I now only overhead spray about twice a year,<br />

just to clean the dust off the plants, and then only after flowering<br />

is over.<br />

Managing Helminthosporium in my collection, has become<br />

much easier by watering the plants less, even from below, and<br />

growing them by the method known as ‘hard’. I find this method<br />

produces plants that look more like they should in the habitat, and<br />

flowering still occurs although there may be fewer flowers per plant.<br />

To solve this, and to have backup plants as well, just increase the<br />

numbers of species and varieties. This may be a problem if space is<br />

limited and you want to have all species and varieties represented<br />

in your collection.<br />

The alternative is to be prepared to replace a lost plant by starting<br />

with seeds you have stored. I have found some <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

seeds will still be viable at 10 years of age, but this is rare, and they<br />

have to be stored properly. This can be done using paper packets,<br />

placed in a cardboard box and stored in your house, somewhere<br />

where there will be little humidity.<br />

I do not store seeds in the refrigerator, because I have found no<br />

advantage in this method, which actually requires procedures to


ciò può essere problematico se si vogliono avere rappresentate<br />

tutte le specie e varietà. L’alternativa è di essere<br />

preparati a dover sostituire le piante perse mediante nuove<br />

semine. Sia pure raramente, i semi di <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sono<br />

a volte ancora vitali dopo 10 anni purché conservati in<br />

modo ottimale. Occorre infatti metterli in bustine di carta<br />

a loro volta tenute in una scatola di cartone in un luogo<br />

privo di umidità. Io non li tengo in frigorifero perché non<br />

ho rilevato particolari vantaggi, e comunque questo metodo<br />

richiede misure preventive contro l’umidità. Tenete<br />

sempre dei semi di scorta e rimpiazzateli dopo 3-5 anni. In<br />

questo modo potrete sempre far fronte a eventuali perdite.<br />

(1) Durbin R. D. et al., “A Helminthosporium Stem Rot of<br />

<strong>Cacti</strong>”, The Cactus and Succulent Journal of the Cactus and<br />

Succulent Society of America, vol. XXVIII, Jan.-Feb.1956. ❁<br />

Alcune osservazioni sugli<br />

Ibridi di<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

di Bill R. Beaston<br />

Fotografie dell’autore<br />

I collezionisti<br />

specializzati tendono a raccogliere piante<br />

con dati di località, e alcuni di essi sono anche propen-<br />

si a creare degli ibridi utilizzando il materiale presente nelle<br />

loro collezioni. Ciò non significa però mettere avventatamente<br />

in circolazione semi o semenzali ibridi con i dati di<br />

una sola delle piante genitrici. Al contrario, è importante<br />

conservare ogni informazione sull’origine delle piante<br />

esenti da contaminazioni genetiche. Nel panorama politico<br />

internazionale odierno molti <strong>Echinocereus</strong> non sono più<br />

raccoglibili in habitat e quindi le piante presenti nelle<br />

nostre collezioni sono di inestimabile<br />

valore documentario. Sfortunatamente<br />

vi sono in circolazione molti <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

spacciati per specie con dati<br />

certi di località, ma in realtà tutt’altro<br />

che tali. Ciò accade quando vengono<br />

commessi errori nella produzione di<br />

semi all’interno di una data collezione,<br />

sia tramite impollinazione manuale<br />

sia lasciando le piante esposte all’azione<br />

di insetti impollinatori. I semi<br />

così ottenuti entrano in circolazione<br />

e, se ciò si verifica nel circuito commerciale,<br />

l’errore viene perpetuato da<br />

quanti producono nuove piante dai<br />

semi acquistati.<br />

Gli <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sono autosterili. Ciò<br />

significa che sono necessarie almeno<br />

due diverse piante per produrre semi.<br />

Nell’ambito di una collezione, l’impollinazione avviene<br />

trasferendo il polline da una pianta all’altra. L’uso di un<br />

pennellino non è consigliabile dato che, con un utilizzo<br />

reiterato, fra le setole potrebbe restare un po’ di polline<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

E. (Wilcoxia) schmollii x E. scheeri var.<br />

koehresianus.<br />

20<br />

protect seeds from damp conditions. Replace your replacement seeds<br />

about every 3 to 5 years, and you can keep up a complete collection,<br />

if losses occur. ❁<br />

Some observations on<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

hybrids<br />

by Bill R. Beaston<br />

Photographs courtesy of the author<br />

While any specialized collector keeps plants with field data, or<br />

a pedigree, some of us have the attitude of hybridizing from<br />

within our collection. This does not mean that it is OK to be haphazard,<br />

and allow hybrid seeds or seedling plants to go into circulation<br />

with the field data of only one of the parents! On the contrary,<br />

it is important to keep a reference collection of plants with<br />

field data completely pure of genetic contamination. In today’s<br />

climate of political interactions between various countries, many<br />

of the <strong>Echinocereus</strong> are no longer available for field collection,<br />

and the plants we have in our collections are invaluable assets for<br />

future growers. There is, regrettably, a lot of genetically contaminated<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> in circulation, being passed off as plants or<br />

seeds with valid field data. This happens when individual growers<br />

make mistakes in seed production from their collections, during<br />

cross pollination, or allow plants to be exposed to pollinator<br />

insects. This seed then gets into the trade, and if this is through a<br />

seed company, the problem is compounded by those who grow plants<br />

from seed, and then continue the cycle.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> are not self-compatible, that is, they need another<br />

plant’s pollen in order to set seed. In a closed collection this is done<br />

by means of some method of transferring pollen from one plant to<br />

another. Using an artist’s brush is not to be recommended, as the<br />

brush is intended to be used repeatedly, and may not be clean of<br />

pollen from another species or even another<br />

variety. The method I prefer is to use a<br />

metal forceps or tweezers to grasp small<br />

bundles of stamens with pollen on the tips,<br />

and pull it from the donor plant and then<br />

transfer to the stigma of another plant (not<br />

a clone, but a separate plant!). These metal<br />

tweezers can easily be cleaned before using<br />

them again. (Of course, it is assumed here<br />

that the individual doing this is familiar<br />

with the anatomy of the flower.)<br />

It is helpful to know that <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

pollen can be stored for a few days and<br />

then be used for pollinating a plant that<br />

flowers later. Short term pollen storage is<br />

done by collecting the bundles of stamens<br />

from a flower, and placing them in an<br />

open, dry container, at room temperature,<br />

away from direct sunlight.<br />

Another observation, stemming from the experience of many of us,<br />

is that some of the <strong>Echinocereus</strong> are dioeceous, that is, there are<br />

what are considered as separate male and female plants. Dioecy is<br />

most often encountered in the E. triglochidiatus, coccineus,


di altre specie o varietà. Il metodo che preferisco consiste<br />

nell’utilizzare delle pinzette di metallo con cui prelevare<br />

gli stami da un fiore e, con questi, trasferire il polline sullo<br />

stigma di un’altra pianta (non una propagazione vegetativa,<br />

ma un altro clone!). Le pinzette possono essere pulite<br />

facilmente prima di usarle ancora. Naturalmente si dà per<br />

scontata una certa<br />

familiarità con<br />

l’anatomia dei fiori.<br />

È utile sapere che<br />

il polline di <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

può essere<br />

conservato per<br />

alcuni giorni e<br />

usato successivamente<br />

su una<br />

pianta che fiorisce<br />

più tardi. Basta<br />

raccogliere gli<br />

stami da un fiore<br />

e collocarli in un<br />

contenitore pulito,<br />

asciutto e aperto,<br />

all’ombra e a<br />

temperatura ambiente.<br />

Diverse specie di<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sono<br />

dioiche, presentano<br />

cioè piante<br />

maschili e piante femminili. Ciò si riscontra prevalentemente<br />

nei complessi di E. triglochidiatus, E. coccineus, E.<br />

polyacanthus ed E. scheeri. Quando la produzione di semi di<br />

queste piante risulta lenta o addirittura impossile, è probabile<br />

che le piante utilizzate siano dello stesso sesso. In<br />

questi casi è preferibile avere almeno sei piante dioiche<br />

per aumentare le probabilità di ottenere semi. Quando si<br />

sospetta che una pianta sia dioica, può essere utile osservare<br />

le caratteristiche del fiore.<br />

Ho notato che le piante che portano fiori completi sono<br />

maschili, mentre quelle con fiori privi di polline sulla sommità<br />

degli stami sono femminili. Queste ultime sono quelle<br />

che svilupperanno i frutti.<br />

La prima cosa da fare, quando si vuole ottenere un ibrido,<br />

consiste quindi nello scegliere la giusta pianta femminile.<br />

Consiglio quelle con il tubo florale più corto poiché, da<br />

ripetute osservazioni, sembra che il polline di una pianta<br />

di questo tipo non possa impollinare l’ovario di una pianta<br />

con tubo florale più lungo. Una mia esperienza in questo<br />

senso riguarda l’incrocio di E. fendleri var. kuenzleri con<br />

una forma standard di E. viridiflorus. Dopo un’impollinazione<br />

incrociata, solo E. viridiflorus ha prodotto semi. C’è<br />

una grande differenza nelle dimensioni dei fiori di queste<br />

due specie.<br />

Scopo principale dell’ibridazione è di produrre cultivar o<br />

piante particolarmente attraenti. Un altro motivo plausibile<br />

poteva essere la verifica delle relazioni esistenti fra due<br />

taxa. Tuttavia questa pratica non è più considerata valida<br />

in quanto si è scoperto nel corso degli anni che nelle cactacee<br />

si possono verificare ibridazioni intergeneriche. D’altra<br />

parte, non tutte le specie ibridano, e neppure tutti i<br />

taxa considerati varietà di singole specie nell’ambito di un<br />

dato genere. Ciò è vero anche per il genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />

Esperienze condotte sul lungo periodo hanno fornito validi<br />

elementi per supporre che ciascuna specie di Echinoce-<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

E. papillosus x E. pamanesiorum.<br />

21<br />

polyacanthus, and scheeri complexes. When you find that seed<br />

production within this group is low, or even impossible, then it is<br />

likely that the plants you have are of the same sex. When cultivating<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> with the intent to produce seed, it is best to<br />

have at least six of the dioeceous forms to increase the odds for seed<br />

production. When dioecy is suspected, the observation I have made<br />

is that the plants<br />

bearing complete<br />

flowers are the male<br />

plants, while those<br />

which have stamens<br />

without bundles<br />

of pollen on the<br />

tips are female,<br />

and these seem to be<br />

the only ones that<br />

will develop fruit.<br />

Thus, in the first<br />

attempts at hybridizing<br />

any of the<br />

cacti, it is important<br />

to choose the<br />

right plant to be the<br />

female. I recommend<br />

the one with<br />

the shorter floral<br />

tube in any given<br />

selection made.<br />

This is because it<br />

seems (out of repeated<br />

experiences) that the pollen from a plant with a short floral<br />

tube is unable to develop a connection from the stigma to the ovary<br />

in the flower of a form with a longer floral tube.<br />

An example I have observed, is in crossing E. fendleri var. kuenzleri<br />

with a standard form of E. viridiflorus. I transferred<br />

pollen between both plants, but only the E. viridiflorus set seed.<br />

There is an immense<br />

difference<br />

between the flower<br />

sizes of these two<br />

forms.<br />

The purpose of<br />

hybridization is<br />

mainly to produce<br />

cultivars, or<br />

plants with combined<br />

features<br />

that are attractive.Hybridization<br />

could also be<br />

used in principle<br />

to determine if<br />

E. viridiflorus x E. fendleri var. kuenzleri.<br />

various forms are<br />

related to each<br />

other. However,<br />

this is no longer<br />

considered as valid, because over the years, it has been discovered<br />

by many growers, that intergeneric hybrids can occur within the<br />

Cactaceae.<br />

On the other hand, not all species and even some taxa that are<br />

thought to be varieties of a single species, within a given genus,<br />

will hybridize. This is true in the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. Longterm<br />

experience provides evidence for conjecturing that any given<br />

species of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> will hybridize with at least another form<br />

in the genus. (Note that this includes the most outside species, E.


eus possa ibridare con almeno un’altra forma nell’ambito<br />

dello stesso genere. Ciò vale anche per E. pensilis, che ibrida<br />

con i taxa del complesso E. scheeri. Non so dire invece se<br />

ciò si verifichi con altri taxa di <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />

Gli ibridi più contrastanti<br />

sono quelli<br />

con caratteri marcatamente<br />

diversi,<br />

come quelli fra specie<br />

del sottogenere<br />

Wilcoxia ed E. pectinatus<br />

o altri Echinocerei<br />

di forma globosa.<br />

Questi incroci di<br />

solito non producono<br />

piante con<br />

una equa combinazione<br />

di caratteristi-<br />

che. Un ibrido fra<br />

Wilcoxia schmollii ed<br />

E. scheeri var. koehresianus<br />

produce una<br />

pianta che assomiglia a<br />

una nuova forma di<br />

Wilcoxia, con fusto sottile<br />

e allungato coperto<br />

di spine sottili e fitte,<br />

e con un fiore che<br />

combina le caratteristiche<br />

di entrambe le<br />

piante genitrici.<br />

Un ibrido fra E. papillosus<br />

ed E. pamanesiorum<br />

dà invece una<br />

pianta che ricorda maggiormente<br />

E. papillosus,<br />

ma con un fiore color salmone<br />

pallido.<br />

Un ibrido fra E. viridiflorus ed E. fendleri var.<br />

kuenzleri produce una pianta il cui fusto è una<br />

combinazione abbastanza equilibrata di caratteri,<br />

sia nelle dimensioni che nelle spine.<br />

Questo ibrido ha un fiore decisamente peculiare,<br />

di circa 2,5 cm sia in diametro che in<br />

altezza e di un colore rosso ocra.<br />

Un ibrido fra E. palmeri ed E. triglochidiatus<br />

produce una pianta con caratteri più simili<br />

a quelli di E. palmeri ma con un fiore<br />

a dominanza rossa e con una sfumatura<br />

blu. Questa sfumatura si riscontra in diversi<br />

ibridi fra taxa appartenenti ai gruppi<br />

di E. triglochidiatus, E. coccineus, E.<br />

polyacanthus ed E. scheeri, e taxa al di fuori<br />

di questi complessi, che hanno<br />

pigmentazioni diverse (non nel gruppo<br />

delle betacianine) e producono fiori che<br />

vanno dal magenta al rosa.<br />

Per quanto la mia esperienza nella produzione<br />

di ibridi sia limitata, mi sembra<br />

chiaro che le possibilità sono innumerevoli.<br />

Una delle limitazioni è lo spazio disponibile e, ancora<br />

una volta, la cosa più importante è mantenere comunque<br />

una collezione con taxa sicuramente documentati, come<br />

riferimento per gli altri collezionisti. ❁<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

22<br />

pensilis, which will hybridize within the E. scheeri complex. It<br />

is unknown to this author, if E. pensilis will hybridize with any<br />

other <strong>Echinocereus</strong> forms.)<br />

Some of the most contrasting hybrids are those with completely<br />

different characters,<br />

such as hybrids between<br />

Wilcoxias<br />

and E. pectinatus<br />

or other globular<br />

stemmed forms. This<br />

combination usually<br />

does not produce a<br />

plant with equal combination<br />

of stem characteristics.<br />

A hybrid of Wilcoxia<br />

schmollii<br />

and E. scheeri var.<br />

E. palmeri x E. triglochidiatus. E. pectinatus var. wenigeri x<br />

E. coccineus.<br />

E. primolanatus x E. engelmannii. E. stoloniferus x E. pseudopectinatus.<br />

E. salm-dyckianus x E. dasyacanthus.<br />

koehresianus produces<br />

a plant that<br />

looks like a new form<br />

of Wilcoxia, having<br />

a long slender stem, covered<br />

in dense, short, fine<br />

spines, and having a<br />

flower that combines the<br />

floral characters of both<br />

parents equally.<br />

A hybrid between E.<br />

papillosus and E. pamanesiorum<br />

produces<br />

a plant with much of the<br />

characters of E. papillosus,<br />

but with a flower<br />

which is a light salmonpink.<br />

A hybrid between E. viridiflorus<br />

and E. fendleri var. kuenzleri<br />

produces a plant which has a stem with an<br />

almost equal combination of characters, both<br />

in stem size, and in the spines. This hybrid<br />

has a unique flower, about one inch across<br />

and one inch in height, with colour of a somewhat<br />

ochre red.<br />

A hybrid between E. palmeri and E. triglochidiatus<br />

produces a plant which has<br />

characters more in common with E.<br />

palmeri, but the main flower colour is red<br />

with a hint of a blue highlight. This blue<br />

highlight occurs in several hybrids between<br />

taxa from the E. triglochidiatus, coccineus,<br />

polyacanthus, and scheeri<br />

groups, and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> taxa outside<br />

of these complexes, which have different floral<br />

pigments (not in the betacyanin group),<br />

and produce flowers that are magenta to<br />

pink.<br />

The experience of this author, in hybridization<br />

within the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>,<br />

is limited, but it is apparent that there are<br />

numerous possibilities.<br />

Space is one of the limitations, and once again, the most important<br />

factor is to keep a pure collection as a reference source for<br />

others. ❁


Introduzione<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> Index<br />

H<br />

o incominciato a interessarmi del genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

negli anni ’50 quando trovai delle piante di E.<br />

fendleri ed E. coccineus mentre camminavo tra le colline e le<br />

montagne intorno a Las Cruces nel New Mexico. Il mio<br />

interesse fu ulteriormente stimolato dal libro del dottor<br />

Benson, The <strong>Cacti</strong> of Arizona, dai 4 volumi della monografia<br />

di Britton e Rose, The Cactaceae, dal Cactus and Succulent<br />

Journal e dai cataloghi di Gates Cactus Garden. Il primo<br />

problema che notai nei miei studi sul genere fu la confusa<br />

moltitudine di nomi. Incominciai a compilare l’<strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

Index nei primi anni ’60 con l’intento di preparare<br />

una lista di tutti i nomi delle specie, sottospecie, varietà e<br />

forme del genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. La monografia di Britton e<br />

Rose fu un buon punto di partenza a cui si aggiunsero i<br />

nomi reperiti nell’Index Kewensis e nel catalogo del Gray<br />

Herbarium. Nel corso degli anni successivi ho consultato<br />

molte altre fonti e ho rivisto l’Index molte volte. All’inizio<br />

del 1996 l’Index fu trascritto in un file di computer che fu<br />

fatto circolare ampiamente attraverso Internet e, alla fine<br />

dello stesso anno, fu inserito da Andreas e Martina Ohr<br />

nella loro <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Homepage. Da allora, grazie al contributo<br />

di molti appassionati, l’Index è stato aggiornato e<br />

corretto. Indubbiamente vi sono ancora errori e omissioni<br />

nonostante il considerevole sforzo fatto per eliminarne<br />

il maggior numero possibile. In alcuni pochi casi le fonti<br />

originali non sono state disponibili per verificare l’accuratezza<br />

delle voci. Queste sono state evidenziate nella<br />

bibliografia con un asterisco. La <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Homepage sarà<br />

continuamente aggiornata in futuro con correzioni e aggiunte.<br />

Sebbene il genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sia stato descritto dal dottor<br />

George Engelmann soltanto nel 1848, la prima specie fu<br />

descritta da Augustin de Candolle nel 1828 grazie a esemplari<br />

raccolti da Thomas Coulter nel Messico centrale. Si<br />

trattava di Cereus pentalophus e C. cinerascens. Altre specie<br />

furono descritte come Echinocactus o Echinopsis. Su suggerimento<br />

del Principe Salm-Dyck, Engelmann (1849) ridusse<br />

il genere al rango di sottogenere sotto Cereus. Labouret<br />

(1853) e Coulter (1896) seguirono Engellman nel collocare<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> all’interno del genere Cereus, ma Lemaire<br />

(1868) e Britton e Rose (1922) mantennero <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

come genere a sé stante. Gran parte delle trattazioni<br />

tassonomiche moderne accettano questa tesi. Taylor<br />

(1985b) ha aggiunto al genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong> anche le specie<br />

prima classificate come Wilcoxia e nell’Index ho tenuto<br />

conto di ciò.<br />

Nella realizzazione dell’Index molte persone hanno prestato<br />

il loro aiuto. Alcuni di coloro che hanno incoraggiato<br />

i miei sforzi iniziali, come il dottor Edward Castetter,<br />

Dudley Gold, Dale Morrical e il dottor Lyman Benson, non<br />

sono più fra noi ma senza il loro contributo il progetto<br />

preparato da / prepared by<br />

Terry L. Corbett<br />

23<br />

Introduction<br />

I became<br />

interested in the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong> in the<br />

1950s when I came upon plants of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri<br />

and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus while hiking in the hills and<br />

mountains about Las Cruces, New Mexico. My interest was further<br />

stimulated by Dr. Benson’s book, The <strong>Cacti</strong> of Arizona, Britton<br />

and Rose’s 4 voll. monograph The Cactaceae, the Cactus and<br />

Succulent Journal and the catalogues of Gates Cactus Garden.<br />

The first problem I noticed in my study of the genus was the<br />

confusing plethora of names. I began the <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Index<br />

in the early 1960s as an effort to produce a list of all the names of<br />

species, subspecies, varieties and forms of the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />

Britton and Rose’s monograph provided a starting point, to<br />

which were added names from the Index Kewensis and the Gray<br />

Herbarium Card Catalogue.<br />

Over the intervening years many other sources have been consulted<br />

and the Index revised several times. Early in 1996 the Index<br />

was transferred to a computerized file. This file has been circulated<br />

to many people through the Internet, and late in 1996 the file was<br />

added by Martina and Andreas Ohr to their <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

Homepage.<br />

Since then, through the response of many <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

enthusiasts, the Index has been updated and corrected.<br />

Undoubtedly there are still errors and omissions in the Index<br />

despite considerable effort to eliminate as many of these as possible.<br />

In a few cases the original sources have not been available to check<br />

the accuracy of the entry. These have been marked in the<br />

bibliography with an asterisk. The <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Homepage<br />

file will continue to be updated with future corrections and<br />

additions.<br />

Although the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong> was not described by Dr. George<br />

Engelmann until 1848, the first species which belong to the genus<br />

were described by Augustin de Candolle in 1828 from collections<br />

made by Thomas Coulter in central Mexico. These were Cereus<br />

pentalophus and Cereus cinerascens. Other species were<br />

described as Echinocactus or Echinopsis.<br />

At the suggestion of Prince Salm-Dyck, Engelmann (1849) reduced<br />

the genus to the rank of subgenus under Cereus. Labouret (1853)<br />

and Coulter (1896) followed Engelmann in placing <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

in the genus Cereus, but Lemaire (1868), Rümpler (1885),<br />

Schumann (1897), and Britton and Rose (1922) all kept <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

as a separate genus. Most modern taxonomic treatments<br />

also keep <strong>Echinocereus</strong> as a separate genus. Taylor (1985b)<br />

added those plants formerly classed as Wilcoxia to <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

and the Index has been revised to reflect this addition.<br />

Many people have been helpful in creating this Index. Some of<br />

those who encouraged my early efforts such as Dr. Edward Castetter,<br />

Dudley Gold, Dale Morrical and Dr. Lyman Benson, are no longer<br />

with us, but without their help the Index project would have been<br />

abandoned many years ago.<br />

Recently I have had the assistance of many people via the <strong>Cacti</strong>_etc<br />

e-mail list, in particular Lino Di Martino, Andreas and Martina


sarebbe stato abbandonato molti anni fa. Più recentemente<br />

ho ricevuto assistenza da molte persone attraverso la<br />

lista di discussione <strong>Cacti</strong>_etc, in particolare Lino Di Martino,<br />

Andreas e Martina Ohr, Billie Beaston, Bill LaHaye, Duke<br />

Benadom, Michel Lange e Mats Hjertson.<br />

L’Index, da semplice elenco di nomi quale era, ora include<br />

i nomi degli autori e i luoghi di pubblicazione per ciascuna<br />

voce e informazioni sulla località tipo e sul campione<br />

tipo. Il basionimo e la lista dei sinonimi (basati sul campione<br />

tipo o designati dagli autori come sinonimi, o contenenti<br />

il basionimo) sono stati aggiunti di modo che l’Index<br />

può essere utilizzato come una guida ai diversi nomi che<br />

sono stati adottati per designare le piante nel genere. Informazioni<br />

riguardanti altre possibili sinonimie basate su<br />

interpretazioni tassonomiche sono contenute nelle note<br />

che seguono ciascuna voce. L’applicazione dei sinonimi<br />

tassonomici è soggetta a interpretazioni diverse a seconda<br />

dei botanici. L’Index deve essere inteso come una guida ai<br />

diversi nomi presenti nel genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong> a beneficio<br />

dell’appassionato e non come una trattazione tassonomica<br />

del genere. Non ho indicato alcuna preferenza per i<br />

diversi sistemi di classificazione che sono stati proposti. I<br />

nomi che non sono conformi agli standard della nomenclatura<br />

botanica o sono esclusi dal genere, sono stati contrassegnati<br />

da asterischi (vedi oltre). Spero che questo Index<br />

possa risultare utile a coloro che sono interessati allo studio,<br />

alla propagazione e alla conservazione di queste piante<br />

meravigliose.<br />

Istruzioni per l’uso<br />

L<br />

’Index è realizzato in ordine alfabetico per specie,<br />

quindi per ranghi sottospecifici e quindi per dati. L’ordine<br />

dei dati è genere, specie, sottospecie, varietà, forma,<br />

(autore di basionimo se diverso) autore, data di pubblicazione:<br />

pagina. Basionimo. TL: (Località tipo), raccoglitore<br />

e tipo se noto, data di raccolta. L’abbreviazione dell’erbario<br />

dove è depositato il campione tipo e il numero di<br />

campione sono fra parentesi tonde. Il simbolo (?) indica<br />

che non è certo che vi sia un campione esistente. La citazione<br />

completa del lavoro in cui il nome è stato pubblicato<br />

può essere trovata cercando sotto il nome dell’autore e<br />

la data nella bibliografia; per es. Taylor 1985b:120 indica<br />

pagina 120 di The Genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. Un asterisco prima<br />

del nome generico indica che la pianta appartiene a un<br />

altro genere. Un asterisco dopo altri nomi indica che il<br />

nome è invalido o illegittimo. I nomi in neretto sono le<br />

voci primarie dell’Index e sono seguite dalle informazioni<br />

sul basionimo e altri dati di pubblicazione. Per informazioni<br />

complete sui nomi che non sono voci primarie, occorre<br />

cercare sotto il nome che segue la voce see (vedi).<br />

Nei casi in cui il nome primario nell’Index non è basionimo,<br />

il basionimo è riportato sotto la voce in neretto. Si è seguito<br />

il rango utilizzato dall’autore originale per determinare<br />

le voci primarie dell’Index. Nei casi in cui l’autore originale<br />

ha elevato il rango di una pianta, viene accolto il rango<br />

più alto. Ciò è da intendersi solo come riferimento e<br />

non indica alcuna preferenza riguardo la classificazione<br />

della pianta. I nomi che non sono mai stati pubblicati nel<br />

genere <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sono elencati con il nome del genere<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

24<br />

Ohr, Billie Beaston, Bill LaHaye, Duke Benadom, Michael Lange,<br />

and Mats Hjertson.<br />

The Index has been expanded from just a list of names so that it<br />

now includes the author and place of publication for each name<br />

and information on the type locality and type specimen. The<br />

basionym and a list of synonyms (either based on the type specimen,<br />

or designated by their author as synonyms, or containing the<br />

basionym) have been added so that the Index can be used as an<br />

organized guide to the many names which have been applied to<br />

the plants in this genus. Information relating to other possible<br />

synonyms based on taxonomic interpretations are contained in<br />

notes at the end of each entry.<br />

The application of taxonomic synonyms is subject to different<br />

interpretation by different botanists. The Index is intended to be<br />

a guide to the different names in this genus for <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

enthusiasts and not a taxonomic treatment of the genus. I have<br />

not indicated any preference for any of the different taxonomic<br />

systems that have been proposed. Names that do not conform to the<br />

standards of botanical nomenclature or are excluded from the genus<br />

have been marked with asterisk (see below). I hope this Index will<br />

be of help to everyone interested in the study, propagation, and<br />

preservation of these marvelous plants.<br />

Instructions for use<br />

T he<br />

Index is alphabetical by species, then subspecific ranks,<br />

then date. The order of the data is Genus, species, subspecies/<br />

varietas/forma, (basionym author if different) Author, date<br />

published: page. Basionym. TL: (Type locality), collector and type<br />

if known, date collected. The abbreviation of the herbarium where<br />

the type specimen is deposited and the specimen number are<br />

surrounded by round brackets. The symbol (?) indicates that it is<br />

uncertain if a type specimen was preserved.<br />

The full citation of the work in which the name was published can<br />

be found by checking under the author’s name and date in the<br />

bibliography, i.e. Taylor 1985b:120 is page 120 of The Genus<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong>. An asterisk before the genus name means the plant<br />

properly belongs to another genus. An asterisk after other names<br />

means the name is invalid or illegitimate. Names in bold are<br />

primary Index names and are followed by information about the<br />

basionym and other publication data.<br />

For full information on names that are not primary Index names,<br />

please check under the name which follows the word “see”. Please<br />

note that in those cases where the primary Index name is not the<br />

basionym, the basionym is under the bold-faced primary Index<br />

name.<br />

For the purpose of this Index the rank used by the original author<br />

has been followed in determining the primary Index name. In<br />

those cases where the original author raised the rank of the plant,<br />

the higher rank is followed in determining the primary Index<br />

name. This is for reference purposes only and does not indicate<br />

any preference in regard to the proper placement of any plant.<br />

Names that have never been published under the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

are listed with the name of the genus that was used in the<br />

basionym. Autonyms (such as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. acifer)<br />

are not listed. To find <strong>Echinocereus</strong> xxx var. xxx fa. yyy look<br />

under <strong>Echinocereus</strong> xxx fa. yyy. Synonyms are listed<br />

chronologically.<br />

While this edition of the Index was in press, new names and<br />

recombinations became available, from the new monography Echi


usato nel basionimo. Gli autonimi (come <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer<br />

var. acifer) non sono elencati. Per trovare <strong>Echinocereus</strong> xxx<br />

var. xxx fa. yyy, occorre cercare sotto <strong>Echinocereus</strong> xxx fa. yyy.<br />

I sinonimi sono elencati cronologicamente.<br />

Mentre questa edizione dell’Index era in stampa, sono apparsi<br />

nuovi nomi e nuove combinazioni, in particolare nella<br />

monografia <strong>Echinocereus</strong> di Blum, Lange, Rischer e Rutow,<br />

la cui pubblicazione è prevista per la primavera 1998 in<br />

Germania. Questi nomi sono elencati come addenda alla<br />

fine dell’Index. Il simbolo (•) aggiunto a una voce<br />

dell’Index suggerisce al lettore di consultare gli Addenda<br />

per ulteriori sinonimi. ❁<br />

Le illustrazioni<br />

I<br />

n questo fascicolo speciale di Cactus & Co., l’<strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

Index è arricchito da una documentazione fotografica.<br />

Abbiamo deciso di limitarci (con alcune poche eccezioni)<br />

ai nomi primari per i quali l’identificazione del<br />

taxon è ragionevolmente certa. Ciò ha portato all’esclusione<br />

di molti vecchi nomi. Abbiamo cercato di fornire<br />

una documentazione fotografica il più completa possibile.<br />

Speriamo che i lettori possano trovare utile il nostro<br />

lavoro per l’identificazione e la comparazione e trarre diletto<br />

dalle numerose immagini di splendide piante. Diverse<br />

persone hanno generosamente contribuito mettendo a<br />

disposizione le loro fotografie e fornendo innumerevoli<br />

suggerimenti e commenti. In particolare desideriamo esprimere<br />

la nostra gratitudine a Bill Beaston, Duke Benadom,<br />

Leonardo Gavazzi, Bill LaHaye, Michel Lange, Woody<br />

Minnich, Martina e Andreas Ohr, Steve Plath. Nella sezione<br />

dedicata all’iconografia sono comunque fornite tutte<br />

le indicazioni sugli autori delle foto. Occorre notare che<br />

nelle didascalie che accompagnano ciascuna foto, il primo<br />

nome è una voce primaria riportata nell’Index (in neretto)<br />

o un altro nome presente nell’Index. Quando c’è, il<br />

secondo nome (fra parentesi tonde) indica il sinonimo<br />

tassonomico secondo la trattazione di N. P. Taylor (sono<br />

stati esaminati: Taylor 1985b, 1988, 1989 e 1993). Ciò è<br />

stato fatto a beneficio del lettore e non implica necessariamente<br />

l’accettazione della classificazione proposta da<br />

Taylor. Infine, per qualsiasi errore, sfortunatamente sempre<br />

possibile, la responsabilità è unicamente del curatore.<br />

(L. Di Martino) ❁<br />

La pianta qui riprodotta sembrerebbe una forma di E.<br />

chloranthus. Tuttavia presenta fiori molto più grandi di<br />

quelli tipici della specie (con petali lunghi circa 5 cm).<br />

È stata raccolta da Woody Minnich presso la stazione<br />

microonde di Conejos, al confine fra gli stati messicani<br />

di Chihuahua e Durango.<br />

The plant reproduced here looks like a form of E . chloranthus.<br />

However, it has strikingly large flowers (petals up to 2"<br />

long) for that species. It was collected by Woody Minnich, near<br />

Conejos Microwave Station , at the border between Chihuahua<br />

and Durango, Mexico.<br />

(Foto e commento/Photo and comment: W. S. LaHaye)<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

25<br />

nocereus by Blum, Lange, Rischer & Rutow, to be published in<br />

Germany in Spring 1998. These are fully listed as addenda at the<br />

end of the Index. The symbol (•) under an Index name addresses<br />

the reader to the Addenda section for further synonyms. ❁<br />

On iconography<br />

In this <strong>Special</strong> <strong>Issue</strong> of Cactus & Co. the <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

Index is supplemented by photographic documentation. We<br />

chose to restrict ourselves (with only few exceptions) to primary<br />

Index names, for which the identification of the taxon involved<br />

was reasonably certain. This excluded several old names. Subject<br />

to this condition, we tried to make the iconographic supplement as<br />

comprehensive as possible.<br />

We hope that the readers will find our work useful for identifications<br />

and comparisons, and will have fun looking at the plethora of<br />

beautiful <strong>Echinocereus</strong> forms.<br />

Several people have generously contributed with their slides, and<br />

innumerable tips and comments. In particular, we wish to thank<br />

Bill Beaston, Duke Benadom, Leonardo Gavazzi, Bill LaHaye,<br />

Michael Lange, Woody Minnich, Martina and Andreas Ohr, and<br />

Steve Plath.<br />

Specific credits, and full data about the illustrated plants, are<br />

listed at the end of the Index (section: Index Iconography).<br />

Please note that in the photo captions, the first name is a primary<br />

index name (boldface), or another index name. When existing<br />

and relevant, the second name (in italics, within round brackets)<br />

indicates, for the reader’s convenience, the taxonomical synonym<br />

according to the treatment by N. P. Taylor (examined: Taylor 1985b,<br />

1988, 1989 and 1993). This does not necessarily imply the<br />

acceptance, in each individual case, of Taylor’s classification with<br />

respect to other organizations of the Genus.<br />

Finally, for any errors or misidentifications, unfortunately always<br />

possible, the responsibility rests entirely upon the editor. (L. Di<br />

Martino) ❁


ECHINOCEREUS Engelmann 1848a:91.<br />

Type: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus Engelmann.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> abbeae Parsons 1937:6.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sonora, Delta Bacuachic River, 30 m (29º49’N, 111º51’W), S. H. Parsons, 2 Mar. 1932 (?).<br />

Note: Listed erroneously as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fenderi var. albiflorus (Backeberg 1960:2047, Bravo 1991:70).<br />

Taylor (1985b:50) treats this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. fasciculatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) Jacobi 1856:109.<br />

basionym: Cereus acifer Otto ex Salm-Dyck 1850:189.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:180 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. acifer (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) Bravo 1978:66.<br />

Note: Taylor (1984:159) uses the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. densus for this species. Cereus acifer* Otto ex<br />

Förster 1846:433 nom. nud. is usually considered a synonym of this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer Jacobi).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. brevispinulus Jacobi 1856:109-110.<br />

TL: Mexico.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. diversispinus Schumann 1897:287.<br />

TL: Mexico, Coahuila & Durango.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. durangensis (Poselger ex Rümpler) Schumann 1897:287 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> durangensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer subsp. huitcholensis (Weber) Lange 1994:109 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> huitcholensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. longispinus* Haage 1892:116 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. tenuispinus Jacobi 1856:109.<br />

TL: North America.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. trichacanthus Hort. ex Hildmann 1891:44.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Cereus acinaciformis* Steudel 1841:333 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />

Cereus acinaciformis* Hort. Berol. ex Salm-Dyck 1845:27 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />

Cereus aciniformis* Otto 1833:336 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. crassior (according to Pfeiffer 1837:101).<br />

Cereus aciniformis* Hort. Berol. ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. crassior.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus Engelmann 1848a:104.<br />

TL: Chihuahua, Cosihuiriachi, 1900 m, Wislizenus, 1846 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus adustus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. adustus (Engelmann) Daul 1890:78.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. adustus (Engelmann) Voss 1894:378.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. adustus* Schumann 1897:271.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. adustus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Borg 1937:174.<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> radians and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rufispinus are usually considered synonyms of this species.<br />

Cereus adustus var. radians (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> radians.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus var. schwarzii (Lau) Taylor 1985a:268 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> schwarzii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> aggregatus* Rydberg 1906:146 nom. illegit. = Mammillaria aggregata* Engelmann 1848b:157. nom. prov. (Rydberg used<br />

this name instead of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus) (•).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> aguirrei* Glass 1965:160 nom. nud. (a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albatus* Backeberg 1960:2007-2008 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:2007 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus var. albatus* Sterk 1980:12-13 nom. inval.<br />

Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> nivosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albiflorus Weingart 1933:156.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Halbinger (?).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. albiflorus (Weingart) Backeberg 1960:2047.<br />

Note: Backeberg 1960:2047 and Bravo 1991:70 erroneously list <strong>Echinocereus</strong> abbeae as a synonym of this species. Taylor<br />

(1985b) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albiflorus* Lowry 1937:20 nom. nud. (probably a white flowering form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus Lahman 1935:143.<br />

TL: Oklahoma, Medicine Park, Lahman (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. albispinus (Lahman) Backeberg 1941:4.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus var. albispinus* Backeberg 1960:2010.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albispinus (Lahman) Benson 1969b:127.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. baileyi fa. albispinus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />

Note: The name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albispinus is used for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi by Benson (1969b:127).<br />

Taylor (1985b) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. baileyi.<br />

26


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

1. E. acifer (E. polyacanthus var. densus). 2. E. acifer (E. polyacanthus<br />

var. densus).<br />

5. “E. amoenus”.<br />

3. E. adustus.<br />

27<br />

4. E. albispinus (E. reichenbachii var. baileyi).<br />

6. “E. amoenus”.


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:2007 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albatus*.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus (Dietrich) Weber ex Haage 1892:116.<br />

basionym: Echinopsis amoena Dietrich 1844:187-188.<br />

TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, near San Mateo 7500 ft., Ehrenberg (?).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Echinopsis pulchella var. flore kermesina Haage ex Förster 1846:364. pro syn.<br />

Echinopsis pulchella var. amoena (Dietrich) Förster 1846:364.<br />

Echinopsis pulchella var. rosea* Labouret 1853:292. pro syn.<br />

Cereus amoenus (Dietrich) Hemsley 1880:540.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. amoenus (Dietrich) Förster ex Schumann 1897:253.<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus is usually attributed to Schumann 1894:185. Taylor (1989:75) notes that the plant usually<br />

known in cultivation as “<strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus” is instead a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> weinbergii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus var. aguirre* Zehnter & Kuenzler Catalogue nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> aguirrei*.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> angusticeps Clover 1935:79.<br />

TL: Texas, Hidalgo Co., Linn, Clover 15261 (MICH).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus var. angusticeps (Clover) Marshall & Bock 1941:119.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. angusticeps (Clover) Benson 1969b:260.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. angusticeps (Clover) Benson 1976:59.<br />

Note: Benson uses the names <strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. angusticeps and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. angusticeps<br />

for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> anneacanthus Daul 1890:73.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus Rose ex Orcutt 1926:3.<br />

TL: Arizona, Boundary Monument between Pinal & Gila Counties, 4700 ft., C. R. Orcutt, July 1922 (NY).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) Benson 1969a:21.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) Ferguson 1989:221.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus subsp. matudae (Bravo) Rutow in Lange & Rutow 1994:51 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> matudae.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> armatus (Poselger) Poselger ex Backeberg & Knuth 1935:318 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> arrojadei Löfgren (from Brazil and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> australis* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:2045 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi Rose 1909b:403.<br />

TL: Oklahoma, Wichita Mtns., V. Bailey, Aug. 1906 (US 53167).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. baileyi (Rose) Taylor 1985b:133.<br />

Note: The name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albispinus is used for this species by Benson (1969b:127 ).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. albispinus (Lahman) Backeberg 1941:4 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus Lahman.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. brunispinus Backeberg 1941:4.<br />

TL: Oklahoma, Wichita Mtns.<br />

Note: Backeberg 1960:2010 lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> oklahomensis as synonyms of this variety.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. caespiticus* Backeberg 1960:2011 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. flavidispinus Backeberg 1941:4.<br />

TL: Oklahoma, Wichita Mtns.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi var. roseispinus Backeberg 1941:4.<br />

TL: Oklahoma, Wichita Mtns.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barcelona* Orcutt 1926:4 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barcena* Rebut ex Hirscht 1896:126 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barcena Fobe 1911:56.<br />

TL: unknown (from central Mexico according to Borg 1937:178).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barcena* Rebut ex Berger 1929 nom. illegit. (later homonym) (perhaps a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> barcena Fobe).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barkeana* Heyer 1989:25. nom. nud. (= Lau 1101) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rayonesensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barthelowanus Britton & Rose 1922:41.<br />

TL: Baja California, Isla Magdalena, Santa Maria Bay, J. N. Rose, 18 Mar. 1911 (US 16278).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bergeanus* Haage 1900:156 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandianus* Orcutt 1926:3 (error in spelling for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri (Engelmann) Haage 1859:19.<br />

basionym: Cereus berlandieri Engelmann 1856:286 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:38, t. 58).<br />

TL: Texas, Nueces River, Berlandier 2423, Apr. 1834 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blankii* Hort. ex Palmer 1865:92 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. berlandieri (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:1999.<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgerianus is usually considered a synonym of this species. This species is often erroneously treated<br />

as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. angusticeps (Clover) Benson 1976:59 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> angusticeps.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. blanckii* Fournier 1935:21 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii.<br />

28


8. E. arizonicus (E. coccineus).<br />

11. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> barthelowanus.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

7. E. angusticeps (E. papillosus var. angusticeps).<br />

9. E. baileyi (E. reichenbachii<br />

var. baileyi).<br />

13. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri.<br />

29<br />

12. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> barthelowanus.<br />

10. E. baileyi var. brunispinus<br />

(E. reichenbachii var. baileyi).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. longispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:163 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) Benson 1976:59 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bertinii (Cels) Schelle = Austrocactus bertinii.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bicolor Galeotti (error in spelling for Echinocactus bicolor).<br />

Cereus bigelovii* Engelmann 1857:t. 4 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis.<br />

Cereus bigelovii var. zuniensis* Engelmann 1857:t. 4 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis var. zuniensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii (Poselger) Poselger ex Rümpler 1885:779.<br />

basionym: Cereus blanckii Poselger 1853:134.<br />

TL: Tamaulipas, near Camargo, Poselger (?).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. blanckii* Fournier 1935:21 nom. illegit.<br />

Note: This name has been errroneously applied to <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri. Taylor 1985b lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii as a<br />

synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. brevispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. angusticeps (Clover) Benson 1969b:260 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> angusticeps.<br />

Note: This is the name Benson uses for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. berlandieri (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:1999 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. inermis* Heyer 1989:26 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> morricalii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. leonensis (Mathsson) Backeberg 1960:1999 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leonensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) Benson 1969d:126 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. poselgerianus (Linke) Backeberg 1960:1999 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgerianus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blankii* Hort. ex Palmer 1865:92 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bolansis* Runge ex Haage 1892:117 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> boliviensis Poselger ex Schumann 1897:290 (from Bolivia and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonatzii Römer 1995:98-113.<br />

TL: Durango, Sierra Mezquital, H. J. Bonatz 12388 (ZSS).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pamanesiorum subsp. bonatzii (Römer) Römer 1997:45.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonkerae Thornber & Bonker 1932:71-73, 85.<br />

TL: Arizona, Pinal Mtns. near Oracle, Thornber & Bonker (ARIZ 156240).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Benson 1944:260.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Peebles 1949:191-192.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Benson 1969a:21.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. bonkerae* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996. nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii Orcutt 1926:4.<br />

TL: Arizona, Boyce-Thompson Arboretum, Orcutt (?).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) Benson 1944:260.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) Benson 1969a:22.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. boyce-thompsonii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Peebles 1949:191-192 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonkerae.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> brandegeei (Coulter) Coulter ex Schumann 1897:290.<br />

basionym: Cereus brandegeei Coulter 1896:389.<br />

TL: Baja California, between El Campo Aleman & San Gregorio, T. S. Brandegee, 1889 (UC).<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mamillatus and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanborgianus are usually considered synonyms of this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> brenbergii* Lowry 1933:410 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bristolii Marshall 1938:160-161.<br />

TL: Sonora, Soyopa, 5000 ft., Bristol & Marshall, 1934 (DS 251175).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. bristolii (Marshall) Marshall 1956b:81.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bristolii var. pseudopectinatus Taylor 1985b:120 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pseudopectinatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1848a:110.<br />

basionym: Cereus caespitosus Engelmann 1845:247.<br />

TL: Texas, Austin Co., Near Cat Springs, Lindheimer, June 1845 (MO).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

Cereus caespitosus var. minor* Engelmann 1856:280 (based on same type as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. caespitosus (Engelmann) Schumann 1897:272.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. minor* Engelmann ex Weniger 1970:22 nom. inval.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. caespitosus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus is usually treated as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. adustus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Borg 1937:174 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. armatus (Poselger) Poselger ex Borg 1937:174 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. candicans* Hort. ex Borg 1937:174 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:811.<br />

basionym: Cereus caespitosus var. castaneus Engelmann 1850:203.<br />

TL: Texas, Granitic region of the Llano, Lindheimer, 1847 (MO).<br />

30


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

15. E. bonatzii.<br />

14. ?E. blanckii. 16. E. bonkerae (E. fasciculatus<br />

var. bonkerae).<br />

17. E. bonkerae (E. fasciculatus var. bonkerae). 18. E. boyce-thompsonii (E. fasciculatus<br />

var. boyce-thompsonii).<br />

19. E. boyce-thompsonii (E. fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii).<br />

21. E. brandegeei. 20. E. brandegeei.<br />

31


22. E. brandegeei.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

24. E. bristolii. 23. E. bristolii.<br />

25. E. bristolii.<br />

27. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii). 26. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii).<br />

32


29. E. caespitosus var. castaneus (E. reichenbachii).<br />

31. E. chisoensis.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

28. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii).<br />

33<br />

30. E. carnosus (?E. enneacanthus var. brevispinus).<br />

32. E. chisoensis.


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus reichenbachii var. castaneus (Engelmann) Labouret 1853:319.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. castaneus (Engelmann) Daul 1890:78.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> castaneus (Engelmann) Orcutt 1926:3.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. jamauvei* Fric ex Orcutt 1926:4 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. adustus fa. castaneus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Schelle 1926:174.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. castaneus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:50.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. chrysacanthus (Schumann) Schumann ex Borg 1937:174 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. chrysacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. major (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:811.<br />

basionym: Cereus caespitosus var. major Engelmann 1856:280.<br />

TL: Texas, New Braunfels, Lindheimer, 1851 (MO).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. minor* Engelmann ex Weniger 1970:22 nom. inval.<br />

basionym: Cereus caespitosus var. minor* Engelmann 1856:280, which was a new name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. caespitosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. perbellus* Weniger 1970:23 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> perbellus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. purpureus* Weniger 1970:23 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> purpureus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. reichenbachii* Ters. ex Borg 1937:174 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. rubescens* Hort. ex Borg 1951:221 nom. inval (no Latin diagnosis).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. rufispinus (Schumann) Schumann ex Borg 1951:221 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rufispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. tamaulipensis (Fric) Fric ex Borg 1937:174 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. tamaulipensis.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> candicans Rümpler = Echinopsis candicans.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> candicans var. tenuispinus Rümpler = Echinopsis candicans<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> candicans* Rünge ex Haage 1900:157 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> canyonensis Clover & Jotter 1941:417-418.<br />

TL: Arizona, Coconino Co., Bass Cable, Grande Canyon, Clover & Jotter 2317 (MICH).<br />

Note: Taylor (1985b) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> carnosus Rümpler 1885:796-797.<br />

TL: Texas<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. carnosus (Rümpler) Schelle 1907:127.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> castaneus (Engelmann) Orcutt 1926:3 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> centralis Rose = Echinomastus centralis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cereiformis* Auct. ? (Kakteenkunde 1935:1) nom. inval. (no Latin diagnosis).<br />

Note: Taylor (1985b) lists this name as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cernosus* Fric 1929:24 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chihuahuensis* Shields 1961:4 nom. inval. (no Latin diagnosis).<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chiloensis (Colla) Console & Lemaire = Echinopsis chiloensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chisoensis Marshall 1940:15.<br />

TL: Texas, Chisos Mtns., F. Radley, 10 Apr. 1939 (DS 263216).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. chisoensis (Marshall) Benson 1969d:127.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chisoensis var. fobeanus (Oehme) Taylor 1985a:261 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fobeanus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus (Engelmann) Haage 1859:19.<br />

basionym: Cereus chloranthus Engelmann 1856:278-279 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:29).<br />

TL: Texas, stony hills near Frontera (El Paso), Wright 95, 2 Apr. 1852 (MO 2016809).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. chloranthus (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:2015.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus fa. chloranthus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:51.<br />

Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:814.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. albispinus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. cylindricus (Engelmann) Taylor 1984:169 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. cylindricus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. flaviflorus* Hort. nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. flavispinus* Ito 1952:133 nom. inval. (no Latin diagnosis).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. longisetus* Hort. nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. milleri* Höchstätter Seed List 1997 nom. nud. (see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> milleri*).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. neocapillus Weniger 1969:39-41.<br />

TL: Texas, 5 to 10 miles south of Marathon, Weniger 711 (UNM).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. neocapillus (Weniger) Leuck 1980:35-36.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. neocapillus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. roseiflorus* Ito 1981 (according to Evanich 1989:103) nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. russanthus (Weniger) Lamb ex Rowley 1974a:7 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. senilis* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. vulpis-cauda* Chudleigh 1967:43 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus subsp. weedinii* Höchstätter Seed List 1997 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. weedinii.<br />

34


33. E. chloranthus (E. viridiflorus var. chloranthus).<br />

36. E. cinerascens.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

34. E. chloranthus var. neocapillus.<br />

35<br />

35. E. chloranthus var. neocapillus.<br />

37. E. cinerascens var. septentrionalis.


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chlorophthalmus (Hooker) Britton & Rose 1913:242.<br />

basionym: Echinocactus chlorophthalmus Hooker 1848:t. 4373.<br />

TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, Real del Monte.<br />

Note: This species is often considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chrysocentrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Orcutt 1926:4 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. chrysocentrus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens* Lemaire 1868:56 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens (De Candolle) De Candolle ex Rümpler 1885:786.<br />

basionym: Cereus cinerascens De Candolle 1828:116.<br />

TL: Mexico, Zimapan, Coulter 23 (?).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus acinaciformis* Steudel 1841:333 pro syn.<br />

Cereus acinaciformis* Hort. Berol. ex Salm-Dyck 1845:27 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> deppei *(Salm-Dyck) Schumann 1895:123 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> undulatus* Hildmann ex Schumann 1895:124 pro syn.<br />

Cereus deppei* Hort. Berol. ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn.<br />

Note: Cereus deppei, <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cirrhiferus and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> glycimorphus are usually considered synonyms of<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. caesius* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:169 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. crassior (De Candolle) De Candolle ex Rümpler 1885:786-787.<br />

basionym: Cereus cinerascens var. crassior De Candolle 1828:116.<br />

TL: Mexico, Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus aciniformis* Otto 1833:336 nom. nud.<br />

Cereus aciniformis* Hort. Berol. ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Bravo 1974:47 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ehrenbergii.<br />

Cereus cinerascens var. fendleri (Engelmann) Bois 1928:371 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. schmidtii* Haage 1900:157 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. septentrionalis Taylor 1988:68-69.<br />

TL: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, Entronque Huizache, Taylor 281, 10 July 1986 (MEXU).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. tenuior (De Candolle) De Candolle ex Rümpler 1885:776.<br />

basionym: Cereus cinerascens var. tenuior De Candolle 1828:116.<br />

TL: Mexico, Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. tulensis Taylor 1988:69 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> tulensis.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinnabarinus (Hooker) Schumann = Echinopsis cinnabarina.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cirrhiferus (Labouret) Labouret ex Rümpler 1885:778.<br />

basionym: Cereus cirrhiferus Labouret 1853:311.<br />

TL: Mexico.<br />

Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> clavatus Schumann = Eridisia spiniflora.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> claviformis (Regel & Klein) Haage 1893:22.<br />

basionym: Cereus claviformis Regel & Klein 1860:46.<br />

TL: Mexico, Karwinsky (?).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus Engelmann 1848a:93.<br />

TL: New Mexico, Wolf Creek, Wislizenus, 24 June 1846 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus coccineus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:51 nom. illegit. (not Cereus coccineus Salm-Dyck 1828).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:788 nom. illegit. see Cereus phoeniceus Engelmann 1856:284.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanacanthus* Engelmann ex Earl 1963:61 (printing error).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. coccineus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:117.<br />

Note: Benson uses the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus for this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. arizonicus (Orcutt) Ferguson 1989:221 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. conoideus* Weniger 1970:42 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conoideus.<br />

Cereus coccineus var. cylindricus Engelmann 1849:51.<br />

TL: New Mexico, Mtns. near Santa Fe, Fendler, 17 Sept. 1846 (MO).<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. coccineus and has never been<br />

recombined with the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. gurneyi (Benson) Heil & Brack 1988:26 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. gurneyi.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis (Schumann) Purpus 1925:49.<br />

basionym: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus var. inermis Schumann 1896a:150.<br />

TL: Colorado, Mesa Grande, Tongue Creek, C. A. Purpus (?).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. inermis (Schumann) Arp 1973:132-133.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. mojavensis fa. inermis (Schumann) Ferguson 1989:219.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus fa. inermis* Alabaster 1994:105 nom. inval.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis fa. inermis* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. kunzei (Gürke) Backeberg 1960:2070 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> kunzei.<br />

36


38. E. coccineus.<br />

40. E. coccineus var. inermis (E. coccineus).<br />

42. E. conglomeratus (E. stramineus).<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

37<br />

39. E. coccineus.<br />

41. E. coccineus var. inermis (E. coccineus).<br />

43. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Cereus coccineus var. melanacanthus Engelmann 1849:51.<br />

TL: New Mexico, Santa Fe, Fendler, 26 Nov. 1846 (MO).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus (Engelmann) Benson 1944:254.<br />

Note: The latter is the name Benson applies to <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. nudus* Auct. ? (CSJ 35:194) nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. octacanthus* Boissevain & Davidson 1940:39 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> octacantus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. paucispinus (Engelmann) Ferguson 1989:222 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus fa. rosei* Blum 1990:13 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />

Cereus concolor Schott 1857:ii.<br />

TL: Texas, Pecos County, Escondido Springs (apparently some form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus or <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus that<br />

has never been formally transferred to the genus <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus Blanc 1890:56.<br />

TL: Nuevo Leon, Rinconada, Mathsson, 24 Sept. 1889 (?)(according to Schumann 1897:278).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bolansis* Runge ex Haage 1892:117 pro syn.<br />

Cereus conglomeratus (Blanc) Berger 1905:81.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. conglomeratus (Blanc) Benson 1974:80.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. conglomeratus (Blanc) Bravo 1974:47.<br />

Note: This plant is usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus Förster ex Schumann 1897:278.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus var. robustior* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> conoideus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:807.<br />

basionym: Cereus conoideus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:284 (fuller description Engelmann 1857:35).<br />

TL: New Mexico, Anton Chico, J. M. Bigelow, 24 Sept. 1853 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus phoeniceus* subsp. conoideus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann 1857:37.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. conoideus Schumann 1896:150.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. conoideus* Weniger 1970:42 nom. inval.<br />

Note: This species is usually treated as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> crispatus* Mathsson 1890:464 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides Engelmann ex Rümpler).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:819.<br />

basionym: Cereus ctenoides Engelmann 1856:279 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:31).<br />

TL: Coahuila, between Eagle Pass & Santa Rosa, Bigelow, Jan. 1853 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. ctenoides (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:2021.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ctenoides* Weniger 1971:31 nom. inval. (no basionym given).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ctenoides (Engelmann) Weniger ex Frank 1991:135.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus subsp. ctenoides (Engelmann) Frank 1997:136.<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. wenigeri is considered by Frank (1997) to be a synonym of this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cucumis Werdermann 1949:3-4.<br />

TL: unknown (received from Hummel in 1937 without location noted, but probably from Sonora, Mexico).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> noctiflorus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:1991 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nocturniflorus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:1991 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. gentryi cultivar ‘Cucumis’ (Werdermann) Taylor 1984:155.<br />

Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gentryi.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dahliaflorus* (an April fool prank name in Möllers Deutche Gärter-Zeitung 15:148 (1900)).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus Engelmann 1848a:100.<br />

TL: Chihuahua, Mtns. near Cd. Juarez, Wislizenus (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />

Cereus deflexispinus* Monville ex Labouret 1853:321 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Haage 1892:118.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus* Earle 1971:80 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus* Taylor 1984:179 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

Note: Benson uses the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. neomexicanus for this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. ctenoides (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:2021 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. hildmannii* Arendt ex Weniger 1970:33 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hildmannii.<br />

Cereus dasyacanthus var. minor* Engelmann 1856:278 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri.<br />

Note: This name is rejected by the author in his addenda of corrections and replaced by <strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri.<br />

Cereus dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus Coulter 1896:384.<br />

TL: Southeastern New Mexico (actually Pecos County, Texas) Wright 366 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. neomexicanus (Coulter) Benson 1944:256.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus* Coulter ex Weniger 1970:32 nom. inval.<br />

38


44. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus).<br />

46. E. cucumis (E. scheeri var. gentryi).<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

48. E. dasyacanthus. 49. E. dasyacanthus.<br />

39<br />

45. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus).<br />

47. E. dasyacanthus.


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Note: Benson uses the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. neomexicanus for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus. The original var.<br />

neomexicanus was probably a natural hybrid (see Zimmerman 1993).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus* Coulter ex Weniger 1970:32 nom. inval. (no basionym given).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. rectispinus Trocha & Fethke 1991:31-40.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, near Villa Ahumada, Fiehn 1979 (Hamburg Herbarium).<br />

Synonym (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rectispinus* Zimmerman 1993:277 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Marshall & Bock 1941:119 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. rubrus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

Cereus dasyacanthus var. spurius Labouret 1853:321.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Synonym:<br />

Cereus deflexispinus var. spurius* Monville ex Labouret 1853:321 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. steereae (Clover) Marshall 1945:115 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> steereae.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> davisii Houghton 1931:466.<br />

TL: Texas, 4 miles south of Marathon, 4000 ft., Houghton 700 (US 1566585).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. davisii (Houghton) Marshall & Bock 1941:119.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus fa. davisii (Houghton) Krainz 1967:51.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> decumbens Clover & Jotter 1941:417.<br />

TL: Arizona, Coconino Co., Mile 16+ Marble Canyon, Clover & Jotter 2212 (MICH).<br />

Synonym (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) Benson 1944:258.<br />

Cereus deflexispinus* Monville ex Labouret 1853:321 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />

Cereus deflexispinus* var. spurius Monville ex Labouret 1853:321 pro syn. see Cereus dasyacanthus var. spurius.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> degandii* Rebut ex Schumann 1895:123 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> delaetii (Gürke) Gürke 1909b:131.<br />

basionym: Cephalocereus delaetii Gürke 1909a:116-121.<br />

TL: unknown (probably Sierra Paila, Coahuila).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus var. delaetii (Gürke) Taylor 1988:79.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> delaetii var. freudenbergeri (Frank) Taylor 1985b:97 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> freudenbergeri.<br />

Cereus deppei Salm-Dyck 1834:338.<br />

TL: Mexico.<br />

Note: This species is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />

Cereus deppei* Hort. Berol. ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />

Cereus deppei* Hort. Paris ex Salm-Dyck 1845:27 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> deppei* (Salm-Dyck) Schumann 1895:123 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> depressus* Haage 1900:157 nom. nud.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> diguetii* Hort. nom. nud. = Cereus diguetii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dubius (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:787.<br />

basionym: Cereus dubius Engelmann 1856:282-283 (fuller description in Engelmann 1859:36).<br />

TL: Texas, Hudspeth Co. near Rio Grande, Wright, 19 June 1852 (MO).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. dubius (Engelmann) Benson 1969d:127.<br />

Note: This species is usually considered to be a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. enneacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> durangensis Poselger ex Rümpler 1885:799.<br />

TL: Mexico, Durango.<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer var. durangensis (Poselger ex Rümpler) Schumann 1897:287.<br />

Note: Taylor (1985b) lists this name as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> durangensis var. nigrispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:800.<br />

TL: Mexico, Durango.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> durangensis var. rufispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:800.<br />

TL: Mexico, Durango.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Pfeiffer ex Rümpler 1885:775.<br />

basionym: Cererus ehrenbergii Pfeiffer 1840:282.<br />

TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, Mineral del Monte (according to Schumann 1897:262), Ehrenberg (?).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Backeberg 1960:2003.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Bravo 1974:47.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> emoryi (Engelmann) Rümpler = Bergerocactus emoryi.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii* Lemaire 1868:56 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii Parry ex Rümpler).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii (Parry ex Engelmann) Parry ex Rümpler 1885:805.<br />

basionym: Cereus engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann 1852:328.<br />

TL: California, Mtns. near San Felipe, Parry (?).<br />

40


50. E. dasyacanthus var. rectispinus.<br />

52. E. davisii (E. viridiflorus var. davisii).<br />

54. E. delaetii (E. longisetus var. delaetii).<br />

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41<br />

51. E. dasyacanthus var. rectispinus.<br />

53. E. delaetii (E. longisetus var. delaetii).<br />

55. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus).


56. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus).<br />

58. E. ehrenbergii (E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii).<br />

60. E. engelmannii.<br />

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42<br />

57. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus).<br />

59. E. ehrenbergii (E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii).<br />

61. E. engelmannii.


62. E. engelmannii.<br />

64. E. engelmannii var. armatus.<br />

66. E. engelmannii var. armatus, E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus.<br />

68. E. engelmannii var. howei.<br />

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43<br />

63. E. engelmannii var. acicularis.<br />

65. E. engelmannii var. armatus.<br />

67. E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus.<br />

69. E. engelmannii var. howei.


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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. acicularis Benson 1969a:22.<br />

TL: Arizona Maricopa Co., Crossing of New River, south side of Black Canyon Refuge, 1300 ft., Benson 16,616, 20 Apr. 1966<br />

(POM 311313).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. albispinus* Cels ex Schumann 1897:276 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. armatus Benson 1969c:33.<br />

TL: California, San Bernardino Co., Dead Man Point, Benson 14,767, 1 Apr. 1951 (POM 284927).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. bonkerae* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonkerae.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. boyce-thompsonii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. caespitosus* Orcutt 1897:276 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. chrysocentrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:806.<br />

basionym: Cereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:283 (fuller description in<br />

Engelmann 1857:35).<br />

TL: Arizona, Bill Williams River, J. M. Bigelow, 13 Feb. 1854 (MO).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chrysocentrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Orcutt 1926:4.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) Benson 1944:258 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> decumbens.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. fasciculatus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. fulvispinus* Cels ex Schumann 1897:276 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. howei Benson 1974:80.<br />

TL: California, San Bernardino Co., east of Goffs, D. F. Howe 4,570 (POM 317,886).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. munzii (Parish) Pierce & Fosberg 1933:123 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> munzii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. nicholii Benson 1944:258.<br />

TL: Arizona, Pima Co., Silver Bell Mtns., Benson 10,720, 28 Mar. 1941 (ARIZ 34989).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nicholii (Benson) Parfitt 1987:157-158.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. pfersdorffii* Heyder ex Schumann 1897:276 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. purpureus Benson 1969d:126-127.<br />

TL: Utah, Washington Co., north of St. George, 2900 ft., Benson 13,637, 5 May 1949 (POM 285578).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. robustior* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. robustior* Hildmann ex Hirscht 1894:194 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. variegatus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:806.<br />

basionym: Cereus engelmannii var. variegatus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:283 (fuller description in Engelmann<br />

1857:35).<br />

TL: Arizona, Cactus Mtns. at head of Bill Williams River, J. M. Bigelow, 1 Feb. 1854 (MO).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. versicolor* Hirscht 1894:194 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus Engelmann 1848a:111.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, near San Pablo, Wislizenus 244, 8 Apr. 1847 (MO 83797).<br />

Synonym:<br />

Cereus enneacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> lowryi* Lowry 1936:20 nom. nud. and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albiflorus* Lowry 1937:20 nom. nud. are<br />

probably forms of this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus fa. brevispinus Moore 1967:93-94.<br />

TL: Texas, Starr Co., 8 miles east of Rio Grande City, Clover, 31 Dec. 1953 (MICH).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. brevispinus (Moore) Benson 1969d:127.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. brevispinus (Moore) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus fa. brevispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. carnosus (Rümpler) Schelle 1907:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> carnosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. carnosus* Quehl 1908:114 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> carnosus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus fa. carnosus* is attributed incorrectly to Matthson ex Schumann by Bravo 1991:76.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. conglomeratus (Blanc) Benson 1974:80 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. dubius (Engelmann) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dubius.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. erectus* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus fa. intermedius Moore 1967:93.<br />

TL: Texas, Starr Co., off La Grulla Road, Clover, 23 Mar. 1953 (MICH).<br />

Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. brevispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. major* Schelle 1907:127 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. majus* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. stramineus (Engelmann) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus (Engelmann) Benson 1969a:21.<br />

basionym: Mammillaria fasciculata* Engelmann in Emory 1848:156. nom. prov.<br />

TL: Arizona, Graham Co., 6-7 miles east of Solomon (neotype - Benson 16633, 22 Apr. 1966 (POM 311339)).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. fasciculatus (Engelmann) Taylor 1985a:252.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. fasciculatus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />

Note: The validity of this name is uncertain. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustus is usually considered to be a synonym of this plant.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Benson 1969a:22 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonkerae.<br />

44


70. E. engelmannii var. nicholii (E. nicholii).<br />

72. E. engelmannii var. purpureus.<br />

74. E. engelmannii var. variegatus.<br />

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45<br />

71. E. engelmannii var. nicholii (E. nicholii).<br />

73. E. engelmannii var. variegatus.<br />

75. E. enneacanthus.


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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) Benson 1969a:21 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. rectispinus* Benson 1969a:131 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rectispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri (Engelmann) Loder 1882:445.<br />

basionym: Cereus fendleri Engelmann 1849:51.<br />

TL: New Mexico, near Santa Fe, Fendler 3, 1846 (MO).<br />

Synonym:<br />

Cereus cinerascens var. fendleri (Engelmann) Bois 1928:371.<br />

Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:801, or Senke ex Haage 1893:22.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. albiflorus (Weingart) Backeberg 1960:2047 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albiflorus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Benson 1944:260 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonkerae.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) Benson 1944:260 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> boyce-thompsonii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. fasciculatus (Engelmann) Taylor 1985a:252 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. hempelii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hempelii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. kuenzleri (Castetter et al.) Benson 1982:942 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> kuenzleri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. ledingii (Peebles) Taylor 1985a:253 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ledingii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. major* Haage 1900:158 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. pauperculus (Engelmann) Schumann 1897:275.<br />

basionym: Cereus fendleri var. pauperculus Engelmann 1849:51.<br />

TL: New Mexico, near Santa Fe, Fendler, 4 Nov. 1846 (MO).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. rectispinus (Peebles) Benson 1944:259 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rectispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. robustus Fobe 1911:55 (not Benson 1944).<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. robustus* (Peebles) Benson 1944:259 nom. illegit (later homonym) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ferreirianus Gates 1953:8-11.<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja Calif. Norte, Isla Piojo, Bahia de los Angeles, H. E. Gates, 1934 (DS 375348).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ferreirianus var. lindsayi (Meyran) Taylor 1985b:46 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> lindsayi.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ferreirrae* Gates 1935:154 nom. nud. (= Gates number 550).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fiehnii* Lau 1992:74 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. fiehnii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> finnii* Hort. ex Taylor 1985 101 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. fiehnii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii Britton & Rose 1922:30.<br />

TL: Texas, near Laredo, Rose 18037, 1913 (US).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. fitchii (Britton & Rose) Benson 1969d:127.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii var. albertii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albertii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii var. armatus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flavescens (Pfeiffer) Rümpler = Haageocereus sp.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flavidiflorus* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flavidiflorus* Hildmann ex Schumann 1897:264 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leonensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flaviflorus (Coulter) Coulter ex Schumann 1897:274.<br />

basionym: Cereus flavidiflorus Engelmann ex Coulter 1896:391.<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja California, west of San Borgia, Gabb 10, 1867 (MO).<br />

Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flavispinus* Bailey 1941:270 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> floresii Backeberg 1949:5.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sinaloa, near Topolobampo, R. Flores & F. Schwarz (?).<br />

Synonym (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sciurus var. floresii (Backeberg) Taylor 1985b:115.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fobeanus Oehme 1940:49-50.<br />

TL: unknown (probably Coahuila).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chisoensis var. fobeanus (Oehme) Taylor 1985a:261.<br />

Note: Taylor (1993) lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> metornii as a synonym of this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fordtii* spelling error for Echinocactus fordtii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> freudenbergeri Frank 1981:102-105.<br />

TL: Mexico, Coahuila, 12 km south of Cuatro Cienegas, G. Freudenberger (ZSS AA18-27).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> delaetii var. freudenbergeri (Frank) Taylor 1985b:97.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> setosus* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:76 pro syn.<br />

Note: Taylor (1993) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> nivosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> galtieri* Hort. Grus. ex Schumann 1895:124 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> galtieri Rebut ex Fobe 1911:56.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. galtieri (Rebut ex Fobe) Schelle 1926:179.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> gentryi Clover 1938:565.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sonora, Cañon Saucito, H. S. Gentry, 1932 (MICH).<br />

46


76. E. enneacanthus.<br />

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78. E. fasciculatus. 79. E. fendleri.<br />

80. E. fendleri.<br />

47<br />

77. E. enneacanthus fa. brevispinus (E.<br />

enneacanthus var. brevispinus).<br />

81. E. fendleri.


82. E. ferreirianus.<br />

84. E. fitchii (E. reichenbachii var. fitchii).<br />

86. E. floresii (E. sciurus var. floresii).<br />

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48<br />

83. E. ferreirianus.<br />

85. E. floresii (E. sciurus var. floresii).<br />

87. E. fobeanus (E. chisoensis var. fobeanus).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

88. E. fobeanus (E. chisoensis var. fobeanus). 89. E. freudenbergeri (E. nivosus).<br />

90. E. freudenbergeri (E. nivosus). 91. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi).<br />

92. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi). 93. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi).<br />

94. E. gonacanthus (E. triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus). 95. E. gonacanthus (E. triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus).<br />

49


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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. gentryi (Clover) Taylor 1984:154.<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cucumis is usually considered a synonym of this species.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> gladiatus (Lemaire) Rümpler = Echinopsis gladiata.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> glycimorphus Förster ex Rümpler 1885:800.<br />

TL: unknown (Hidalgo near Ixmiquilpan and El Cardonal according to Schumann 1897:262).<br />

Synonym:<br />

Cereus glycimorphus (Förster ex Rümpler) Orcutt 1903:5.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> glycimorphus var. undulatus Schelle 1926:166.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Note: Schelle 1926:166 lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> undulatus* Hildmann as a synonym of this variety.<br />

Cereus glomeratus* Orcutt 1897:21 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus Loder).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Loder 1882:444.<br />

basionym: Cereus gonacanthus Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:283 (fuller description Engelmann 1857:33).<br />

TL: Arizona, Apache Co., Jacobs Well, 40 miles west of Zuñi, J. M. Bigelow, 29 Nov. 1853 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schumann 1897:281.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Boissevain 1940:36.<br />

Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:806.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> grahamii (Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 20:47) error for Mammillaria grahamii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> grandis Britton & Rose 1922:18.<br />

TL: Mexico, Gulf of California, San Esteban Island, J. N. Rose 16823, 13 Apr. 1911 (US).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. grandis (Britton & Rose) Marshall 1955:68.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hancockii Dawson 1949:89-93.<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja California Sur, north side of San Hipolito Bay, E. Y. Dawson 6443, 4 Apr. 1949 (LAM).<br />

Synonym (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus var. hancockii (Dawson) Taylor 1985b:44.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> havermansii* Rebut ex Haage 1892:118 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> havernicki* Hildm. ex Schwarzbach & Bitter 1915:8 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hempelii Fobe 1897:187.<br />

TL: Mexico (probably Santa Clara Canyon, Chihuahua, Mexico).<br />

Synonym (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. hempelii * Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />

Note: Some authors treat <strong>Echinocereus</strong> kuenzleri as a synonym of this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hempelii var. centrispinus* Hort. nom. nud. (= HK 1489 from San Buenaventura, Chihuahua, Mexico).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:807.<br />

basionym: Cereus hexaedrus Engelmann & Bigelow Engelmann 1856:285 (fuller description Engelmann 1857:34).<br />

TL: Arizona, Apache County, 15 miles west of Zuñi, J. M. Bigelow, 28 Nov. 1853 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schumann 1897:281.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Boissevain 1940:36.<br />

Note: Listed by Taylor (1985b) as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hidalgensis* Hort. Berol. ex Backeberg 1962:3855-3856 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hildmannii Arendt 1892:146.<br />

TL: unknown (West Texas according to Schelle 1926:175).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. hildmannii* Arendt ex Weniger 1970:33 nom. inval.<br />

Note: This plant may be a natural hybrid (see Zimmermann 1993).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> huitcholensis (Weber) Gürke 1906:23.<br />

basionym: Cereus huitcholensis Weber 1904:383.<br />

TL: Mexico, Jalisco, Sierra de los Huitcholes, 1800 m, L. Diguet, May 1900 (P).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. huitcholensis (Weber) Taylor 1988:82.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer subsp. huitcholensis (Weber) Lange 1994:109.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> hypogaeus (Weber ex Regel) Rümpler = Eridisia spiniflora.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> inermis* Haage ex Hirscht 1898:130 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> intricatus (Salm-Dyck) Rümpler = Echinopsis strigosa.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> jacobyi* Hort. ex Schumann 1897:278 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> merkeri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> joconosle* Haage 1892:117 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus Liebner 1895:170.<br />

TL: unknown (relocated in Sierra Parras, Coahuila, Mexico by Glass & Foster).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> liebnerianus* Liebner ex Schumann 1896b:262 nom. nud.<br />

50


96. E. grandis.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

97. E. grandis.<br />

51<br />

98. E. grandis.<br />

99. E. hancockii (E. maritimus var. hancockii). 100. E. hancockii (E. maritimus var. hancockii).<br />

101. E. hempelii (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri).<br />

102. E. hempelii (E. fendleri<br />

var. kuenzleri).<br />

103. E. hempelii (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> inermis* Haage ex Hirscht 1898:130 pro syn.<br />

Cereus knippelianus (Liebner) Orcutt 1902:27.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus var. kruegeri Glass & Foster 1978b:80.<br />

TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, north of Ascencion near San Juanito, Glass & Foster 3902, 1 Mar. 1972 (POM) (•).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus var. reyesii Lau 1980:264-265.<br />

TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, between Siberia & Encantada, Lau 1237A, Apr. 1977 (POM) (•).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus var. siberi giberia* Heyer 1989:25 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> koehresianus* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:80 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> koehresii* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:80 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> krausei De Smet ex Rümpler 1885:789.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Note: This plant is usually listed as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> kroenleinii* Hort. nom. nud. see Wilcoxia kroenleinii.<br />

Wilcoxia kroenleinii Cartier 1980 (Succulentes 2(2):2-3).<br />

TL: unknown, HK 379 (P) (probably from Coahuila, Mexico).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgeri subsp. kroenleinii (Cartier) Lange 1995:138.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> kroenleinii* Hort.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> kuenzleri Castetter et al. 1976:77-78.<br />

TL: New Mexico, Otero Co., Sacramento Mtns., Elk, Kuenzler 3585, 5 May 1968 (UNM 55571).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pseudohempelii* Kuenzler Cat. nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. kuenzleri (Castetter et al.) Benson 1982:942.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> kunzei Gürke 1907:103-104.<br />

TL: Arizona, near Phoenix (southern New Mexico according to Britton & Rose 1922:31).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. kunzei (Gürke) Backeberg 1960:2070.<br />

Note: This plant may be a natural hybrid (see Zimmermann 1993).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> laboretianus Daul 1890:76.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Note: This plant is usually listed as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretianus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> laboretianus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretianus var. chrysacanthus* Haage 1900:159 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretianus var. gracilispinus* Haage 1900:159 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretianus var. sanguineus* Haage 1900:159 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretii* Förster ex Rümpler 1885:811 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> lamprochlorus (Lemaire) Rümpler = Echinopsis lamprochlora.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> laui Frank 1978:74-77.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sonora, east of Yecora, El Trigo Ranch, 1800 m, A. Lau 780, Jan. 1974 (ZSS AA18-24).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ledingii Peebles 1936:35.<br />

TL: Arizona, Graham Co., Mt. Graham, 4500 ft., Louis Wankum, 11 July 1935 (US 1634004).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. ledingii (Peebles) Taylor 1985a:253.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus Lemaire ex Rümpler).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus (Hooker) Lemaire ex Rümpler 1885:828.<br />

basionym: Cereus leeanus Hooker 1849:t. 4417.<br />

TL: Northern Mexico.<br />

Note: Often considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus var. multicostatus (Cels ex Rümpler) Schumann 1897:289 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> multicostatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leonensis Mathsson 1891:66.<br />

TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, near Monterrey, 1800 ft., Runge (?).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> flaviflorus* Hildmann ex Schumann 1897:264 pro syn.<br />

Cereus leonensis (Mathsson) Berger 1905:80.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. leonensis (Mathsson) Backeberg 1960:1999.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. leonensis (Mathsson) Taylor 1985b:78.<br />

Cereus leptacanthus* De Candolle ex Pfeiffer 1837:101 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. subarticulatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leptacanthus Gaillard 1864:209 see Cereus leptacanthus De Candolle ex Salm Dyck 1845:27 (which was a new name for<br />

Cereus pentalophus var. subarticulatus De Candolle).<br />

Cereus leptacanthus var. crassior* De Candolle ex Förster 1846:373 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leptophus* Gässner Hauptverzeichnis 1937:6 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leucanthus Taylor 1985b:136-137 (new name needed because <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albiflorus was already used for another plant).<br />

basionym: Wilcoxia albiflora Backeberg 1952:16.<br />

TL: unknown (probably northwest Sinaloa, Mexico). (P) (cultivated material from Les Cedres).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> liebnerianus* Liebner ex Schumann1896b:262 nom. nud. (probably a printing error, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus).<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> limensis (Salm-Dyck) Rümpler = Haageocereus sp.<br />

52


106. E. huitcholensis (E. polyacanthus<br />

var. huitcholensis).<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

104. E. hidalgensis*. 105. E. huitcholensis (E. polyacanthus var. huitcholensis).<br />

53<br />

107. E. knippelianus.<br />

108. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri. 109. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri.


110. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

111. E. knippelianus var. reyesii (E. knippelianus var. kruegeri).<br />

112. E. knippelianus var. reyesii (E. knippelianus var. kruegeri). 113. Wilcoxia kroenleinii (E. poselgeri).<br />

114. E. kuenzleri (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri). 115. E. kuenzleri (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri).<br />

54


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

116. E. laui. 117. E. ledingii (E. fendleri var. ledingii).<br />

118. E. ledingii (E. fendleri var. ledingii). 119. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis).<br />

120. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis). 121. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus<br />

var. leonensis).<br />

55


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> lindsayi Meyran 1975:80-83.<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja Calif. Norte, between Cataviña & Laguna Chapula, Meyran et al., 8 May 1975 in H. Sanchez-Mejorada 2424<br />

(MEXU).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ferreirianus var. lindsayi (Meyran) Taylor 1985b:46.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> lloydii Britton & Rose 1922:37-38.<br />

TL: Texas, Pecos Co., Tuna Springs, F. E. Lloyd, 26-28 Feb. 1909 (US 691964).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri var. lloydii (Britton & Rose) Backeberg 1960:2027.<br />

Note: This species is probably a natural hybrid.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus Engelmann ex Rümpler).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885: 822.<br />

basionym: Cereus longisetus Engelmann 1856:280 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:32-33, t. 45).<br />

TL: Mexico, Coahuila, Mtns. near Santa Rosa (Melchor Muzquiz), J. M. Bigelow, 1853 (MO).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus var. albatus* Sterk 1980:12-13 nom. inval. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albatus* Backeberg nom. inval.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus var. delaetii (Gürke) Taylor 1988:79 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> delaetii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:180 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus Lahman 1950:128 (originally published Lahman 1936:15 without Latin diagnosis).<br />

TL: Oklahoma, Mt. Scott, Lahman (MO).<br />

Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longispinus var. albispinus* Backeberg 1960:2010 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> lowryi* Lowry 1936:20 nom. nud. (probably a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> luteus Britton & Rose 1913:239.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sonora, Mtns. above Alamos, Rose et al. 15207, 19 March 1910 (US 535975).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. luteus (Britton & Rose) Knuth in Backeberg & Knuth 1935:312.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> madrensis Patoni 1910:42.<br />

TL: Mexico, Durango, high Sierra Madre.<br />

Note: Perhaps a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus or one of the species related to it.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> malibrani* Rebut ex Haage 1892:118 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dubius (according to Schelle<br />

1907:135)).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mamillatus (Engelmann ex Coulter) Britton & Rose 1922:41.<br />

basionym: Cereus mamillatus Engelmann ex Coulter 1896:405.<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja California, south of Muluge, Gabb 16, 1867 (MO).<br />

Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> brandegeei.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mamillosus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:787.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> marginii* Ely 1935:6 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mariae* Backeberg 1965:2, 19 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />

Note: A form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi from northwest of Granite, Oklahoma.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus (Jones) Schumann 1897:273-274.<br />

basionym: Cereus maritimus Jones 1883:973.<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja California, Norte, near Ensenada, M. E. Jones, Apr. 1882 (POM).<br />

Synonym:<br />

Cereus glomeratus* Orcutt 1897:21 pro syn.<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> orcuttii and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> flaviflorus Coulter ex Schumann are usually considered synonyms of this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus var. hancockii Taylor 1985b:44 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hancockii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> marksianus* Schwarz ex Backeberg 1966:124 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />

Note: From Northern Mexico. Taylor (1985b) lists this name as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. densus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> matlesianus* Backeberg ex Bravo 1991:26 misspelling see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> matthesianus* Backeberg.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> matthesianus* Backeberg 1963:6 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />

Note: Taylor (1993) lists this name as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> matudae Bravo 1961:119-121.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Rio Papigochic near Temosochic, Matuda (MEXU).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus subsp. matudae (Bravo) Rutow in Lange & Rutow 1994:51.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> melaleucus* Föster ex Haage 1892:117 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanacanthus* Engelmann ex Earl 1963:61 (printing error) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanocentrus* Lowry 1936:20 nom. inval. (no Latin diagnosis) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanocentrus* Lowry ex Backeberg.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanocentrus* Lowry ex Backeberg 1960:2030 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var.albertii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> merkeri* Hildmann ex Haage 1892:118 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> merkeri Hildmann ex Schumann 1897:277.<br />

TL: unknown (range given as Durango near Cd. Lerdo, Coahuila, Sierra Bola & near Parras).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> jacobyi* Hort. ex Schumann 1897:278 pro syn.<br />

56


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

122. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis).<br />

124. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi).<br />

126. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi).<br />

57<br />

123. E. leucanthus.<br />

125. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus<br />

var. lindsayi).<br />

127. E. lloydii (E. coccineus x<br />

E. dasyacanthus).


128. E. lloydii (see 127).<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

58<br />

129. E. longisetus.<br />

130. E. longisetus. 131. E. longisetus (forma).<br />

132. E. luteus (E. subinermis). 133. E. maritimus.<br />

134. E. maritimus. 135. E. marksianus* (E. polyacanthus var. densus).


136. E. matthesianus* (E. polyacanthus<br />

var. huitcholensis?).<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

137. E. matthesianus* (E. polyacanthus var. huitcholensis?).<br />

138. E. matudae (E. coccineus). 139. E. matudae (E. coccineus).<br />

140. E. merkeri (E. enneacanthus).<br />

59<br />

141. E. merkeri (E. enneacanthus).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Cereus merkeri (Hildmann ex Schumann) Berger 1905:81.<br />

Note: Taylor (1985b) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> merkeri var. densispinus* Schmoll ex Backeberg 1960:2051 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> metornii Frank 1990b:210-218.<br />

TL: Mexico, Coahuila, Sierra Mojada, 1500 m, Metorn 49, 4 Apr. 1989 (ZSS) (•).<br />

Note: Taylor (1993) lists this species as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fobeanus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> milleri* Hort. nom. nud. = HK 370. Robert Lee, Coke Co., Texas.<br />

Note: This plant is considered by some to be a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> moelleri* Hort. (Cactus & Succulent Journal (US) 13:22 1941) nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:803.<br />

basionym: Cereus mojavensis Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:281 (fuller description Engelmann 1857:33).<br />

TL: California, Mojave Creek, J. M. Bigelow, 4 Mar. 1854 (MO).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

Cereus bigelovii* Engelmann 1856:pl. 4 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Benson 1944:255.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis var. albispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:167 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis fa. inermis* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis var. zuniensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:803.<br />

basionym: Cereus mojavensis var. zuniensis Engelmann & Bigelow in Engelmann 1856:281.<br />

TL: Arizona, Cañon Diablo, on Little Colorado River, J. M. Bigelow, 14 Dec. 1853 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus bigelovii var. zuniensis* Engelmann 1857:t. 4 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> zuniensis* Eng. & Big. ex Haage & Schmidt nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> mombergerianus Frank 1990c:261 (originally published Frank 1989:272-277 with no type designated).<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja California Norte, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Hidalgo Observatory, Lau 1248 (ZSS).<br />

Synonym (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus subsp. mombergerianus (Frank) Breckwoldt & Matylewicz 1996:15.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> monacanthus Heese 1904:215.<br />

TL: Texas - Mexico Border, Rancho Tacubaya.<br />

Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> morricalii Riha 1975:75.<br />

TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Barranca de las Garrapatas south of Monterrey, D. B. Morrical (PRC 322).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viereckii var. morricalii (Riha) Taylor 1985b:93.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. inermis* Heyer 1989:26 pro syn.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> multiangularis (Willdenow) Rümpler = Haageocereus sp.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> multiangularis var. limensis Maas = Haageocereus sp.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> multiangularis var. pallidior (Pfeiffer) Rümpler = Haageocereus sp.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> multicostatus Cels ex Rümpler 1885:834.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus var. multicostatus (Cels ex Rümpler) Schumann 1897:289.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. multicostatus (Cels ex Rümpler) Marshall 1953:67.<br />

Note: This plant is often considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leeanus, but it may be of South American origin,<br />

and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> munzii (Parish) Benson 1941:361.<br />

basionym: Cereus munzii Parish 1926:48.<br />

TL: California, Riverside Co., 2 miles below Kenworthy, 1400 m, Munz & Johnson 5570, 21 May 1922 (UC).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. munzii (Parish) Pierce & Fosberg 1933:123.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> neomexicanus Standley 1908:87-88.<br />

TL: New Mexico, Doña Ana Co., mesa west of Organ Mtns., Standley 383 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. neomexicanus (Standley) Standley ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118.<br />

Cereus neomexicanus (Standley) Tidestrom 1941:298.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. neomexicanus* Weniger 1970:44 nom. inval.<br />

Note: This plant has been confused with <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei under the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. neomexicanus<br />

(Benson) and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus (Bravo 1991:24). It is probably a natural hybrid of E. rosei and E. chloranthus.<br />

Wilcoxia nerispina* Backeberg 1960:2078 nom. inval. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> schmollii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nicholii (Benson) Parfitt 1987:157-158 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii var. nicholii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nicholii subsp. llanuraensis Rutow 1995:61-71.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sonora, Guaymas, 300 m (ZSS # A 16936).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nigrispinus* Köhres Catalogue 1979 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nivosus Glass & Foster 1978a:18-19.<br />

TL: Mexico, Coahuila, Southwest of General Cepeda, pass 3 km north of El Cinco, Glass & Foster 3764, Feb. 1972 (POM).<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albatus* Backeberg is usually considered a synonym of this species.<br />

60


142. E. metornii (E. chisoensis<br />

var. fobeanus).<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

143. E. milleri* .<br />

145. E. mojavensis (E. coccineus). 146. E. mombergerianus (E. polyacanthus var. pacificus).<br />

147. E. morricalii (E. viereckii var. morricalii). 148. E. morricalii (E. viereckii var. morricalii).<br />

149. E. munzii (E. engelmannii var. munzii). 150. E. munzii (E. engelmannii var. munzii).<br />

61<br />

144. E. mojavensis (E. coccineus).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> noctiflorus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:1991 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cucumis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nocturniflorus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1960:1991 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cucumis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> nogalensis* Haage 1900:159 nom. nud.<br />

Note: Usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ochoterenae Ortega 1928:88-90.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sinaloa, near Concordia, Cerro de la Cobriza, J. G. Ortega, 24 May 1927 (MEXU?).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. ochoterenae (Ortega) Unger 1984:164.<br />

Note: Ortega described varieties “A” and “B”, but did not give them names.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> octacanthus (Mühlenpfordt) Britton & Rose 1922:13.<br />

basionym: Echinopsis octacantha Mühlenpfordt 1848:19.<br />

TL: Northern Texas (San Saba River according to Engelmann), Roemer.<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus octacanthus (Mühlenpfordt) Coulter 1896:395.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. octacanthus* Boissevain & Davidson 1940:39 nom. illegit.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. octacanthus* Mühlenpfordt ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118. nom. illegit.<br />

Note: The proper application of this name is uncertain. If it can be shown to be one of the members of the <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

coccineus group it would have priority since it was published first. This would cause considerable nomenclatural changes.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> oklahomensis Lahman 1950:128 (originally published in Lahman 1935:141 without Latin diagnosis).<br />

TL: Oklahoma, Wichita Mtns., Lahman (MO).<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> orcuttii Rose ex Orcutt 1926:4.<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja California, Cape Colset, Orcutt (?).<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ortegae Rose ex Ortega 1929:24.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sinaloa, Cuenca del Rio Tamazula, Sianori, 800 m.,Ortega (?).<br />

Note: Taylor (1993) lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus as a synonym of this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ortegae subsp. koehresianus (Frank) Rischer & Frank 1996:93 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus* Haage 1892:118 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Britton & Rose 1922:12.<br />

basionym: Cereus phoeniceus var. pacificus Engelmann ex Orcutt 1886:46.<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja California Norte, Rio San Carlos, Parry et al., 25 Jan. 1883 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Coulter 1896:397.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Taylor 1984:160.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus subsp. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Breckwoldt 1996:15.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> palmeri Britton & Rose 1922:34.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, hill near Cd. Chihuahua, E. Palmer 121, Apr. 1908 (US).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pamanesiorum Lau 1981:36-41.<br />

TL: Mexico, Zacatecas, Rio Huaynamota, bridge between Huejuquilla & San Juan Capistrano, Lau 1247 (MEXU).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pamanesiorum subsp. bonatzii (Römer) Römer 1997:45 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bonatzii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus Linke ex Rümpler 1885:783.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) Berger 1905:80.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) Benson 1969d:126.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) Benson 1976:59.<br />

Note: Benson uses the names <strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. angusticeps and <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri var. angusticeps for this plant.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus var. angusticeps (Clover) Marshall & Bock 1941:119 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> angusticeps.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus var. giganteus* Bailey 1941:270 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus var. rubescens Hildmann ex Schelle 1926:165.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri Taylor 1988:73.<br />

TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, between La Poza & Puerto de los Pastores, Hansen et al. 3863 (MEXU).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. parkeri* Seed list 1996 - British Cactus and Succulent Journal.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri var. gonzalezii Taylor 1988:74.<br />

TL: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Sierra de las Vacas, 4km northeast of San Jose d’Llano, 1750 m, Gonzalez Medrano 8515 (MEXU).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri var. mazapilensis* K. Neumann 1993 nom. prov. Kaktusblüte p. 55.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus (Engelmann) Loder 1882:445.<br />

basionym: Cereus paucispinus Engelmann 1856:285 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:34).<br />

TL: Texas, San Pedro River, Wright, 1849 (MO).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus* Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:794 nom. illegit.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. paucispinus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:117.<br />

62


151. E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus).<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

152. ?E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus).<br />

154. E. nicholii subsp. llanuraensis. 155. E. nicholii subsp. llanuraensis.<br />

158. E. nivosus.<br />

63<br />

156. E. nivosus.<br />

157. E. nivosus.<br />

153. ?E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

159. E. ochoterenae (E. subinermis var. ochoterenae). 160. “E. octacanthus”.<br />

162. “E. octacanthus”.<br />

165. E. pacificus<br />

(E. polyacanthus var. pacificus).<br />

161. “E. octacanthus”.<br />

164. E. ortegae.<br />

64<br />

163. E. oklahomensis<br />

(E. reichenbachii var. baileyi).<br />

166. E. pacificus<br />

(E. polyacanthus var. pacificus).


167. E. pacificus<br />

(E. polyacanthus var. pacificus).<br />

173. E. papillosus.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

168. E. palmeri. 169. E. palmeri.<br />

170. E. palmeri.<br />

171. E. pamanesiorum.<br />

172. E. papillosus. 174. E. parkeri.<br />

65<br />

175. E. parkeri.


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. paucispinus (Engelmann) Ferguson 1989:222.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus* Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:794 nom. illegit. (later homonym) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. flavispinus* Haage 1892:118 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. flavispinus* Walton 1899b:18 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. flavispinus Hort. ex Schelle 1926:178.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. fulvispinus Bowles 1908:28.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schumann 1897:281 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Schumann 1897:281 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hexaedrus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. nigrispinus Bowles 1908:28.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. triglochidiatus* Schumann 1897:281 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus (Scheidweiler) Engelmann 1848a:110.<br />

basionym: Echinocactus pectinatus Scheidweiler 1838:492.<br />

TL: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, Villa del Peñasco, Galeotti (?).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Echinopsis pectinata (Scheidweiler) Fennel 1843:282.<br />

Cereus pectinatus (Scheidweiler) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />

Note: Echinocactus pectiniferus is usually considered a synonym of this species. Backeberg lists <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cernosus* as a<br />

synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. adustus (mispelled adjustus)(Engelmann) Daul 1890:78 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus.<br />

Note: Usually ascribed to Schumann 1897:271.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. adustus (Engelmann) Voss 1894:378 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. adustus fa. castaneus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Schelle 1926:174 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus (Poselger) Poselger ex Rümpler 1885:818.<br />

basionym: Cereus pectinatus var. armatus Poselger 1853:134.<br />

TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, near Monterrey. Poselger (?).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

Cereus pectinatus var. spinosus* Coulter 1896:357.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinosus* Coulter ex Schelle 1926:174 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> armatus (Poselger) Poselger ex Backeberg & Knuth 1935:318.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. armatus (Poselger) Poselger ex Borg 1937:174.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. armatus (Poselger) Taylor 1985b:133.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii var. armatus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. bauerii Rother 1923:127.<br />

TL: (no type locality or type mentioned).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. bristolii (Marshall) Marshall 1956b:81-82 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bristolii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. caespitosus (Engelmann) Schumann 1897:272 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. candicans* Hort. ex Schelle 1907:132 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. castaneus (Engelmann) Daul 1890:78 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. castaneus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:50 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. centralis Coulter ex Schumann 1897:271 (error in determination) = Echinomastus centralis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. chloranthus* Haage 1892:118 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. chrysacanthus Schumann 1897:272.<br />

TL: Mexico.<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. chrysacanthus (Schumann) Schumann ex Borg 1937:174.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. crassispinus Rünge ex Mathsson 1890:465.<br />

TL: Mexico, Coahuila, Saltillo, Mathsson (?).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ctenoides* Hort. ex Schelle 1907:130 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ctenoides* Weniger 1971:31 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ctenoides (Engelmann) Weniger ex Frank 1991:135 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus subsp. ctenoides (Engelmann) Frank 1997:136 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ctenoides.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Haage 1892:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus* Earle 1971:80 nom. illegit. (later homonym) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. dasyacanthus* Taylor 1984:179 nom. illegit. (later homonym) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. grandicostatus* Schmoll ex Backeberg 1960:2043 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. grandis (Britton & Rose) Marshall 1955:68 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> grandis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. jamauvei *Fric ex Orcutt 1926:4 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> castaneus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. laevior* (Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde index 1912:56) nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. minor (Engelmann) Benson 1968:125 (for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. minor*) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. neomexicanus (Coulter) Benson 1944:256 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus*.<br />

Note: Benson uses this name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. ordustus* Lakerveld Catalogue. nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. pailanus* Schwarz ex Backeberg 1960:2043 nom. nud.<br />

66


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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

176. E. parkeri. 177. E. parkeri var. gonzalezii.<br />

178. E. parkeri var. gonzalezii. 179. E. paucispinus (E. coccineus). 180. E. pectinatus.<br />

181. E. pectinatus.<br />

182. E. pectinatus.<br />

184. E. pectinatus.<br />

67<br />

183. E. pectinatus.


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. pailensis* Bailey 1941:271 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rectispinus* Zimmerman 1993:277 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. rectispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Werdermann 1930:t. 5 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:818.<br />

basionym: Cereus pectinatus var. rigidissimus Engelmann 1856:279.<br />

TL: Arizona, Sierra Pajarito, Schott, 1855 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. robustior* Hort. ex Hirscht 1897:95 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus (Engelmann) Hort. ex F. A. Haage 1897, “special offer” catalogue p. 13.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> candicans* Runge ex Haage 1900:157 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustior* Britton & Rose 1922:28 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Marshall & Bock 1941:119.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:50.<br />

Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus Rose 1909a:293. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> nogalensis* is usually listed as a synonym of this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus fa. rigidissimus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:50 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. robustior* Hort. ex Hirscht 1897:95 pro syn. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. robustus Bauer ex Wittmack 1890:513.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sonora, Nogales.<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rotatus (Linke) Linke ex Haage 1892:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rotatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rubescens* Weniger 1970:21-22 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rubispinus Frank & Lau in Frank 1982:32-35.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cañon de Barbarocas, near Campito in Sierra Obscura, 1600-1800 m, Lau 088 (ZSS AA 18-30).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus var. rubispinus (Frank & Lau) Taylor 1984:175.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rungei* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:174 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rufispinus* Daul 1890:78 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rufispinus Schumann 1897:272.<br />

TL: Mexico.<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. rufispinus (Schumann) Schumann ex Borg 1951:221.<br />

Cereus pectinatus fa. rufispinus (Engelmann) Voss 1894:378 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rufispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. scopulorum (Britton & Rose) Marshall 1955:61 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scopulorum.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. sonorensis* (Kaktusy 1973 according to Evanich 1989:111).<br />

Cereus pectinatus var. spinosus* Coulter 1896:357 nom. illegit. (an unnecessary new name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. steereae* Rümpler ex Weniger 1970:32 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> steereae.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. tamaulipensis Fric ex Schelle 1926:174.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. tamaulipensis (Fric) Fric ex Borg 1937:174.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. texensis Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:817.<br />

TL: Texas.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. texensis* Hooker ex Schelle 1907:132 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. wenigeri Benson 1968:124.<br />

TL: Texas, Valverde Co., near Langtry, Benson 16,521 (POM 311,338) (•).<br />

Echinocactus pectiniferus Lemaire 1839:25.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Synonym:<br />

Cereus pectiniferus (Lemaire) Labouret 1853:320.<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus.<br />

Echinocactus pectiniferus var. laevior Monville ex Lemaire 1839:26.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Synonym:<br />

Echinopsis pectinata var. laevior (Monville ex Lemaire) Monville ex Förster 1846:365.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> penicilliformis Linke 1858 (of Bolivian origin and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pensilis (K. Brandegee) J. A. Purpus 1908:5.<br />

basionym: Cereus pensilis K. Brandegee 1904:192.<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja California Sur, Sierra de Laguna, T. S. Brandegee 246, Jan.-Feb. 1890 (UC).<br />

Synonym:<br />

Morangaya pensilis (K. Brandegee) Rowley 1974b:44-45.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus* Lemaire 1868:56 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus De Candolle ex Rümpler).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus (De Candolle) Lemaire ex Rümpler 1885:774.<br />

basionym: Cereus pentalophus De Candolle 1828:117.<br />

TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, near Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />

Synonym:<br />

Cereus propinquus* Hort. Genev. ex Walpers 1843:275 pro syn.<br />

68


187. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus<br />

(E. rigidissimus).<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

185. E. pectinatus. 186. E. pectinatus var. armatus (E. reichenbachii var. armatus).<br />

190. E. pectinatus var. rubispinus<br />

(E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus).<br />

189. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus<br />

(E. rigidissimus).<br />

191. E. pectinatus var. rubispinus<br />

(E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus).<br />

192. E. pectinatus var. wenigeri. 193. E.<br />

69<br />

pensilis. 194. E. pensilis.<br />

188. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus<br />

(E. rigidissimus).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. aureovariegatus* Ito 1952:134 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Backeberg 1960:2003 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ehrenbergii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. leonensis (Mathsson) Taylor 1985b:78 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leonensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. leptacanthus* Lemaire ex Rümpler 1885:775 nom. illegit. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> leptacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. procumbens (Engelmann) Fournier 1935:25 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens.<br />

Cereus pentalophus var. radicans DeCandolle1828:117.<br />

TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, near Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus propinquus* Hort. Genev. ex Walpers 1843:275 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. radicans* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. radicans* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see Cereus pentalophus var. radicans.<br />

Cereus pentalophus var. simplex De Candolle 1828:117.<br />

TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, near Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus propinquus* Salm Dyck ex Otto 1833:366 nom. nud.<br />

Cereus propinquus* De Candolle ex Walpers 1843:333 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> propinquus De Candolle ex Haage 1892:118.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. simplex* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. simplex* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see Cereus pentalophus var. simplex.<br />

Cereus pentalophus var. subarticulatus De Candolle 1828:117.<br />

TL: Hidalgo, near Zimapan, Coulter (?).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus propinquus var. subarticulatus* Pfeiffer ex Förster 1846:373 pro syn.<br />

Cereus leptacanthus De Candolle ex Salm-Dyck 1845:27.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> leptacanthus Gaillard 1864:209.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. subarticulatus* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. subarticulatus* Weniger 1970:51 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see Cereus pentalophus var. subarticulatus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentlandii (Hook.) Schumann = Echinopsis pentlandii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> perbellus Britton & Rose 1922:24-25.<br />

TL: Texas, Big Springs, Rose & Standley 12215, 23 Feb. 1910 (US 635015, 635016).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. perbellus (Britton & Rose) Benson 1969d:127.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. perbellus* Weniger 1970:23 nom. inval.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> persolutus Förster (from Peru and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phaeacanthus* Cactus & Succulent Journal (US) 1951:104 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:788 nom. illegit. = Cereus phoeniceus Engelmann 1856:284 (which was a new<br />

name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus Engelmann 1848:94).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. albispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:789.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. brevispinus Engelmann ex Schelle 1907:138 nom. nud.<br />

Cereus phoeniceus subsp. conoideus Engelmann 1857:37 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conoideus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. conoideus Schumann 1896:150 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conoideus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. densus Schelle 1907:138 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. inermis Schumann 1896:150 (see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. longispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:789.<br />

Cereus phoeniceus var. pacificus Engelmann ex Orcutt 1886:46 (see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. rufispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:789.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> phoeniceus* var. utahensis* Schelle 1907:138 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pleiogonus Croucher 1878:290.<br />

TL: unknown (perhaps an Echinopsis)<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pleiogonus* Labouret ex Rümpler 1885:828-829 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

basionym: Cereus pleiogonus Labouret 1853:317.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> plomosus* Köhres Catalogue 1984 nom. nud. (= Lau 768 from Plomosos, Sinaloa).<br />

Note: Usually considered a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> huitcholensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> policephalus* Daul 1890:78 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus Engelmann 1848a:104.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cosihuiriachi, Wislizenus, 1846 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus polyacanthus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. polyacanthus (Engelmann) Benson 1944:253.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. albispinus Hort. ex Schelle 1926:179.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. bergeanus Fobe 1911:56.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. bergeanus* Hort ex Schelle 1926:179 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. densus (Regel) Taylor 1984:159.<br />

70


198. E. perbellus<br />

(E. reichenbachii var. perbellus).<br />

203. E. polyacanthus(Lau 1581).<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

195. E. pentalophus. 196. E. pentalophus.<br />

197. E. pentalophus. 199. E. polyacanthus.<br />

200. E. polyacanthus (SB 191). 201. E. polyacanthus.<br />

202. E. polyacanthus (Lau 1581).<br />

71<br />

204. E. polyacanthus (Lau 1544).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

basionym: Echinopsis valida var. densa Regel 1852:295.<br />

Note: This is the name used by Taylor for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. galtieri (Rebut ex Fobe) Schelle 1926:179 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> galtieri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. huitcholensis (Weber) Taylor 1988:82 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> huitcholensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. longispinus Hort. ex Schelle 1926:179.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus subsp. mombergerianus (Frank) Breckwoldt & Matylewicz 1996:15 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mombergerianus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. neomexicanus* Weniger 1970:44 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> neomexicanus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. nigrispinus Fobe 1911:55.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. nigrispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:179 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Taylor 1984:160 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus subsp. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Breckwoldt in Breckwoldt & Matylewicz 1996:15<br />

see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. rosei* Weniger 1970:43 nom. inval. (no basionym given) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. rufispinus Fobe 1911:55-56.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. rufispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:179 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* Blanc 1888:39 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* Hort. Berol. ex Haage 1900:160 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* var. albispinus Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* var. brevinigrispinus Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* var. nigrispinus Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus* var. spinosissimus Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polycephalus var. xphoeniceus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polypus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgeri Lemaire 1868:57.<br />

TL: Texas, near Rio Grande River, above Bellville, Poselger, 1850 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus tuberosus* Poselger 1853:131 nom. illegit. (later homonym) (not Cereus tuberosus Pfeiffer 1837).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tuberosus* Rümpler 1885:783 nom. illegit.<br />

Cereus poselgeri Coulter 1896:398.<br />

Wilcoxia poselgeri (Lemaire) Britton & Rose 1909:434.<br />

Wilcoxia tuberosa* Berger 1929:134 nom. illegit.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgeri subsp. kroenleinii (Cartier) Lange 1995:138 see Wilcoxia kroenleinii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgerianus Linke 1857:239.<br />

TL: Mexico.<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus poselgerianus (Linke) Berger 1905:80.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> blanckii var. poselgerianus (Linke) Backeberg 1960:1999.<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> berlandieri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> primolanatus* Schwarz ex Backeberg 1960:2043 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> primolanatus Taylor 1985b:130.<br />

TL: Mexico, Coahuila, Sierra Paila, north of Estacion Marte, cultivated by D. Parker, 1985 (K).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> primolanatus* Schwarz ex Backeberg 1960:2043 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> princeps Förster 1861:163.<br />

TL: unknown (Of unknown origin and perhaps from South America, in which case it would not be an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens* Lemaire 1868:56 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens Engelmann ex Rümpler).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Seitz 1870:11.<br />

basionym: Cereus procumbens Engelmann 1849:50.<br />

TL: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Burita at mouth of Rio Grande, St. Louis Volunteers, 1846 (MO).<br />

Synonym (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. procumbens (Engelmann) Fournier 1935:25.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens var. gracilior Dautw. ex Schelle 1926:165<br />

TL: unknown<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens var. longispinus Hort. ex Hirscht 1902:135.<br />

TL: unknown<br />

Cereus propinquus Salm-Dyck ex Otto 1833:366 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. simplex.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> propinquus De Candolle ex Haage 1892:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. simplex.<br />

Cereus propinquus var. subarticulatus* Pfeiffer ex Förster 1846:373 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus var. subarticulatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pseudohempelii* Kuenzler Cat. nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> kuenzleri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pseudopectinatus (Taylor) Taylor 1989:74.<br />

basionym: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> bristolii var. pseudopectinatus Taylor 1985b:120.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sonora, Moctezuma, Lau 607, 1973, cultivated by N. P. Taylor, 21 June 1984 (K) (•).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pubellus* Cactus & Succulent Journal (US) 7:5 1936 nom. nud.<br />

72


205. E. poselgeri.<br />

208. E. primolanatus.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

206. E. primolanatus.<br />

210. ?E. procumbens (E. pentalophus).<br />

211. E. pseudopectinatus. 212. E. pseudopectinatus.<br />

213. E. pulchellus. 214. E. pulchellus.<br />

73<br />

207. E. primolanatus.<br />

209. E. procumbens (E. pentalophus).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Echinopsis pulchella var. flore kermesina Haage ex Förster 1846:364 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus.<br />

Echinopsis pulchella var. rosea* Labouret 1853:292 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus (Martius) Förster ex Seitz 1870:11.<br />

basionym: Echinocactus pulchellus Martius 1832:342.<br />

TL: Mexico, Hidalgo, Pachuca, Karwinsky (?).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus pulchellus Pfeiffer 1837:74.<br />

Echinonyctanthus pulchellus (Martius) Lemaire 1839:85.<br />

Echinopsis pulchella (Martius) Zuccarini ex Förster 1846:363.<br />

Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus Schumann 1894:185.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. acanthosetus Arias & Guzmán. In: Arias Montes et al. 1997:63.<br />

TL: Mexico, Oaxaca, between Magdalen Jicotán and Tepelmeme de Morelos, Arias et al. 956, 29 Oct. 1991 (MEXU) (•).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. amoenus (Dietrich) Förster ex Schumann 1897:253 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. sharpii Taylor 1989:75-77.<br />

TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, near San Roberto, 1900 m, 24º50´N 100º25´W, Gonzalez G., 1985 (seed), cult. N. P. Taylor, 4 May 1988 (K).<br />

Note: This plant had been considered by some to be a white-flowered form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> amoenus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. weinbergii (Weingart) Taylor 1985a:272 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> weinbergii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> purpureus Lahman 1935:141-143.<br />

TL: Oklahoma, near Medicine Park, Lahman (MO).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. purpureus* Weniger 1970:23 nom. inval.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> radians Engelmann 1848a:104.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cosihuiriachi, Wislizenus, 1846 (MO).<br />

Synonym:<br />

Cereus adustus var. radians (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> raphicephalus Förster 1861:164.<br />

TL: unknown (Of unknown origin and perhaps from South America, in which case it would not be an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rayonesensis Taylor 1988:75-76.<br />

TL: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Rayones, Lau 1101 (K).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> barkeana* Heyer 1989:25 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rectispinus Peebles 1938:675.<br />

TL: Arizona, hills near Nogales, 3900 ft., Peebles SF 905 (US 1729266).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. rectispinus (Peebles) Benson 1944:259.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus var. rectispinus* Benson 1969d:131 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rectispinus var. robustus Peebles 1938:675 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustus Peebles.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachianus* Linke 1857:83 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachianus Hort. ex Haage1859:20 (see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii).<br />

basionym: Echinocactus reichenbachianus (Terscheck) Terscheck ex Fennel 1843:282 (Terscheck, Verzeichnis 3. According to<br />

Schumann 1897:271).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Echinopsis pectinata var. reichenbachiana (Terscheck) Salm-Dyck 1845:26.<br />

Cereus reichenbachianus (Terscheck) Labouret 1853:318.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachianus* Engelmann ex Haage1893:23.<br />

Note: see note under <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachianus* Engelmann ex Haage1893:23 (according to Index Kewensis 2:813) nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

Cereus reichenbachianus var. castaneus (Engelmann) Labouret 1853:319 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. castaneus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Haage Jr. ex Britton & Rose 1922:25.<br />

basionym: Echinocactus reichenbachii Terscheck ex Walpers 1843:320 (Terscheck, Verzeichnis 2. According to Schumann 1897:452).<br />

TL: Mexico.<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walpers) Werdermann 1930:t. 5.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. reichenbachii* Ters. ex Borg 1937:174 nom. illegit.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus var. candicans* Hort. ex Borg 1937:174 pro syn.<br />

Note: Since Terscheck’s original publication has not been found there is confusion concerning whether the two names<br />

Echinocactus reichenbachii and Echinocactus reichenbachianus refer to the same plant. The name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii is<br />

usually applied to <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus, although this is uncertain since the original description of Echinocactus reichenbachii<br />

did not have a description of the plant’s flower, and no collector or exact type locality is listed. Benson (1982:946)<br />

designated Palmer 511, near Saltillo, Mexico, 10 Apr. 1905 (US 570013) as the neotype. Unless someone is able to<br />

locate a copy of Terscheck’s original publication questions will remain concerning the proper use of this name.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albertii Benson 1969d:127.<br />

TL: Texas, Jim Wells Co., near Alice, Benson 16,550 (POM 317080).<br />

Synonym (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii var. albertii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />

74


218. E. radians (E. adustus).<br />

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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

215. E. pulchellus var. sharpii. 216. E. pulchellus var. sharpii.<br />

217. E. purpureus (E. reichenbachii).<br />

220. E. rayonesensis. 221. E. rayonesensis.<br />

75<br />

219. ?E. radians (E. adustus).<br />

222. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus). 223. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> melanocentrus* Lowry 1936:20 is usually considered a synonym of this variety.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albiflorus* Seela 1940:92 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albispinus (Lahman) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus.<br />

Note: Benson uses this name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. anigosanthus* Ito 1981 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. armatus (Poselger) Taylor 1985b:133 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. aureiflorus* Seela 1940:92 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. baileyi (Rose) Taylor 1985b:133 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. baileyi fa. albispinus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> albispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. caespitosus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. chisoensis (Marshall) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chisoensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. fitchii (Britton & Rose) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. perbellus (Britton & Rose) Benson 1969d:127 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> perbellus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichii Fric (from Chile, and therefore not an <strong>Echinocereus</strong>).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidispinus* Engelmann ex Haage 1893:28 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus Hort. ex F. A. Haage 1897:13 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus* Rose 1909a:293 nom. illegit. (later homonym) see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rigidissimus var. rubispinus (Frank & Lau) Taylor 1984:175 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rubispinus Frank & Lau 1982:32-35.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ritteri* Haage 1958:182 nom. nud. (a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustior* Britton & Rose 1922:28 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rigidissimus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> robustus (Peebles) Peebles 1940:219.<br />

basionym: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rectispinus var. robustus Peebles 1938:675.<br />

TL: Arizona, Pima Co. between Tucson & Sabino Canyon, Peebles SF896, 27 Aug. 1935 (US 1729267).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri var. robustus* Benson 1944:259 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

Note: This plant is usually treated as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roemeri* Lemaire 1868:56 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roemeri (Engelmann) Hort. ex Haage 1859:20.<br />

basionym: Cereus roemeri Engelmann 1849:50 (not Mühlenpfordt) (•).<br />

TL: Texas, granitic region of the Llano, Lindheimer, 1847 (MO).<br />

Note: Usually listed as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> roemeri Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:792.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roemeri*(Mühlenpfordt) Rydberg 1906:146 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

basionym: Cereus roemeri Mühlenpfordt 1848:19 (not Engelmann).<br />

TL: Northern Texas, Roemer (?).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:829-830.<br />

basionym: Cereus roetteri Engelmann 1856:345 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:33, t. 41, fig. 3-5).<br />

TL: Texas, stony hills near Frontera (El Paso), Wright, 1851 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus dasyacanthus var. minor* Engelmann 1856:278.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. minor (Engelmann) Benson 1968:125.<br />

Note: This plant is probably a natural hybrid.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roetteri var. lloydii (Britton & Rose) Backeberg 1960:2027 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> lloydii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roseanus* Backeberg 1960:2071 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei Wooten & Standley 1915:457.<br />

TL: New Mexico, Doña Ana Co., hills near Agricultural College (Las Cruces), Standley 1235, 1907 (US 535093).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. rosei (Wooten & Standley) Marshall 1950:63.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> roseanus* Backeberg 1960:2071 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus var. rosei* Weniger 1970:44 nom. inval.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. neomexicanus fa. rosei Blum 1990:12 pro syn.<br />

Note: This plant is often listed under the name <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. neomexicanus, the type of which is probably<br />

a natural hybrid.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei var. jarillensis* Kuenzler Cat. nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rotatus Linke 1858:85.<br />

TL: South Texas.<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. rotatus (Linke) Linke ex Haage 1892:118.<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rubescens Dams 1905:92-93.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Note: This plant is often considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rufispinus Engelmann 1848a:104-105.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cosihuiriachi, Wislizenus, 1846 (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus rufispinus (Engelmann)Engelmann 1849:50.<br />

Cereus pectinatus fa. rufispinus (Engelmann) Voss 1894:378.<br />

76


228. E. reichenbachii.<br />

230. E. reichenbachii var. albertii<br />

(E. reichenbachii var. fichtii).<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

226. E. reichenbachii.<br />

224. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus). 225. E. reichenbachii.<br />

227. E. reichenbachii.<br />

229. E. reichenbachii.<br />

77<br />

232. E. robustus (E. fasciculatus).<br />

231. E. robustus (E. fasciculatus).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

233. E. roemeri (E. coccineus). 234. E. roetteri (E. coccineus x E. dasyacanthus).<br />

235. E. roetteri (see 234). 236. E. rosei (E. coccineus).<br />

237. E. rosei (E. coccineus). 238. E. russanthus.<br />

239. E. russanthus. 240. E. russanthus.<br />

78


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

242. E. russanthus var. fiehnii.<br />

241. E. russanthus var. fiehnii. 243. E. salm-dyckianus (E. scheeri).<br />

244. E. salm-dyckianus (E. scheeri). 245. E. salmianus (E. scheeri).<br />

246. ?E. sanborgianus (E. brandegeei). 247. E. sanpedroensis.<br />

79


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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> rungei Schumann 1895:124 (this is a new name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> texensis* Runge)<br />

basionym: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> texensis* Runge 1894:61 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

TL: Texas, Runge (?).<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> papillosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> runyonii Orcutt 1926:5.<br />

TL: Texas, mouth of Rio Grande River, Orcutt 1048, 1924 (?).<br />

Note: This plant is probably the same as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus Weniger 1969:41-42.<br />

TL: Texas, Brewster Co., Christmas Mtns., Weniger 712 (UNM).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. russanthus (Weniger) Lamb ex Rowley 1974:7.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. russanthus (Weniger) Leuck 1980:34.<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. vulpis-cauda* is probably a synonym of this species.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. cowperi* Hort. (= HK 1287, from Cooks Range, Luna County, New Mexico).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. fiehnii Trocha 1997:65-69.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cañon de Santa Clara, Sierra del Nido, Lau 1076 (Universität Hamburg No. 1066).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. finnii* Köhres Catalogue 1981 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> finnii* Hort. ex Taylor 1985: 101 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fiehnii* Lau 1992:74.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. finnii* Köhres Catalogue 1981 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. fiehnii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. neocapillus* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. neocapillus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. vulpis-cauda* Köhres Catalogue 1981 nom. nud. (see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. vulpis-cauda*).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. weedinii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. weedinii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus Scheer 1856:291.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua.<br />

Synonym:<br />

Cereus salm-dyckianus (Scheer) Hemsley 1880:545.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus subsp. bacanorensis Rischer & Trocha 1998:3-10.<br />

TL: Sonora, near Bacanora, Trocha AX18239 (ZSS).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus var. gracilior* Haage 1900:161 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus var. gracilior Hort. ex Schelle 1926:163.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus var. noctiflorus Heid 1944:27.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Cerocauhui, R. T. Craig (CA 305550).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus subsp. obscuriensis Blum 1994:79-83 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. obscuriensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salmianus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:809.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Synonym:<br />

Cereus salmianus (Hort. ex Rümpler) Weber in Bois 1894:279.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> saltillensis* Mats. ex Haage 1900:161 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanborgianus (Coulter) Schumann 1897:174.<br />

basionym: Cereus sanborgianus Coulter 1896:391.<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja California, rocky table lands south of San Borja, Gabb 9, 1867 (MO).<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> brandegeei.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sandersii Orcutt 1926:5.<br />

TL: California, Black Canyon, Providence Mtns. 5000 ft., Gibson & Sanders, 1925 (?).<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sangre de christo Schumann 1897:278.<br />

TL: Mexico, near Pachuca.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanguineus Blanc 1890:58.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

Note: Probably a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanpedroensis Raudonat & Rischer 1995:88-97.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sonora, Rancho San Pedro, Rischer, May 1995 (ZSS).<br />

Note: The authors list <strong>Echinocereus</strong> subterraneus* Backeberg as a synonym of this plant.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sarissophorus Britton & Rose 1922:38-39.<br />

TL: Mexico, Coahuila, near Saltillo, Palmer 100, Apr. 1898 (US).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri* Lemaire 1868:57 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri Salm-Dyck ex Scheer).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri (Salm-Dyck) Salm-Dyck ex Scheer 1856:291.<br />

basionym: Cereus scheeri Salm-Dyck 1850:190-191.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Potts (?).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schlini* Britton & Rose 1922:43 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. australis* Taylor 1988:80 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus.<br />

80


252. E. scheeri.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

248. E. sanpedroensis. 249. E. sarissophorus (E. enneacanthus).<br />

250. E. scheeri. 251. E. scheeri.<br />

253. E. scheeri.<br />

255. E. scheeri var. koehresianus (E. ortegae).<br />

81<br />

254. E. scheeri var. koehresianus<br />

(E. ortegae).


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. compactus* Hort. ex Haage 1900:161 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. gentryi (Clover) Taylor 1984:154 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gentryi.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. gentryi cultivar ‘Cucumis’ (Clover) Taylor 1984:155 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cucumis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. gracilior Hildmann ex Schelle 1926:162.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. koehresianus Frank 1988:186-189.<br />

TL: Mexico, Durango, between El Carrizo & Loberas, Lau 1143 (ZSS).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> koehresianus* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:80 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> koehresii* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:80 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. australis* Taylor 1988:80 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> ortegae subsp. koehresianus (Frank) Rischer & Frank 1996:93.<br />

Note: Taylor (1993) lists this variety as a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ortegae.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. major Rother 1905:175.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. minor Rother 1905:175.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. nigrispinus* Scheer 1856:291 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. obscuriensis Lau 1989:34-36.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Sierra Obscura, Lau 091 (ZSS).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus subsp. obscuriensis (Lau) Blum 1994:79.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri var. robustior Hort. ex Schelle 1926:162.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schereri Frank 1990a:154-159.<br />

TL: Mexico, Durango, near Las Minas, Rio Nazas, Scherer 123 (ZSS).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schlechterdalii* Britton & Rose 1922:302 (error for Echinocactus schlechtendalii).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schlini* Britton & Rose 1922:43 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schmollii (Weingart) Taylor 1985b:140.<br />

basionym: Cereus schmollii Weingart 1931:251-252.<br />

TL: Mexico, Queretero, F. Schmoll (?).<br />

Synonym:<br />

Wilcoxia schmollii (Weingart) Backeberg 1935, Blätter für Kakteenforschung 2(11):93.<br />

Note: Wilcoxia nerispina* Backeberg 1960:2078 nom. inval. is usually considered a synonym of this species.<br />

Wilcoxia schmollii var. lanata* Cartier 1980, Succulentes 2(4):8 nom. inval.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schwarzii* Backeberg 1960:2032 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> radians.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> schwarzii Lau 1982:27-29.<br />

TL: Mexico, Durango, near Guenacevi, 1800-2100 m, Lau 1305 (POM).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> adustus var. schwarzii (Lau)Taylor 1985a:268.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sciurus (K. Brandegee) K. Brandegee ex Dams 1904:130.<br />

basionym: Cereus sciurus K. Brandegee 1904:192.<br />

TL: Mexico, Baja California Sur, hills near San Jose del Cabo, T. S. Brandegee, Apr. 1897 (UC).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> sciurus var. floresii (Backeberg) Taylor 1985b:115 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> floresii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scopulorum Britton & Rose 1922:30-31.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sonora, near Guaymas, Rose et al. 12570, 10 Mar. 1910 (US).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. scopulorum (Britton & Rose) Marshall 1955:61.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> serpentinus Lemaire = Nyctocereus serpentinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> setosus* Hort. ex Taylor 1988:76 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> freudenbergeri.<br />

Cereus similis* Regel & Klein 1860:29 (see Hemsley 1880:546) nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

TL: Mexico, Karwinsky (?) (this is not found on the page given by Hemsley. Perhaps it is the same as Cereus similis Meinshausen<br />

1858 in Wochenschrift für Gärtnerei und Pflanzenkunde 1:29).<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spachianus Rümpler = Echinopsis spachiana.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinibarbis Salm-Dyck = Eulychnia spinibarbis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinibarbis* Haage 1900:161 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinibarbis* Hildmann ex Fobe 1911:58 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinigemmatus Lau 1984:248-250.<br />

TL: Mexico, Jalisco, near San Andres Cohamiata, 1600 m, Lau 1246, 25 Apr. 1974 (ZSS AA18-48).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinosissimus Walton 1899a:162.<br />

TL: El Paso, Texas.<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> spinosus* Coulter ex Schelle 1926:174 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> splendens Lemaire = Nyctocereus splendens.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> standleyi Britton & Rose 1922:24.<br />

82


257. E. scheeri var. obscuriensis.<br />

259. E. schereri.<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

256. E. scheeri var. obscuriensis.<br />

260. E. schmollii.<br />

262. E. schwarzii (E. adustus var. schwarzii).<br />

263. E. sciurus. 264. E. sciurus.<br />

83<br />

258. E. schereri.<br />

261. E. schmollii.


CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

TL: New Mexico, Sacramento Mtns.,100 miles north of El Paso, S. L. Pattison (US).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. standleyi (Britton & Rose) Orcutt ex Weniger 1969:37.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> steereae Clover 1938:565-567.<br />

TL: Texas, Chisos Mtns., Mrs Lois Steere (MICH).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus var. steereae (Clover) Marshall 1945:115.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. steereae* Rümpler ex Weniger 1970:32 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus Marshall 1938:159-160.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sonora, Mountain facing Rancho Guirocoba, 5000 ft., Bristol & Marshall, 19 Mar. 1935 (DS 251176).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subterraneus* Hort. ex Bailey 1941:271 pro. syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus var. tayopensis (Marshall) Taylor 1985a:258 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> tayopensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus subsp. tayopensis (Marshall) Pichler 1994:103-106 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> tayopensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Seitz 1870:11.<br />

basionym: Cereus stramineus Engelmann 1856:282 (fuller description Engelmann 1859:35, t. 46).<br />

TL: Texas, Mtns. near El Paso, Wright, 1851 (MO).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> enneacanthus var. stramineus (Engelmann) Benson 1969d:127.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. conglomeratus (Blanc) Bravo 1974:47 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> conglomeratus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. major* Schelle 1907:136 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. major-aureispinus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. occidentalis Taylor 1988:70-71.<br />

TL: Mexico, Durango, southeast of La Cuesta, 140 km north of city of Durango, on volcanic rocks, 1400-1450 m, N.P. Taylor<br />

240b, 1 Jul. 1986 (MEXU).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. parkeri* Seed list 1996 - British Cactus and Succulent Journal, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. ruberrimus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stramineus var. spinarosus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> strausianus Haage ex Quehl 1900:70-71.<br />

TL: Texas.<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. cylindricus.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> strigosus Lemaire = Echinopsis strigosa.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis Salm-Dyck ex Scheer 1856:291.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Potts (?).<br />

Synonym:<br />

Cereus subinermis (Salm-Dyck ex Scheer) Hemsley 1880:546.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. aculeatus Unger 1984:164.<br />

TL: Mexico, Chihuahua, Rio Batopilas near La Bufa, 700 m, Unger, 1980 (ZSS AA50-70).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. lentus* Heyer 1989:26 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> morricalii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. luteus (Britton & Rose) Knuth in Backeberg & Knuth 1935:312 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> luteus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis fa. luteus (Britton & Rose) Krainz 1967:51 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> luteus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subinermis var. ochoterenae Unger 1984:164 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ochoterenae.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subterraneus* Hort. ex Bailey 1941:271 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> subterraneus* Backeberg 1960:2012 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />

TL: Mexico (cfr. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanpedroensis).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tamaulipensis* Fric 1926:441 nom. nud. (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. tamaulipensis).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tamaulipensis (Werdermann) Lange 1995:139-140.<br />

basionym: Wilcoxia tamaulipensis Werdermann 1938:86.<br />

TL: Mexico, Southern Coahuila, Hummel s.n. (B).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tamaulipensis subsp. deherdtii Lange 1995:140-141.<br />

TL: Mexico, Coahuila, El Sol, JE (Herbarium Hauskneckt Jena).<br />

Note: Considered by some to be a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> waldeisii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tamaulipensis subsp. waldeisii (Haugg) Lange 1995:142, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> waldeisii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tayopensis Marshall 1956a:78-80.<br />

TL: Mexico, Sonora, Rancho Saucito, between Bacadehuachi & Nacori Chico, 3500 ft., 29º42’N 109º04’W, D. Gold & H.<br />

Sanchez-Mejorada (DES).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus var. tayopensis (Marshall) Taylor 1985a:258.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> stoloniferus subsp. tayopensis (Marshall) Pichler 1994:103-106.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> texensis Jacobi 1856:110 (not Runge 1894).<br />

TL: Texas.<br />

Note: This plant is usually considered a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> texensis* Runge 1894:61-62 nom. illegit. (later homonym), see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rungei.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> thurberi (Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 3:153) error for Cereus thurberi.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> toroweapensis (Fischer) Fuersch 1993:266-268 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. toroweapensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> townsendianus* Heyer 1989:26 nom. nud. (a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> floresii).<br />

84


265. E. scopulorum.<br />

269. E. spinigemmatus.<br />

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266. E. scopulorum.<br />

268. E. spinigemmatus.<br />

270. E. standleyi (E. viridiflorus).<br />

274. E. stramineus.<br />

85<br />

267. E. spinibarbis*<br />

(E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii).<br />

271. ?E. standleyi (E. viridiflorus).<br />

272. E. stoloniferus. 273. E. stoloniferus.


275. E. stramineus.<br />

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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

276. E. stramineus.<br />

277. E. stramineus. 278. E. stramineus (Forma).<br />

86<br />

279. E. stramineus var. occidentalis.<br />

280. E. subinermis. 281. E. subinermis var. aculeatus (E. subinermis).<br />

282. E. tamaulipensis (E. poselgeri). 283. E. tamaulipensis (E. poselgeri). 284. E. tamaulipensis subsp. deherdtii.


286. E. triglochidiatus.<br />

290. E. tulensis<br />

(E. cinerascens var. tulensis).<br />

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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

285. E. tayopensis (E. stoloniferus var. tayopensis).<br />

291. E. viereckii.<br />

293. E. viridiflorus. 294. E. viridiflorus var. correllii.<br />

87<br />

287. E. triglochidiatus var. gurneyi<br />

(E. coccineus).<br />

288. E. triglochidiatus var. gurneyi (E. coccineus). 289. E. triglochidiatus var. toroweapensis.<br />

292. E. viereckii.


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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> thwaitesii* Schumann 1897:290 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> trichacanthus Rümpler 1885:799.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> trichacanthus Engelmann ex Haage 1893:23 = Cephalocereus nobilis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus Engelmann 1848a:93.<br />

TL: New Mexico, Wolf Creek, Wislizenus (MO).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus triglochidiatus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus var. triglochidiatus* Schumann 1897:281 nom. illegit.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. acifer (Jacobi) Bravo 1978:66 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. arizonicus (Orcutt) Benson 1969a:21 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. coccineus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:117 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Boissevain 1940:36 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> gonacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. gurneyi Benson 1969d:126.<br />

TL: Texas, Brewster Co., igneous rocks south of Marathon, Correll & Benson 16,488 (POM).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. gurneyi (Benson) Heil & Brack 1988:26.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. inermis Arp 1973:132-133 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. hexaedrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Boissevain 1940:36 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hexaedrus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus (Engelmann) Benson 1944:254 see Cereus coccineus var. melanacanthus.<br />

Note: This is the name used by Benson for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus fa. inermis* Alabaster 1994:105 nom. inval. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Benson 1944:255 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. mojavensis fa. inermis (Schumann) Ferguson 1989:219 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. multicostatus (Cels ex Rümpler) Marshall 1953:67 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> multicostatus Cels ex Rümpler 1885:834.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. neomexicanus (Standley) Standley ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> neomexicanus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. neomexicanus fa. rosei* Blum 1990:12. pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. octacanthus* Mühlenpfordt ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118 nom. inval. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> octacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. pacificus (Engelmann ex Orcutt) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. paucispinus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Marshall & Bock 1941:118 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. polyacanthus (Engelmann) Benson 1944:253 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> polyacanthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. rosei (Wooten & Standley) Marshall 1950:63 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus var. toroweapensis Fischer 1991:195.<br />

TL: Arizona, Mohave Co.,Toroweap Point, 1340 m, P.C. Fischer 7196 (ARIZ).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> toroweapensis (Fischer) Fuersch 1993:266-268.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochititus* Engelm. ex Haage 1900:162. nom. nud. (probably an error in spelling for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> trockyi* Fric 1918(8) (in advertisement) nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tuberculatus* Hort. ex Haage 1900:162 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tuberosus* Poselger ex Rümpler 1885:783 nom. illegit. = Cereus tuberosus Poselger 1853:135 non Pfeiffer see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> poselgeri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tulensis Bravo 1973:110-111.<br />

TL: Mexico, Tamaulipas, 1 km south of Tula Junction on highway between Huizache & Juamave, Sanchez-Mejorada 2085, 4 May<br />

1973 (MEXU).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens var. tulensis (Bravo) Taylor 1988:69.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> twaitesii* Hort. ex Haage 1892:119 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> uehri Blanc 1888:40.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> undulatus* Hildmann ex Schumann 1895:124 pro syn. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> uspenskii Blanc 1888:40.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> uspenskii* Haage 1900:162 nom. illegit. (later homonym).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> utahensis* Köhres Catalogue 1984 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> vatteri* Botzenhart Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 1968:front cover nom. nud. (cfr. <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viereckii).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viereckii Werdermann 1934:188-189.<br />

TL: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Mtns. between Juamave & Cd. Victoria, 1500-2000 m.<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> vatteri* is probably a synonym of this plant.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viereckii var. morricalii (Riha) Taylor 1985b:93 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> morricalii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> virickii* White 1948:288 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus Engelmann 1848a:91.<br />

TL: New Mexico,Wolf Creek, Wislizenus 514 (MO 2016902).<br />

Synonyms:<br />

Cereus viridiflorus (Engelmann) Engelmann 1849:50.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> labouretii* Förster ex Rümpler 1885:811 pro syn.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. centrispinus* Bailey 1941:271 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. chloranthus (Engelmann) Backeberg 1960:2015 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus.<br />

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295. E. viridiflorus var. correllii. 296. E. viridiflorus var. cylindricus. 297. E. viridiflorus var. cylindricus.<br />

298. E. viridiflorus var. weedinii. 300. E. websterianus.<br />

299. E. waldeisii. 301. E. websterianus. 302. E. websterianus.<br />

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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus fa. chloranthus (Engelmann) Krainz 1967:51 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. chrysacanthus* 1907:129 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. correllii Benson 1969d:128.<br />

TL: Texas, Brewster Co., above Ft. Peña Colorada, 4 miles south of Marathon, 4100 ft., Benson & Correll 16485, 4 Apr. 1965<br />

(POM 317079) (•).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. cylindricus (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Rümpler 1885:812.<br />

basionym: Cereus viridiflorus var. cylindricus Engelmann 1856:278.<br />

TL: Texas, Valley of Limpia Creek, Wright, 11 June 1851 (MO 2016904).<br />

Synonym (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. cylindricus (Engelmann) Taylor 1984:169.<br />

Note: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> strausianus is usually considered a synonym of this variety.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. davisii (Houghton) Marshall & Bock 1941:119 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> davisii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus fa. davisii (Houghton) Krainz 1967:51 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> davisii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. elongatus* Hort. ex Backeberg 1962:3847 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. faciliflorus* Hildmann ex Schelle 1907:129 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. gracilispinus Hort. ex Rümpler 1885:814.<br />

TL: unknown.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. intermedius* Backeberg 1960:2015 nom. inval. (no type designated).<br />

Note: This plant is said to be from Texas.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. longispinus* Schelle 1907:129 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. major* Maas 1906:142 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. minor* Engelmann ex Weniger 1970:14 nom. nud. see Cereus viridiflorus var. minor*.<br />

Cereus viridiflorus var. minor* Engelmann 1856:278 (a new name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. viridiflorus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. montanus* Kuenzler Catalogue nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. neocapillus Leuck 1980:35-36 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. neocapillus (the validity of this publication<br />

is questionable).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. ruberissimus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. rubrus* Fric 1924:121 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. russanthus (Weniger) Leuck 1980:34 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus (the validity of this publication is questionable).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. sanguineus* Rgl. ex Schelle 1907:129 nom. nud. (perhaps the same as <strong>Echinocereus</strong> sanguineus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. standleyi (Britton & Rose) Orcutt ex Weniger 1969:37 see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> standleyi.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. tuberculosus* Orcutt 1926:4 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. tubulosus* Heller 1900:8 nom. illegit.<br />

basionym: Cereus viridiflorus var. tubulosus* Coulter 1896:383 (a new name for <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiforus var. cylindricus).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. weedinii Leuck 1980:37-39 (the validity of this publication is questionable).<br />

TL: Texas, Jeff Davis Co., top of Timber Mtn., 6400 ft., Leuck & Weedin 193, 13 May 1978 (OKL).<br />

Synonyms (•):<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. weedinii* Mesa Garden Seed Catalogue 1996 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus subsp. weedinii* Höchstätter Seed List 1997 nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> waldeisii Haugg 1994:6.<br />

TL: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, west of Tula, Huizache, D. Waldeis, 1988 (WU).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> tamaulipensis subsp. waldeisii (Haugg) Lange 1995:142.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> webeserii* Pavey 1979:n.p. nom. nud. (apparently a form of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> baileyi).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> websterianus Lindsay 1947:153.<br />

TL: Mexico, Gulf of California, San Pedro Nolasco Is., Lindsay & Bool 498, 25 Feb. 1947 (DS 314191).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> weinbergii Weingart 1912:83.<br />

TL: North America (this plant has been relocated near Sombrerete, Zacatecas, Mexico).<br />

Synonym:<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. weinbergii (Weingart) Taylor 1985a:272.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> weinbergii var. albispinus* Hort. ex Schelle 1926:175 nom. nud.<br />

*<strong>Echinocereus</strong> whipplei var. heilii (spelling error for Echinocactus whipplei).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> winterianus* Kunzmann 1985:79. nom. nud.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> zuniensis* Eng. & Big. ex Haage & Schmidt 1918 nom. nud., in advertisement opposite p. 74 Monatsschrift für<br />

Kakteenkunde 28(7) (probably a synonym of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis var. zuniensis).<br />

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303. E. websterianus. 304. E. weinbergii (E. pulchellus var. weinbergii).<br />

305. E. weinbergii (E. pulchellus var. weinbergii). 306. E. apachensis.<br />

307. E. apachensis. 308. E. carmenensis.<br />

309. E. carmenensis. 310. E. santaritensis.<br />

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Addenda<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> acifer subsp. tubiflorus Rischer in Blum et al. 1998:404.<br />

TL: Mexico: Zacatecas - Durango border: Sierra de los Huitcholes, San Juan Capistrano, W. Rischer 017, Apr. 1990, 2580 m<br />

[ZSS AX 17983].<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> apachensis Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:101.<br />

TL: Arizona, Maricopa Co., Apache Trail, near Fish Creek, Mc Kelvey 735, 18 Feb. 1929 [US 1532949]<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> arizonicus subsp. nigrihorridispinus Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:365.<br />

TL: New Mexico: Luna County, west of Deming, 1500 - 1800 m , HK 1054 [ZSS AX 17982]<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> bristolii subsp. floresii (Backeberg) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:348, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> floresii .<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> carmenensis Blum, Lange & Scherer in Blum et al. 1998:221.<br />

TL: Mexico: Coahuila: Sierra del Carmen, 1500 - 1700 m , W. Blum cult ex SB 1476, May 1987 [ZSS A 17986]<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus subsp. cylindricus (Engelmann) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 19986:205, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. cylindricus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus subsp. rhyolithensis Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:208.<br />

TL: New Mexico: Sierra Co, Lake Valley, P. Pierce 110 in 1961 [NM]<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> cinerascens subsp. ehrenbergii (Pfeiffer) Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:141, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> ehrenbergii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus subsp. aggregatus (Engelmann ex Watson) Blum, Lange & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:423.<br />

Basionym: Mammillaria aggregata Engelmann ex Watson1878:398 validating Mammillaria aggregata Engelmann. In: Emory<br />

1848:157 nom. prov.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus subsp. paucispinus (Engelmann) Blum, Lange & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:430, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> paucispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus subsp. roemeri (Muehlenpfordt) Blum, Lange & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:428, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> roemeri<br />

Muehlenpfordt (not Engelmann).<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus subsp. rosei (Wooton & Standley) Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:421, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rosei.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> dasyacanthus subsp. rectispinus (Trocha & Fethke) Blum, Rischer & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:118, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

dasyacanthus var. rectispinus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii subsp. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:77, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> decumbens.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> engelmannii subsp. fasciculatus (Engelmann ex Watson) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:79, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fasciculatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri subsp. hempelii (Fobe) Blum in Blum et al. 1998:93. see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hempelii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii subsp. albertii (L. Benson) Blum & Lange comb. & stat. nov. in Blum et al. 1998:309, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii var. albertii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fitchii subsp. armatus (Poselger) Blum, Lange & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:310, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. armatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> fobeanus subsp. metornii (Frank) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:303, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> metornii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> klapperi Blum in Blum et al. 1998:376.<br />

TL: Mexico: Sonora: El Novillo, ca. 500 m, Ingo Klapper, IK 0121, 12 Mar. 1983 [ZSS A 17985].<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus subsp. kruegeri (Glass & Foster) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:246, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus var. kruegeri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus subsp. reyesii (Lau) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:248, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> knippelianus var. reyesii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> longisetus subsp. freudenbergeri (Frank) Blum in Blum et al. 1998:187, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> freudenbergeri.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> maritimus subsp. hancockii (Dawson) Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:57, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> hancockii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> neocapillus (Weniger) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:219, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus var. neocapillus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pacificus subsp. mombergerianus (Frank) Blum, Rischer & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:413, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mombergerianus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri subsp. arteagensis Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:175.<br />

TL: Mexico: Border-country Coahuila/Nuevo León: Arteaga Cañon, 2250 m, leg. U. Guzmán in Sánchez-Mejorada 3807 [MEXU].<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri subsp. mazapilensis Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:173.<br />

TL: Mexico: Zacatecas: 0,3 km from El Cobre, nr. Mazapil, 2750 m, pine forest, 1987, Sánchez-Mejorada et al. 4041 [MEXU].<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus subsp. wenigeri (Benson) Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:111, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus var. wenigeri .<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus subsp. procumbens (Engelmann) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:129, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> procumbens.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus subsp. acanthosetus (Arias & Guzmán) Blum in Blum et al. 1998:259, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus var. acanthosetus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> pulchellus subsp. venustus Blum & Rischer in Blum et al. 1998:255.<br />

TL: Mexico: San Luis Potosí: San Luis Potosí - Aguascalientes border, 2100 m, Lau 1036, W. Rischer, 05 Dec. 1974 [ZSS A 17984].<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii subsp. caespitosus (Engelmann) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:320, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> caespitosus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus subsp. fiehnii (Trocha) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:213, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus var. fiehnii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> russanthus subsp. weedinii Leuck ex Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:216, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. weedinii.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> santaritensis Blum & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:369.<br />

TL: Arizona: Santa Cruz Co., Santa Rita Mts., 1600 - 1700 m , Jürgen Rutow JR 52 - 56, 16 Apr. 1996 [UA].<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> scopulorum subsp. pseudopectinatus ( Taylor) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:337, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pseudopectinatus.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus subsp. mojavensis (Engelmann & Bigelow) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:357, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mojavensis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus subsp. mojavensis fa inermis (Schumann) Blum in Blum et al. 1998:360, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> coccineus var. inermis.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viereckii subsp. huastecensis Blum, Lange & Rutow in Blum et al. 1998:157.<br />

TL: Mexico: Nuevo León: Cañon de Rayones, 15 km west of Hwy Fed. 85 on Hwy N.L. 6,550 m, 9 Jun. 1986, N.P. Taylor 192<br />

[K-flowering stem in spirit].<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus subsp. correllii (Benson) Blum & Lange in Blum et al. 1998:198, see <strong>Echinocereus</strong> viridiflorus var. correllii.<br />

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Abbreviazioni degli Erbari / Herbarium Abbreviations<br />

(ARIZ) University of Arizona, Tucson<br />

(B) Dahlem Botanical Museum, Berlin<br />

(CA) California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco<br />

(DES) Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix<br />

(DS) Dudley Herbarium, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco<br />

(JE) Friedrich - Schiller University, Jena<br />

(K) Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew<br />

(LAM) Natural History Museum of Los Angeles<br />

(MEXU) Universidad Autónoma de Mexico<br />

(MICH) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor<br />

(MO) Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis<br />

(NY) NY - Botanical Garden, New York<br />

(OKL) University of Oklahoma, Norman<br />

(P) Musée d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris<br />

(POM) Pomona College, Claremont, California<br />

(PRC) Charles University, Prague<br />

(UC) University of California, Berkeley<br />

(UNM) University of New Mexico, Albuquerque<br />

(US) United States National Herbarium, Washington, DC<br />

(WU) University of Vienna<br />

(ZSS) Städtische Sukkulenten-Sammlung, Zürich<br />

Altre abbreviazioni/Other abbreviations<br />

Auct.? autore sconosciuto/author unknown.<br />

fa. forma.<br />

HK Catalogo/catalogue Horst Kuenzler.<br />

Hort. Hortus (nome orticulturale/garden name).<br />

nom. illegit. nome illegittimo secondo le norme della nomenclatura botanica/name that is illegitimate according to the rules of botanical<br />

nomenclature.<br />

nom. inval. nome invalido secondo le norme della nomenclatura botanica/name that is invalid according to the rules of botanical<br />

nomenclature.<br />

nom. nud. nome privo di descrizione/a name without any description.<br />

nom. prov. nome provvisorio/a provisional name.<br />

pro syn. come sinonimo di/as a synonym for.<br />

sp. species.<br />

subsp. subspecies.<br />

TL località tipo/type locality.<br />

var. varietas.<br />

(?) luogo del campione tipo sconosciuto/location of type specimen unknown.<br />

Bibliografia/Bibliography<br />

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Arendt, Paul (1892). <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Hildmannii. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde. 1:146.<br />

Arias Montes, Salvador et al. (1997). Flora del Valle de Tehuacán - Cuicatlán. Fasciculo 14.<br />

Arp, Gerald (1973). The Spineless Hedgehog [cactus]. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 45:132-133.<br />

Backeberg, Curt (1941). Wertvolle Echinocereen aus Oklahoma. Kakteenkunde. 1941:1-6.<br />

Backeberg, Curt (1949). <strong>Echinocereus</strong> floresii. Blätter für Sukkulentenkunde. 1:5.<br />

Backeberg, Curt (1952). Une nouvelle espèce de Wilcoxia. Cactus (Paris). 2:15-16.<br />

Backeberg, Curt (1960). Die Cactaceae Band IV. Fischer, Jena.<br />

Backeberg, Curt (1962). Die Cactaceae Band VI. Fischer, Jena.<br />

Backeberg, Curt (1963). Descriptiones Cactacearum Novarum III. Fischer, Jena.<br />

Backeberg, Curt (1965). <strong>Echinocereus</strong> mariae. National Cactus & Succulents Journal. 20:2, 19.<br />

Backeberg, Curt (1966). Das Kakteenlexikon. Fischer, Jena.<br />

Bailey, Liberty (1941). Hortus Second. Macmillan, New York.<br />

Benson, Lyman (1941). Taxonomic studies. American Journal of Botany. 28(6):358-364.<br />

Benson, Lyman (1944). A revision of some Arizona Cactaceae. California Academy of Science. Proceedings. Ser. 4. 25:245-268.<br />

Benson, Lyman (1968). The complexity of species and varieties of <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pectinatus. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US).<br />

40:119-127.<br />

Benson, Lyman (1969a). <strong>Cacti</strong> of Arizona. ed. 3. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.<br />

Benson, Lyman (1969b). Cactaceae. in C. L. Lundell, A Flora of Texas. vol. 2. Texas Research Foundation, Renner.<br />

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Benson, Lyman (1969d). <strong>Cacti</strong> of the United States and Canada - new names and nomenclatural combinations. Cactus & Succulent<br />

Journal (US). 41:124-128.<br />

Benson, Lyman (1974). New taxa and nomenclatural changes. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 46:80.<br />

Benson, Lyman (1976). Nomenclatural recombinations in the cacti of the United States and Canada. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 48:59.<br />

Benson, Lyman (1982). The <strong>Cacti</strong> of the United States and Canada. Stanford University Press, Stanford.<br />

Berger, Alwin (1905). A systematic revision of the genus Cereus. Missouri Botanical Garden 16th Annual Report. pp. 57-86.<br />

Berger, Alwin (1929). Kakteen. Ulmer, Stuttgart.<br />

Bigelow, J. M. (1857). Additional notes and corrections. in A. W. Whipple, Pacific Railroad Reports. vol. 4. addenda.<br />

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Blum, Wolfgang (1994). Kritisch betrachtet: <strong>Echinocereus</strong> salm-dyckianus subsp. obscuriensis (Lau). Der Echinocereenfreund. 7:79-83.<br />

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Brandegee, Katherine (1904). Notes on Cactaceae. Zoe. 5:189-195.<br />

Bravo, Helia (1961). Una especie nueva del genero <strong>Echinocereus</strong> - <strong>Echinocereus</strong> matudae Annales del Instituto de Biologia. Mexico.<br />

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Candolle, Augustin de (1828). Revue de la famille des Cactées. Librairie Agricole de la Maison Rustique, Paris.<br />

Cartier, A. (1980). Wilcoxia kroenleinii. Succulentes. 2(2):2-3.<br />

Castetter, Edward F.; Prince, Pierce & Schwerin, Karl H. (1976). A new cactus species and two new varieties from New Mexico.<br />

Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 48:77-82.<br />

Chudleigh, Brian (1967). Jewels of the cactus world. Your Garden. 20:43, 45.<br />

Clover, Elzada U. (1935). <strong>Echinocereus</strong> angusticeps, a new species from the lower Rio Grande Valley, TX. Rhodora. 37:77-79.<br />

Clover, Elzada U. (1938). New species of cacti from Guatemala, Mexico, and Texas. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 65:565-570.<br />

Clover, Elzada U . & Jotter, Lois (1941). <strong>Cacti</strong> of the canyon of the Colorado River and tributaries. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical<br />

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Coulter, John (1896). Preliminary revision of the North American species of Echinocactus, Cereus and Opuntia. Contributions from<br />

the U. S. National Herbarium. 3:355-462.<br />

Croucher, J. (1878). Four free-flowering cacti. The Garden. 13:290.<br />

Dams, Erich (1904). Juli-Sitzung der Deutchen Kakteen-Gesellschaft. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde. 14:129-130.<br />

Dams, Erich (1905). <strong>Echinocereus</strong> rubescens. n. sp. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde. 15:92-93.<br />

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Dietrich, Albert (1844). Beschreibung einiger noch unbekanuter Cacteen. Allgemeine Gartenzeitung. 12:185-188.<br />

Earl, W. Hubert (1963). <strong>Cacti</strong> of the Southwest. Daily News, Tempe.<br />

Earl, W. Hubert (1971). Saguaroland Bulletin. 25:80.<br />

Ely, J. B. (1935). Discovery of the Texas Star. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 7:5-7.<br />

Emory, William (1848). Notes of a Military Reconnaissance. H. Long & Brother, New York.<br />

Engelmann, George (1845). Cactaceae. Plantae Lindheimerianae. pt. 1. Boston Journal of Natural History. 5:210-264<br />

Engelmann, George (1848a). Botany appendix. in Adolph Wislizenus, Memoir of a Tour of Northern Mexico 1846 and 1847.<br />

Engelmann, George (1848b). Cactaceae of Emory’s Reconnaissance. in Emory 1848.<br />

Engelmann, George (1849). Cactaceae. in Plantae Fendlerianae. Memoir American Academy. 4:49-53.<br />

Engelmann, George (1850). Cactaceae. in Plantae Lindheimerianae. pt. 2. Boston Journal of Natural History. 6:141-240.<br />

Engelmann, George (1852). Notes on Cereus giganteus of southwestern California and some other Californian Cactaceae.<br />

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Engelmann, George (1856). Synopsis of the Cactaceae of the territory of the United States and adjacent regions. Proceedings<br />

American Academy. 3:259-346.<br />

Engelmann, George (1857). in George Engelmann & John Bigelow, Cactaceae. in A. W. Whipple (1857). 4:27-58.<br />

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Ferguson, David J. (1989). Revision of the U. S. members of the <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus group. Cactus & Succulent Journal<br />

(US). 61:217-224.<br />

Fischer, Pierre C. (1991). <strong>Echinocereus</strong> triglochidiatus variety toroweapensis. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 63:194-195.<br />

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Fobe, Friedrich (1911). Für die Kultur empfehlenswerte <strong>Echinocereus</strong>-Arten, Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde. 21:43-45, 54-59.<br />

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Kunzmann, Heinrich (1985). Erweiterung der Einteilung der Gattung <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Engelmann. Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten. 36:72-81.<br />

Labouret, J. (1853). Monographie de la famille des Cactées. Dusacq, Paris.<br />

Lahman, Marion S. (1935). Notes on Oklahoma cacti, IV <strong>Echinocereus</strong>. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 6:141-144.<br />

Lahman, Marion S. (1936). Notes on Oklahoma cacti. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 7:135-136.<br />

Lahman, Marion S. (1950). <strong>Echinocereus</strong> oklahomensis. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 22:128.<br />

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* indicates work not seen.<br />

Las Cruces, New Mexico 20 February 1998.<br />

E. acifer (E. polyacanthus var. densus) Fresnillo, Zac, Mx (Photo L. Di Martino).<br />

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Riferimenti alle illustrazioni/Index Iconography<br />

Nota: come nelle didascalie che accompagnano le foto, il primo nome (in neretto) è un nome primario o altro nome<br />

dell’Index. Il secondo nome (in corsivo fra parentesi tonde) indica, a beneficio del lettore, il sinonimo tassonomico<br />

secondo la trattazione di N. P. Taylor (sono stati esaminati: Taylor 1985b, 1988, 1989 e 1993). Cult. pl. = pianta in<br />

coltivazione; type loc. = località tipo; field collected = pianta raccolta in habitat.<br />

Note: As in the photo captions, the first name is a primary Index name (boldface), or another Index name. When existing and<br />

relevant, the second name (in italics, within round brackets) indicates for the reader’s convenience the taxonomical synonym according<br />

to the treatment by N.P. Taylor (examined: Taylor 1985b, 1988, 1989 and 1993). Cult. pl. = cultivated plant; type loc. = type<br />

locality.<br />

Numeri di raccolta/Field numbers: DK = Duke Benadom; BW = Wolfgang Blum, SB = Steven Brack; RH = Roger<br />

Hillman, HK = Horst Kuenzler; NM = New Mexico Cactus Research (Horst Kuenzler); WM = Wendell S. Minnich; P =<br />

G. Pichler; SP = Steven Plath.<br />

1. E. acifer (E. polyacanthus var. densus): in habitat, Aguascalientes Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

2. E. acifer (E. polyacanthus var. densus): cult. pl. from Fresnillo, Zac Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

3. E. adustus: cult. pl. ex SB 072, type loc., Chih Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

4. E. albispinus (E. reichenbachii var. baileyi): cult pl. ex HK 1840, Tishomingo, Okl USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

5. “E. amoenus”: cult. pl., nessun dato di raccolta/no field data (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

6. “E. amoenus”: cult. pl., nessun dato di raccolta/no field data (Photo: W.S. LaHaye).<br />

Nota: Le piante qui raffigurate sono esemplari generici del taxon a fiore rosa che per lungo tempo è stato<br />

chiamato “amoenus” nelle nostre collezioni. La descrizione originale di E. amoenus combacia con la descrizione di<br />

E. pulchellus. Si suppone che la pianta in coltivazione chiamata “amoenus” provenga da sudovest di San Luís Potosí<br />

e, secondo Taylor, dovrebbe essere correlata a E. weinbergii.<br />

Note: The plants featured here are generic specimens of the pink-flowered taxon that has been called for a long time “amoenus”<br />

in our collections. The original description of E. amoenus matches closely the description of E. pulchellus. The “amoenus” in<br />

cultivation is supposed to be from SW of San Luis Potosí, and according to Taylor should be ranked as close to E. weinbergii.<br />

7. E. angusticeps (E. papillosus var. angusticeps): cult. pl. ex SB 1787, Hidalgo Co., NM USA (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

8. E. arizonicus (E. coccineus): in habitat near Superior, Az USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

9. E. baileyi (E. reichenbachii var. baileyi): cult. pl. ex HK 1448, Okl USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

10. E. baileyi var. brunispinus (E. reichenbachii var. baileyi): cult. pl. ex HK 1841, Kiowa Co., Okl USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

11. E. barthelowanus: cult. pl., nessun dato/no data (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

12. E. barthelowanus: flower of cult. pl. from Isla Magdalena, BC Mx (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

13. E. berlandieri: cult. pl., la vera forma con fiore a gola scura, dal Texas centrale/the true form with dark throat, from<br />

central Texas, USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

14. ?E. blanckii: questa è la pianta solitamente chiamata “blanckii” nelle nostre collezioni, coltivata nel vivaio Haage in<br />

Erfurt, Germania/this is the plant that used to be called “blanckii” in our collections, cultivated in Haage nursery, Erfurt,<br />

Germany (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

15. E. bonatzii: cult. pl. ex H.B. 1/93, type loc. (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

16. E. bonkerae (E. fasciculatus var. bonkerae): in habitat, N. of Tucson, Az USA (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

17. E. bonkerae (E. fasciculatus var. bonkerae): cult. pl. ex SB 522, Salt River Canyon, Gila Co., Az USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

18. E. boyce-thompsonii (E. fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii): in habitat, Boyce-Thompson Arboretum, Az USA (Photo:<br />

M. Lange).<br />

19. E. boyce-thompsonii (E. fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii): in habitat, N. of Tucson, Az USA (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

20. E. brandegeei: in habitat, Cabo San Lucas, BCS Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

21. E. brandegeei: cult. pl. field collected, Mulege, BCS Mx (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

22. E. brandegeei: dettaglio del fiore della pianta precedente/flower close-up of the above plant (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

23. E. bristolii: in habitat near El Novillo, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

24. E. bristolii: cult.pl. field collected by W. Minnich (WM 8212) at type loc. (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

25. E. bristolii: cult pl., from near El Novillo, Son Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

26. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii): cult. pl. ex HK 1420, Johnston Co., Okl USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

27. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii): cult. pl. ex HK 1621, Tx USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

28. E. caespitosus (E. reichenbachii): cult. pl. ex HK 1636, Wichita Co., Tx USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

29. E. caespitosus var. castaneus (E. reichenbachii): cult. pl. ex HK 1843, SW Okl USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

30. E. carnosus (?E. enneacanthus var. brevispinus): cult. pl. nessun dato, dal vivaio Cerutti, Fréjus, Francia/no data, from<br />

Cerutti’s nursery, Fréjus, France (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />

31. E. chisoensis: cult. pl. ex SB 955, Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

32. E. chisoensis: in habitat, Big Bend Natl. Park (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

33. E. chloranthus (E. viridiflorus var. chloranthus): forma generica e non documentata in coltivazione/a generic form in<br />

cultivation, undocumented (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

34. E. chloranthus var. neocapillus: cult. pl. ex HK 1285, Tx USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

35. E. chloranthus var. neocapillus: cult. pl. field collected (DK 046) Tx USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

36. E. cinerascens: in habitat (DK 226), off Hw. 57 near C. Quemado, SLP Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

37. E. cinerascens var. septentrionalis: cult. pl., Hort. Berlin ex Leuenberger & Schiers 2582 (Photo: B. Leuenberger).<br />

38. E. coccineus: cult. pl. field collected (DK 087), Colorado off Hw. 140 one mile from NM, USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

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39. E. coccineus: cult. pl. ex HK 1586, Black Range of Sierra Co., NM USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

40. E. coccineus var. inermis (E. coccineus): in habitat (DK 575), Paradox Mesa, Utah USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

41. E. coccineus var. inermis (E. coccineus): cult. pl. from La Sal Mtns, Utah USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

42. E. conglomeratus (E. stramineus): in habitat, Huasteca Canyon, NL Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

43. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus): cult. pl. from Melchor Muzquiz, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

44. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus): in habitat, Cumbres de Majalca, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

45. E. ctenoides (E. dasyacanthus): in habitat, General Trias, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

Nota: L’identificazione nelle due ultime fotografie non è certa. Alcuni vedono in queste piante delle forme di E.<br />

pectinatus con fiori di colori differenti.<br />

Note: The identification in the latter two photos is not absolute. Some people view the plants as forms of E. pectinatus with<br />

different flower colours.<br />

46. E. cucumis (E. scheeri var. gentryi): cult. pl., senza dati/undocumented (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />

47. E. dasyacanthus: in habitat, Ojinaga, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

48. E. dasyacanthus: in habitat, Sanderson, Tx USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

49. E. dasyacanthus: in habitat, Carlsbad, NM USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

50. E. dasyacanthus var. rectispinus: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: M.&A. Ohr).<br />

51. E. dasyacanthus var. rectispinus: cult. pl. ex HK 1502, near Flores Magon, Chih Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

52. E. davisii (E. viridiflorus var. davisii): cult. pl. ex HK 1221, type loc., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

53. E. delaetii (E. longisetus var. delaetii): cult. pl., nessun dato, esemplare eccezionale nella collezione di L. Gavazzi<br />

presso Pistoia /no data, an exceptionally large specimen in the collection of L. Gavazzi, near Pistoia, Tuscany (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

54. E. delaetii (E. longisetus var. delaetii): cult. pl., nessun dato, un altro bell’esemplare nella collezione di D. Benadom/<br />

no data, another beautiful specimen, in the collection of D. Benadom (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

55. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus): cult. pl. ex NM 2662, Dgo Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

56. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus): cult. pl. from El Salto, Dgo Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

57. E. durangensis (E. polyacanthus): cult. pl. ex Lau 788, Puerto Coneto, Dgo Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

58. E. ehrenbergii (E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii): in habitat, Rio Tula, Hid Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

59. E. ehrenbergii (E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii): cult. pl., Moorten Botanical Garden, località sconosciuta/loc. unknown<br />

(Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

60. E. engelmannii: in habitat, Meling Ranch, BC Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

61. E. engelmannii: in habitat (DK 452), Squaw Mountain, Ca USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

62. E. engelmannii: cult. pl. from Catavina, BC Mx (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

63. E. engelmannii var. acicularis: cult. pl. field collected near Joshua Tree Natl. Park, Ca USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

64. E. engelmannii var. armatus: cult. pl. field coll. near Victorville, Ca USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

65. E. engelmannii var. armatus: cult. pl. ex ERC 1111 (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />

66. E. engelmannii var. armatus (sinistra/left) E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus (destra/right): crescono affiancati presso/<br />

growing side by side near Victorville, Ca USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

67. E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus: cult. pl. field collected, Shell Creek Range, White Pine Co., Nevada USA (Photo:<br />

B. R. Beaston).<br />

68. E. engelmannii var. howei: cult. pl., field collected S. Bernardino Co., Ca USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

69. E. engelmannii var. howei: cult. pl. (DK 491), field collected N of Needles, Ca USA adjacent Nevada border<br />

(Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

70. E. engelmannii var. nicholii (E. nicholii): in habitat, Red Rock, Az USA (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

71. E. engelmannii var. nicholii (E. nicholii): cult. pl. field collected, Az USA (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />

72. E. engelmannii var. purpureus: cult. pl. from field collected cutting, Washington Co., Utah USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

73. E. engelmannii var. variegatus: cult. pl. from type loc., Marble Canyon, Az USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

74. E. engelmannii var. variegatus: cult. pl. from near Page, Az USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

75. E. enneacanthus: in habitat along Hw. 40, Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

76. E. enneacanthus: in habitat, Sierra de la Paila, Coah Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

77. E. enneacanthus fa. brevispinus (E. enneacanthus var. brevispinus): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

78. E. fasciculatus: in habitat ca. 20 km east of type loc., Az USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

79. E. fendleri: cult. pl. ex HK 1014, NM USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

80. E. fendleri: cult. pl. ex HK 1266, una miniatura nel complesso fendleri/a miniature form in the fendleri complex,<br />

Coconino Co., Az USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

81. E. fendleri: HK 1266, flower close-up (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

82. E. ferreirianus: cult. pl. nessun dato/no data (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

83. E. ferreirianus: cult. pl. from Sierra San Francisco, BC Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

84. E. fitchii (E. reichenbachii var. fitchii): cult. pl. ex SB 853, Jim Hogg Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

85. E. floresii (E. sciurus var. floresii): cult. pl. ex Lau 071, type loc. Topolobampo, Sin Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

86. E. floresii (E. sciurus var. floresii): dettaglio della pianta precedente/flower close-up of the above (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

87. E. fobeanus (E. chisoensis var. fobeanus): cult. pl. nessun dato/no data (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

88. E. fobeanus (E. chisoensis var. fobeanus): dettaglio di pianta acquistata presso il vivaio DeHerdt/flower close-up of plant<br />

purchased from DeHerdt Nursery (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

89. E. freudenbergeri (E. nivosus): cult. pl. ex Lau 1032, Sierra de la Paila, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

90. E. freudenbergeri (E. nivosus): flower of Lau 1032 (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

91. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi): fusto da una pianta raccolta in habitat da Ed Gay il 17 maggio 1970 (dati non<br />

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divulgati, originariamente nella collezione Tegelberg)/stem from a plant collected in the field by Ed Gay on 17 May<br />

1970 (data withheld, formerly in the Tegelberg collection) (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

Nota: Questa pianta è conforme al tipo come originariamente descritto da H. S. Gentry, con spine brevi ma<br />

evidenti (fino a 5 mm di lunghezza) lungo tutto il fusto.<br />

Note: This plant fits the true type as originally described by H. S. Gentry, with short but conspicuous spines (up to 5 mm long)<br />

all over the stem.<br />

92. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi): fiore di una forma generica in coltivazione quasi priva di spine/flower of cult. pl.<br />

generic almost spineless form (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

93. E. gentryi (E. scheeri var. gentryi): cult. pl., un bell’esemplare della forma senza spine/a beautiful specimen of the<br />

spineless form (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

94. E. gonacanthus (E. triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus): in habitat (DK 583), Monarch Pass, Utah USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

95. E. gonacanthus (E. triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus): in habitat, Corona, NM USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

96. E. grandis: in habitat, Isla S. Esteban, BC Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

97. E. grandis: cult. pl., field collected by Ed Gay, Isla S. Esteban, BC Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

98. E. grandis: close-up of cult. pl. field collected by Ed Gay, Isla S. Esteban, BC Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

99. E. hancockii (E. maritimus var. hancockii): in habitat San Hipolito, BC Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

100. E. hancockii (E. maritimus var. hancockii): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

101. E. hempelii (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri): cult. pl. ex Lau 1380, type loc. S. Clara Canyon, Chih Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

102. E. hempelii (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri): in habitat, type loc. (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

103. E. hempelii (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri): cult. pl. ex HK 1489 la forma di San Buenaventura, Chih Mx, con spine<br />

centrali rivolte verso l’alto/the form from San Buenaventura, Chih Mx, with upward central spines (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

104. E. hidalgensis*: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: U. Raudonat).<br />

Nota: Questa fotografia mostra la pianta di Backeberg nota con questo nome. Potrebbe essere considerata una<br />

forma o varietà ancora priva di nome di E. cinerascens.<br />

Note: This slide features the Backeberg plant known with this name. Possibly to be considered a form or unnamed variety of E.<br />

cinerascens.<br />

105. E. huitcholensis (E. polyacanthus var. huitcholensis): cult. pl. ex Lau 1082, Hw. 40 Km 205, Dgo Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

106. E. huitcholensis (E. polyacanthus var. huitcholensis): cult. pl. ex Lau 768, Plomosos, Sin Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

Nota: Questa forma è entrata a far parte delle collezioni con il nome di E. plomosus*. Spesso il tubo floreale<br />

mostra una densa lanuggine, ed è considerata da alcuni come distinta da E. huitcholensis.<br />

Note: This form has entered collections with the name E. plomosus*. Often it shows a floral tube with dense cobwebby wool, and<br />

is regarded by some as distinct from E. huitcholensis.<br />

107. E. knippelianus: cult. pl., senza dati/ no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

108. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri: in habitat, type loc. near S. Juanito, NL Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

109. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri: cult. pl. ex Lau 1237, Los Pocitos, NL Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

110. E. knippelianus var. kruegeri: close-up of cult. pl., Ascension, NL Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

111. E. knippelianus var. reyesii (E. knippelianus var. kruegeri): cult. pl. ex Lau 1237a, Dr. Arroyo, NL Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

112. E. knippelianus var. reyesii (E. knippelianus var. kruegeri): fiori che spuntano dall’apice del fusto/flowers emerging<br />

from tip of the stem, ex Lau 1237a (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

113. Wilcoxia kroenleinii (E. poselgeri): cult. pl. ex HK 379, S Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

114. E. kuenzleri (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri): in habitat, type loc. Otero Co., Sacramento Mtns., Elk, NM USA (Photo: W.<br />

S. LaHaye).<br />

115. E. kuenzleri (E. fendleri var. kuenzleri): cult. pl. ex SB 353, Otero Co., NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

116. E. laui: cult. pl. ex Lau 780, type loc., El Trigo, Son Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

117. E. ledingii (E. fendleri var. ledingii): cult. pl. field collected in Az USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

118. E. ledingii (E. fendleri var. ledingii): cult. pl. ex SB 212, Graham Co. Az USA; la foto raffigura la forma più rara a<br />

spine curve/showing the occurrence of a rarer form with curved spines (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

119. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis): cult. pl. from type loc. near Monterrey, NL Mx (Photo: J. Rutow,<br />

courtesy of M. Lange).<br />

120. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis): cult. pl., a slender form from Estacion Marte, Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

121. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis): close-up of G&F 2228, San Juan de Dios, Dgo Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

122. E. leonensis (E. pentalophus var. leonensis): cult. pl. from Arteaga, Coah Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />

123. E. leucanthus: cult. pl. non documentata/undocumented (Photo: W.S. LaHaye).<br />

124. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi): in habitat, type loc. S of Catavina, BCN Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

125. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi): plant ex habitat, in cultivation (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

126. E. lindsayi (E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi): flower of cult. pl. senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

127. E. lloydii (E. coccineus x E. dasyacanthus): in habitat, Fort Stockton, Tx USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

128. E. lloydii (vedi/see 127): flower close-up of cult. pl., no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

129. E. longisetus: cult. pl. from Cuatrocienegas, Coah Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />

130. E. longisetus: dettaglio della pianta precedente/flower close-up of previous plant (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />

131. E. longisetus (forma): in habitat (DK 522), near Cuatrocienegas, Coah Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

132. E. luteus (E. subinermis): cult. pl. ex Lau 075, San Antonio Alamos, Son Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

133. E. maritimus: in habitat San Quintin, BC Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

134. E. maritimus: dettaglio della foto precedente/close-up of the above (Photo: M.&A. Ohr).<br />

135. E. marksianus* (E. polyacanthus var. densus): in habitat (DK 626), mountain near S. Andreas de Cubo, Guanajuato<br />

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Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

Nota: Questa popolazione sembra conforme alla pianta di Schwarz descritta da Backeberg ma invalida. Cresce<br />

nella località tipo di Mammillaria schwarzii.<br />

Note: This population appears to match Schwarz’s plant, invalidly described by Backeberg. It grows at the type loc. of Mammillaria<br />

schwarzii.<br />

136. E. matthesianus* (E. polyacanthus var. huitcholensis?): pianta ricevuta da Matthes nel 1970/plant received from Matthes<br />

in 1970 (Photo: U. Raudonat, courtesy of M. Lange).<br />

137. E. matthesianus* (vedi/see 136): dettaglio del fiore/close-up of flower (Photo: U. Raudonat, courtesy of M. Lange).<br />

138. E. matudae (E. coccineus): in habitat, Nuevo Casas Grandes, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

139. E. matudae (E. coccineus): in habitat, Nuevo Casas Grandes, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

140. E. merkeri (E. enneacanthus): cult. pl. (DK 118), near El Ampara, Coah Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

141. E. merkeri (E. enneacanthus): flower of cult. pl., Tegelberg collection, loc. unknown (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

142. E. metornii (E. chisoensis var. fobeanus): cult. pl., Sierra Mojada, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

143. E. milleri*: cult. pl. ex HK 370, San Angelo area, Coke Co., Tx USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

144. E. mojavensis (E. coccineus): in habitat, Grapevine Canyon, S. Bernardino Co., Ca USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

145. E. mojavensis (E. coccineus): in habitat, S. Bernardino Co., Ca USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

146. E. mombergerianus (E. polyacanthus var. pacificus): in habitat, Sierra San Pedro Martir, BC Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

147. E. morricalii (E. viereckii var. morricalii): cult. pl. ex HK 376, La Roca, NL Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

148. E. morricalii (E. viereckii var. morricalii): cult. pl., forma con spine/spined form ex HK seeds, no data (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

149. E. munzii (E. engelmannii var. munzii): in habitat at type loc. Garner Valley, Riverside Co., Ca USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

150. E. munzii (E. engelmannii var. munzii): cult. pl., near Big Bear City on Hw. 18, Ca USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

151. E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus): in habitat, Mesa at South end of Organ Mtns., Dona Ana Co., NM USA (Photo: T. Corbett).<br />

152. ?E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus): in habitat, Sierra Vista, Az USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

153. ?E. neomexicanus (E. coccineus): cult. pl. field collected by W. Minnich, Orogrande, NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

Nota: E. neomexicanus è quasi certamente un ibrido naturale di E. rosei ed E. chloranthus, con fiori rossi, non grandi,<br />

di forma simile a quelli di E. chloranthus, e petali acuti. Benson e Weniger hanno confuso il vero neomexicanus con<br />

forme di E. rosei. Le foto 152 e 153 sono probabilmente riferibili a “E. neomexicanus” sensu Weniger & Benson.<br />

Note: E. neomexicanus is likely to be a natural hybrid between E. rosei and E. chloranthus, with smallish red “chloranthus<br />

shaped” flowers with acute petals. Both Benson and Weniger confused the true neomexicanus with forms of E. rosei. Photos<br />

152. and 153. are probably referable to “E. neomexicanus” sensu Benson & Weniger.<br />

154. E. nicholii subsp. llanuraensis: cult. pl. ex habitat, near Guaymas, Son Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />

155. E. nicholii subsp. llanuraensis: cult. pl. ex HK 1501, near Guaymas, Son Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

156. E. nivosus: in habitat, type loc. El Cinco, Coah Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

157. E. nivosus: in habitat, type loc. El Cinco, Coah Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

158. E. nivosus: dettaglio del fiore/flower close-up of cult. pl., field collected by W. Minnich near El Cinco, Coah Mx<br />

(Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

159. E. ochoterenae (E. subinermis var. ochoterenae): cult. pl. ex Lau 624, type loc., Cerro de la Cobriza, Sin Mx (Photo: L.<br />

Di Martino).<br />

160. “E. octacanthus”: in habitat Big Bend Natl. Park, Tx USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

161. “E. octacanthus”: cult. pl. field collected near El Paso, Tx USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

162. “E. octacanthus”: flower close-up of cult. pl., Tegelberg collection, no data (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

Nota: E. octacanthus è un nome controverso e forse non più riesumabile. Le foto riproducono piante del gruppo<br />

coccineus a cui vari autori assegnano questo nome, ma che secondo alcuni sono da riferire piuttosto a E. roemeri.<br />

Note: E. octacanthus is a controversial and perhaps hopelessly lost name. The photos feature plants of the coccineus group<br />

usually going under that name, but probably properly referable to E. roemeri. (E. octacanthus had very heavy four-sided<br />

spines.)<br />

163. E. oklahomensis (E. reichenbachii var. baileyi): cult. pl. ex HK 1844, Okl USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

164. E. ortegae: flower of cult. pl. ex W. Blum (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

165. E. pacificus (E. polyacanthus var. pacificus): in habitat, S. Thomas, BCN Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

166. E. pacificus (E. polyacanthus var. pacificus): cult. pl. field collected by W. Minnich, Ensenada, BC Mx (Photo: W. S.<br />

LaHaye).<br />

167. E. pacificus (E. polyacanthus var. pacificus): flower close-up of the above plant (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

168. E. palmeri: in habitat, Santa Clara Canyon, Chih Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

169. E. palmeri: cult. pl. ex Lau 1565, General Escobedo, Guanacevi, Dgo Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

170. E. palmeri: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

171. E. pamanesiorum: cult. pl. ex Lau 1247, the type plant (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

172. E. papillosus: generic plant in cult., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

173. E. papillosus: cult. pl. grown from CSSA Depot seed, collected in South Texas (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

174. E. parkeri: in habitat, Aramberri, NL Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

175. E. parkeri: cult. pl. ex SP 9105 (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

176. E. parkeri: cult. pl. from Dr. Arroyo, NL Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

177. E. parkeri var. gonzalezii: cult. pl. ex Lau 1375, Dulces Nombres, NL Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

178. E. parkeri var. gonzalezii: close-up/ ex Lau 1375, Dulces Nombres, NL Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

179. E. paucispinus (E. coccineus): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

180. E. pectinatus: in habitat near Las Palomas, SLP Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

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181. E. pectinatus: in habitat, Hw. 57 turn off at El Carmen (El Tule), SLP Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

182. E. pectinatus: in habitat, Santiago Papasquiaro, Dgo Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

183. E. pectinatus: in habitat, San Roberto, NL Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

184. E. pectinatus: cult. pl. ex HK 1127, Rio Florido/La Zarca, Dgo Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

185. E. pectinatus: cult. pl. ex SB 1035, Huizache, SLP Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

186. E. pectinatus var. armatus (E. reichenbachii var. armatus): cult. pl. from Huasteca Canyon, NL Mx (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

187. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus (E. rigidissimus): in habitat Pedregosa Mtns., Chiricahua, Az USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

188. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus (E. rigidissimus): in habitat Santa Rita Mtns, Az USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

189. E. pectinatus var. rigidissimus (E. rigidissimus): cult. pl. from San Nicola, Son Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

190. E. pectinatus var. rubispinus (E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus): cult. pl. ex Lau 088, type loc., Chih Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

191. E. pectinatus var. rubispinus (E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus): ex Lau 088, pianta premiata/a prize-winning specimen<br />

(Photo and coll.: D. Benadom).<br />

192. E. pectinatus var. wenigeri: cult. pl. ex SB 380, Val Verde Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

193. E. pensilis: cult. pl. from Sierra de Laguna, BCS Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

194. E. pensilis: in habitat, Sierra de Laguna, BCS Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

195. E. pentalophus: cult. pl. ex Lau 660, Sierra de la Paila, Coah Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

196. E. pentalophus: in habitat, headwaters of Rio Pilon, NL Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

197. E. pentalophus: in habitat, a form from near Dr. Arroyo, NL Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

198. E. perbellus (E. reichenbachii var. perbellus): cult. pl. ex SB 259, Eddy Co., NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

199. E. polyacanthus: in habitat, Zaragoza, Chih Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

200. E. polyacanthus: cult. pl. ex SB 191, Cosihuiriachi, Chih Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

201. E. polyacanthus: cult. pl. field collected by W. Minnich, Cumbres de Majalca, Chih Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

202. E. polyacanthus: cult. pl. ex Lau 1581, Mesa de Huracan, Chih Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

203. E. polyacanthus: flower close-up of Lau 1581 (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

204. E. polyacanthus: cult. pl. ex Lau 1544, Sierra de la Cienega, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

Nota: Questa è una forma molto particolare che potrebbe meritare un proprio status.<br />

Note: This is a very distinctive form, possibly deserving a separate status.<br />

205. E. poselgeri: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

206. E. primolanatus: in habitat, Sierra de la Paila, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

207. E. primolanatus: cult. pl., Cuatrocienegas, Coah Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

208. E. primolanatus: cult. pl. ex HK 2730, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

209. E. procumbens (E. pentalophus): cult. pl. field collected, Starr Co., Tx USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

210. ?E. procumbens (E. pentalophus): cult. pl. ex SB 1023, J. Hogg Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

211. E. pseudopectinatus: cult. pl. ex Lau 607, the type, Moctezuma, Son Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

212. E. pseudopectinatus: cult. pl. ex SB 247, Cochise Co., Az USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

213. E. pulchellus: cult. pl., the form “aguirrei”, Xmiquilpan Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

214. E. pulchellus: flower close-up of the above plant (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

215. E. pulchellus var. sharpii: cult. pl. from type loc., Ascension, NL Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

216. E. pulchellus var. sharpii: in habitat, type loc. (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

217. E. purpureus (E. reichenbachii): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

218. E. radians (E. adustus): cult. pl., una forma di E. adustus con lunghe spine centrali, senza dati/a form of E. adustus<br />

with long central spines, no data (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

219. ?E. radians (E. adustus): cult. pl., raccolta in habitat nella località tipo della var. adustus/field collected at the type loc.<br />

of var. adustus (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

220. E. rayonesensis: cult. pl. ex Lau 1101, type loc. Rayones, NL Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

221. E. rayonesensis: Lau 1101, si noti il fiore vicino alla base del fusto/showing flower near stem base (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

222. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus): in habitat, Pedregosa Mtns., Chiricahua Az USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

223. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

224. E. rectispinus (E. fendleri var. rectispinus): cult. pl. ex HK 1416, la forma distribuita con il nome/the form distributed<br />

as “longispinus”, Jarilla Mtns., NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

225. E. reichenbachii: in habitat near Saltillo, Coah Mx (Photo: G. Orbani).<br />

226. E. reichenbachii: cult. pl. ex Lau 1061, Las Crucitas, Zaragoza, Tam Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

227. E. reichenbachii: cult. pl. ex Lau 1394, Llera, Tam Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

228. E. reichenbachii: in habitat, Enchanted Rock, Tx USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

229. E. reichenbachii: cult. pl. ex SB 387, Kimble Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

230. E. reichenbachii var. albertii (E. reichenbachii var. fitchii): cult. pl., no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

Nota: La pianta illustrata è il sinonimo E. melanocentrus*.<br />

Note: The plant figured here is the synonymous E. melanocentrus*.<br />

231. E. robustus (E. fasciculatus): in habitat, Vale, Az USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

232. E. robustus (E. fasciculatus): imported plant in cult., no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

233. E. roemeri (E. coccineus): cult. pl., no exact data (but Centr. Tx) (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

234. E. roetteri (E. coccineus x E. dasyacanthus): in habitat, Orogrande, NM USA (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

235. E. roetteri (vedi/see 234): cult. pl. field collected by W. Minnich, Orogrande, NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

236. E. rosei (E. coccineus): in habitat E of Las Cruces, NM USA (a photo taken April 1969 by T. Corbett).<br />

237. E. rosei (E. coccineus): in habitat NE of Las Cruces, NM USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

238. E. russanthus: in habitat, Big Bend Natl. Park, Tx USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

239. E. russanthus: cult. pl. ex HK 1287 (var. cowperi*), Cooks Range, NM USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

240. E. russanthus: cult. pl. ex HK 1531 (var. vulpis-cauda*), Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

241. E. russanthus var. fiehnii: cult. pl. ex Lau 1076, S. Clara Canyon, Chih Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

242. E. russanthus var. fiehnii: close-up of Lau 1076 (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

243. E. salm-dyckianus (E. scheeri): cult. pl., a generic form, no data (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

244. E. salm-dyckianus (E. scheeri): pianta in coltivazione con fusti sottili e pendenti, propagata da materiale raccolto in<br />

habitat, dati perduti/cult. pl. with long, thin, pendant stems, grown from habitat collected material, data lost long ago<br />

(Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

245. E. salmianus (E. scheeri): pianta in coltivazione col nome “salmianus”, originaria della collezione di G. Tegelberg,<br />

dati persi/cult. pl. labelled as “salmianus”, this plant originates from the late G. Tegelberg’s collection, data lost long ago<br />

(Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

246. ?E. sanborgianus (E. brandegeei): pianta coltivata di dubbia identificazione e senza dati /cult. pl., doubtful<br />

identification, no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

247. E. sanpedroensis: pianta in coltivazione acquistata come E. subterraneus* Backeberg, senza dati/cult. pl., this plant<br />

was purchased as E. subterraneus* Backeberg, no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

248. E. sanpedroensis: cult. pl. ex Lau 1520, Hw. from Choix to San Vicente, Sin Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

249. E. sarissophorus (E. enneacanthus): in habitat (DK 521), N of Bermejillo, Dgo Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

250. E. scheeri: in habitat, Maycoba-Yepachic, Son Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

251. E. scheeri: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

252. E. scheeri: cult. pl. ex Lau 603, Aguas Blancas, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

Nota: L’attribuzione del numero di Lau è incerta dato che l’elenco di numeri di campo pubblicato dalla AfM<br />

(Germania) assegna Lau 603 a E. tayopensis!<br />

Note: The attribution of Lau number is uncertain, as the field-numbers list published by AfM (Germany) assigns Lau 603 to E.<br />

tayopensis!<br />

253. E. scheeri: cult. pl. ex Lau 092, a form from Sierra Obscura, Chih Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

254. E. scheeri var. koehresianus (E. ortegae): cult. pl. ex Lau 1143, type loc. (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

255. E. scheeri var. koehresianus (E. ortegae): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

256. E. scheeri var. obscuriensis: cult. pl. ex Lau 091, type loc., Chih Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

257. E. scheeri var. obscuriensis: close-up of the flower of Lau 091 (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

258. E. schereri: cult pl. ex P 300, type loc., Dgo Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

259. E. schereri: cult. pl. ex NM 2728, Rio Nazas, Dgo Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

260. E. schmollii: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

261. E. schmollii: un esemplare di Wilcoxia nerispina* ricevuto da A. Lau, che vive associata in situ a Lau 1178/a<br />

specimen of Wilcoxia nerispina* received from A. Lau, growing as associative plant on the site of Lau 1178, Vista Hermosa,<br />

Que Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

262. E. schwarzii (E. adustus var. schwarzii): cult. pl. ex Lau 1305, type loc., Dgo Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

263. E. sciurus: cult. pl. (DK 394), N of Cabo San Lucas, BCS Mx (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

264. E. sciurus: in habitat, Cabo San Lucas, BCS Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

265. E. scopulorum: cult. pl. from San Carlos, Son Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

266. E. scopulorum: pianta raccolta come giovane semenzale/a plant collected as a small seedling nr. Guaymas, Son Mx, in<br />

1981 (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

267. E. spinibarbis* (E. cinerascens var. ehrenbergii): cult. pl. from Haage nursery, Erfurt, Germany (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

268. E. spinigemmatus: cult. pl. ex Lau 1246, type loc., Jal Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

269. E. spinigemmatus: from a Lau field cutting, type loc. (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

270. E. standleyi (E. viridiflorus): in habitat near type loc., Elk, Sacramento Mtns, NM USA (Photo: T. Corbett).<br />

271. ?E. standleyi (E. viridiflorus): cult. pl. (DK 069), W of Marathon, Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo: D. Benadom).<br />

Nota: Ma probabilmente una forma di E. viridiflorus var. correllii.<br />

Note: But probably may be viewed as a form of E. viridiflorus var. correllii.<br />

272. E. stoloniferus: cult. pl. from San Nicolas, Son Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

273. E. stoloniferus: cult. pl., generic form, no data (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

274. E. stramineus: in habitat, El Rincon, Coah Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

275. E. stramineus: in habitat, E of Cerro Bola, S. Lucia Microw. Station, Coah Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

276. E. stramineus: in habitat vicino a E. enneacanthus/in habitat growing side by side with E. enneacanthus at Cerro Bola,<br />

Coah Mx (Photo: S. Plath).<br />

277. E. stramineus: cult. pl., no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

278. E. stramineus (forma): cult. pl. ex P 1990, Huasteca Canyon, NL Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

Nota: Questa forma è stata in commercio a lungo come “sp. Huasteca Canyon”.<br />

Note: This form has been in the trade for a long time as “sp. Huasteca Canyon”.<br />

279. E. stramineus var. occidentalis: cult. pl. in Koehres nursery, Germany (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

280. E. subinermis: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

281. E. subinermis var. aculeatus (E. subinermis): cult. pl. da semi di piante tipo/from seed of type plants (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

282. E. tamaulipensis (E. poselgeri): cult. pl. ex Lau 1204, Hipolito, Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

283. E. tamaulipensis (E. poselgeri): cult. pl. field collected by Reineke near La Rosa, Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

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S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

284. E. tamaulipensis subsp. deherdtii: pianta originale dal vivaio De Herdt, raccolta in habitat da Swoboda a/original<br />

plant from De Herdt nursery, field collected by Swoboda at El Sol, Coah Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

285. E. tayopensis (E. stoloniferus var. tayopensis): cult. pl. ex Lau 779, Yecora, Son Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

286. E. triglochidiatus: esemplare di importazione, senza dati/ imported plant, no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

287. E. triglochidiatus var. gurneyi (E. coccineus): cult. pl. ex HK 1064, S of Marathon, Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo:<br />

W.S. LaHaye).<br />

288. E. triglochidiatus var. gurneyi (E. coccineus): cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Gavazzi).<br />

289. E. triglochidiatus var. toroweapensis: cult. pl. (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

290. E. tulensis (E. cinerascens var. tulensis): in habitat near Tula, Tam Mx (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

291. E. viereckii: cult. pl., senza dati/no data (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

292. E. viereckii: cult. pl. ex Lau 1295, El Mirador-Dulces Nombres, Tam Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

293. E. viridiflorus: cult. pl. ex SB 137, Sandia Mtns, Bernalillo Co., NM USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

294. E. viridiflorus var. correllii: cult. pl. ex HK 1527, Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

295. E. viridiflorus var. correllii: cult. pl. ex ERC 263, Brewster Co., Tx USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

296. E. viridiflorus var. cylindricus: in habitat, Kent, Tx USA (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

297. E. viridiflorus var. cylindricus: cult. pl. ex HK 1388, Organ Mtns, Dona Ana Co., NM USA (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

298. E. viridiflorus var. weedinii: cult. pl. ex HK 1289, J.Davis Co., Tx USA (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

299. E. waldeisii: cult. pl. ex RH 119, W of Tula, Tam Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

Nota: Questa pianta viene da alcuni considerata identica a E. tamaulipensis subsp. deherdtii.<br />

Note: This plant is considered by some to be the same as E. tamaulipensis subsp. deherdtii.<br />

300. E. websterianus: in habitat, Isla San Pedro Nolasco, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

301. E. websterianus: in habitat, Isla San Pedro Nolasco, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. Minnich).<br />

302. E. websterianus: cult. pl. ex Lau 098, Isla San Pedro Nolasco, Son Mx (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

303. E. websterianus: cult. pl. ex Lau 098, Isla San Pedro Nolasco, Son Mx (Photo: B. R. Beaston).<br />

304. E. weinbergii (E. pulchellus var. weinbergii): in habitat, Valparaiso, Zac Mx (Photo: M. & A. Ohr).<br />

305. E. weinbergii (E. pulchellus var. weinbergii): cult. pl. ex Lau 691, Sombrerete, Zac Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

306. E. apachensis: in habitat near type loc., Maricopa Co., Az USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

307. E. apachensis: cult. pl. ex BW 74, Maricopa Co., Az USA (Photo: L. Di Martino, coll. Gavazzi).<br />

308. E. carmenensis: cult. pl. ex SB 1476, Sierra del Carmen, Coah Mx (Photo: L. Di Martino).<br />

309. E. carmenensis: ex SB 1476, stem and flower close-up (Photo: W. S. LaHaye).<br />

Nota: Questa pianta è stata distribuita per anni con il nome di E. chloranthus var. nova (e successivamente come E.<br />

russanthus var. nova) da Mesa Garden.<br />

Note: This plant has been distributed over the years under the name of E. chloranthus var. nova (and subsequently as E.<br />

russanthus var. nova) by Mesa Garden.<br />

310. E. santaritensis: in habitat at type loc., Santa Cruz Co., Az USA (Photo: M. Lange).<br />

105


Forme particolari<br />

1) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri (fasciculatus?), forma a fiore bianco.<br />

Questa forma notevole (diffusa in coltivazione sotto il<br />

nome di “E. fendleri var. albiflorus”) è considerata da alcuni<br />

una variante albina di E. fendleri var. rectispinus, e da altri<br />

una forma di E. fasciculatus, riferibile all’oscuro E. abbeae.<br />

È stata raccolta da Duke Benadom il 27 dicembre 1983<br />

(DK245) nella Sierra Viejo, Sonora, Messico. Ecco un estratto<br />

dalle sue note: “La montagna è di origine vulcanica. La<br />

flora del luogo comprende Agave pelona (molto abbondante<br />

ma solo sui pendii), A. zebrina, Hamatocactus uncinatus, Echi-<br />

nocereus scopulorum, E. stramineus ed Echinocactus<br />

horizonthalonius (con spine più corte della forma tipica).<br />

Trovo inoltre un Ferocactus non meglio identificato”. Da<br />

questa pianta sono stati prodotti talee e semi, successivamente<br />

distribuiti negli U.S.A. e in Europa. Come si può<br />

vedere nelle foto, nell’ambito di questa popolazione la colorazione<br />

dei fiori è piuttosto variabile, dal bianco con uno<br />

stretto anello scuro alla base, al rosa pallido con gola più<br />

scura. (Foto di D. Benadom)<br />

2) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri “fa. eremiticus”.<br />

La forma illustrata è stata ottenuta da semi di Horst<br />

Kuenzler senza numeri di raccolta. Sembra che i semi provengano<br />

da una popolazione isolata (da cui l’epiteto<br />

CACTUS & Co.<br />

S P E C I A L I S S U E<br />

Una foto in habitat e le differenti sfumature della forma DK 245.<br />

A photo in habitat, and the different colour shades of the form DK 245.<br />

106<br />

Some choice forms<br />

1) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri (fasciculatus?), white-flowered form.<br />

This striking form, introduced in recent years under the garden<br />

name of “E. fendleri var. albiflorus”, is viewed by some as a<br />

white-flowered form of E. fendleri var. rectispinus, and by others<br />

as a form of E. fasciculatus, referable to the old name E. abbeae<br />

Parson. It was collected by Duke Benadom on December 27, 1983<br />

(DK245), at the base of the Sierra Viejo, in Sonora, Mexico.<br />

Here is an excerpt from his field-notes: “The mountain is of<br />

volcanic origin. Its succulent flora includes Agave pelona<br />

(very abundant, but growing only on the cliff faces), A.<br />

zebrina, Hamatocactus uncinatus, <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

scopulorum, E. stramineus, and Echinocactus<br />

horizonthalonius (with much shorter spines than typical).<br />

Also a Ferocactus, not identified at the time”. Cuttings were<br />

taken and seeds were subsequently distributed in the U.S. and<br />

Europe. As shown in the photos, within the same population<br />

the flower colour is somewhat variable, from mostly white with<br />

narrow dark ring at base, to light pink with broader dark<br />

throat. (Photos by D. Benadom)<br />

2) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> fendleri “fa. eremiticus”.<br />

The form shown was grown from Horst Kuenzler seed, without<br />

a collection number. The habitat was said to be from an isolated<br />

population (whence the adjective “eremiticus”) somewhere on


“eremiticus”) nelle pianure del Nuovo Messico. La pianta<br />

ha 9 coste, 7 spine radiali (una delle quali è particolarmente<br />

evidente, essendo quasi bianca in contrasto con il corpo scuro<br />

della pianta, e punta verso il basso) e una spina centrale<br />

rivolta verso l’alto e spesso ricurva (nerastra ma con punta<br />

bianca o chiara) che può raggiungere i 7 cm di lunghezza.<br />

Questa forma è comparabile con (e può essere considerata<br />

come una variazione di) un altro taxon denominato da<br />

Kuenzler E. fendleri “var. longispinus” (HK 1416). Semi seminati<br />

nel 1987. (Foto di B. Beaston, maggio 1990)<br />

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the Plains of New Mexico. It has 9 ribs, 7 radial spines (one<br />

of which is particularly evident, being nearly white against<br />

the dark green body and pointing straight downwards), and<br />

one upward pointing and often twisted central spine (blackish,<br />

but white or light coloured at the tip), which can reach 3 inches<br />

in length. This form is comparable to (and may be seen as a<br />

variant of) another Kuenzler name: E. fendleri “var.<br />

longispinus” (HK 1416).<br />

(Seed sown in 1987, photo taken by B. Beaston in May 1990)<br />

E. fendleri “fa. eremiticus”. E. parkeri var. gonzalezii, forma a fiore<br />

bianco/white-flowered form.<br />

E. pentalophus “fa. albiflorus”. E. scheeri, forma.<br />

3) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri var. gonzalezii, forma a fiore bianco.<br />

Questo taxon ha di norma fiori rosa brillante. Più raramente<br />

si presenta una forma a fiore bianco. La pianta illustrata<br />

è originaria della popolazione di Dulces Nombres e<br />

porta il numero di raccolta Lau 1375. Pianta acquistata<br />

nel vivaio di W. Blum. (Coll. e foto di L. Gavazzi)<br />

4) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus “fa. albiflorus”.<br />

Questa splendida forma a fiore bianco porta il numero di<br />

riferimento ERC 759 (<strong>Echinocereus</strong> Reference Collection di D.<br />

Parker, Birmingham, U.K.). Pare essere originaria di Vista<br />

Hermosa, Queretaro, Messico. (Foto di esemplare innestato<br />

nella collezione di B. Beaston)<br />

5) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri, forma.<br />

Questa fotografia mostra una forma molto peculiare di E.<br />

scheeri, distribuita nel 1992 come ISI 92-3 e contraddistinta<br />

dal numero HBG 56062 degli Huntington Botanical Gardens.<br />

Cresce in densi gruppi formati da fusti sottili, con lunghi<br />

fiori color porpora, e venne raccolta da W. Reppenhagen<br />

l’8 febbraio 1980 a 700-1150 metri presso La Bufa, Barranca<br />

3) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri var. gonzalezii, white-flowered form.<br />

<strong>Echinocereus</strong> parkeri var. gonzalezii has normally bright pink<br />

flowers. More rarely, a white-flowered form occurs. The plant shown<br />

originates from the Dulces Nombres population, bearing the<br />

collection number Lau 1375. The photo is taken from the collection<br />

of L. Gavazzi (plant purchased from W. Blum nursery).<br />

4) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> pentalophus “fa. albiflorus”.<br />

This beautiful white-flowered form of E. pentalophus bears the<br />

ref. ERC 759 (the <strong>Echinocereus</strong> Reference Collection of D.<br />

Parker, Birmingham U.K.). It is reported from Vista Hermosa,<br />

Queretaro, MX. (Photo of a grafted stem, in the collection of B.<br />

Beaston)<br />

5) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> scheeri, form.<br />

This picture features a very distinctive form of E. scheeri,<br />

distributed in 1992 as ISI-92-3, and bearing the Huntington<br />

Botanical Gardens code HBG 56062. Growing in dense clumps<br />

of finger-like stems, with long tubular purplish flowers, it was<br />

collected by W. Reppenhagen on February 8, 1980, at 700-1150<br />

m alt. near La Bufa, Barranca del Cobre, Chihuahua, Mx.


del Cobre, Chihuahua, Messico. Secondo alcuni dovrebbe<br />

costituire varietà a sé stante. (coll. e foto B. Beaston)<br />

6) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii sp. Monte de Dios.<br />

Questa forma particolare ha circa 16 coste e scure spine<br />

pettinate (20 radiali e 1-3 centrali di circa 6 mm). I bellissimi<br />

fiori bicolori hanno gola marrone rossastro e sono<br />

rosa chiaro nella parte più esterna. Fu raccolta da anonimo<br />

in Messico nei primi anni ’80. Non si conoscono dati<br />

tranne il luogo di raccolta. La forma è rimasta identica al<br />

tipo in seconda generazione ed è difficile considerarla un<br />

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According to some, it should deserve varietal status. (Photo and<br />

collection: B. Beaston)<br />

6) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> reichenbachii sp. Monte de Dios.<br />

This is an outstanding form. It has about 16 ribs, with consistently<br />

dark pectinate spines (20 radials and 1 to 3 centrals about 6 mm<br />

long). The beautiful bi-coloured flowers have a maroon throat,<br />

and a much lighter pink colour on the outer half.It was originally<br />

collected in Mexico by an unknown individual, in the early 80’s.<br />

No specific data were given, other than the name “species Monte<br />

de Dios”. The form has remained true to type in second generation<br />

E. reichenbachii sp. Monte de Dios. E. “reichenbachii fa.pailana” in habitat, G. Cepeda, Coah Mx.<br />

E. “reichenbachii fa. pailana” in coltivazione/in cultivation. E. chloranthus, forma Tortuga Mtn, Doña Ana Co., NM, USA.<br />

cultivar in considerazione dei suoi caratteri distintivi. (Foto<br />

e collezione B. Beaston)<br />

7) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> “reichenbachii fa. pailana” / <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

“pectinatus var. gralcepeda”.<br />

Queste forme straordinariamente belle provengono dallo stato<br />

di Coahuila, Messico. La forma nota come E. “reichenbachii<br />

fa. pailana” fu distribuita da un vivaio californiano<br />

negli U.S.A. circa 7 anni fa, senza dati o nome precisi: sono<br />

stati usati entrambi gli epiteti “pailana” e “pailanus”. Vive<br />

nella Sierra De La Paila, come mostra la foto scattata in<br />

plants, and can hardly be thought as a cultivar, considering its<br />

very distinctive characters. (Photo and collection: B. Beaston)<br />

7) E. “reichenbachii fa. pailana”/ <strong>Echinocereus</strong><br />

“pectinatus var. gralcepeda”.<br />

These exceptionally nice forms come from Coahuila, Mx. The<br />

form known as E. “reichenbachii fa. pailana” was<br />

distributed by a Californian nursery in the U.S. about 7 years<br />

ago, with no precise data, nor a consistent spelling: both<br />

epithets “pailana” and “pailanus” have been used. It grows<br />

in Sierra De La Paila, as shown in the habitat photo taken


habitat presso General Cepeda da S. Plath. Piuttosto che<br />

una forma di E. reichenbachii, potrebbe essere una varietà<br />

non ancora descritta di E. rigidissimus. Sia il fiore che il<br />

frutto sono comparabili a quelli di E. rigidissimus var.<br />

rubispinus e alla forma arizonica di E. rigidissimus per quanto<br />

concerne il frutto. Una seconda forma con caratteristiche<br />

simili fu distribuita da H. Kuenzler con il numero di rac-<br />

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near General Cepeda by S. Plath. Rather than a reichenbachii<br />

form, it is likely to be a new and undescribed variety of E.<br />

rigidissimus. The flower and fruit are comparable to E.<br />

rigidissimus var. rubispinus, and the Arizona form of E.<br />

rigidissimus, in the fruit. A second form with similar<br />

characters was distributed by H. Kuenzler with the collection<br />

data HK 2743 from Coahuila Mx, and under the name E.<br />

E. “pectinatus var. gralcepeda”. E. chloranthus, SB 506, Doña Ana Co., NM, USA.<br />

colta HK 2743, Coahuila, Messico col nome E. “pectinatus<br />

var. gralcepeda” (sic). Si può supporre che l’epiteto sia una<br />

abbreviazione/corruzione per General Cepeda e si riferisca<br />

quindi alla stessa località citata per la forma precedente.<br />

Entrambe le forme presentano uno spettacolare fiore<br />

a tre colori, con gola scura, banda centrale bianca ed esterno<br />

dei petali rosa. Le piante hanno 15-18 coste con areole<br />

ovali distanti fra loro meno di 1,6 mm, ornate da spine<br />

radiali marrone scuro nella forma pailana e grigio cenere<br />

nella forma “gralcepeda”. Le spine radiali sono circa 26,<br />

lunghe 3 mm nella parte centrale inferiore e leggermente<br />

più corte in quella superiore. Non vi sono spine centrali.<br />

Entrambe le forme hanno presentano una strozzatura al<br />

colletto e hanno radici carnose. In particolare la forma<br />

“gralcepeda” assomiglia a una versione gigante di E. primolanatus<br />

(che pure cresce in Sierra de la Paila), senza i peli giovanili al<br />

colletto. Anche i fiori sono comparabili a quelli di E. primolanatus.<br />

(Note di B. Beaston; foto di B. Beaston e S. Plath)<br />

8) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus, forme, Doña Ana Co., NM.<br />

Queste fotografie raffigurano forme estreme di E.<br />

chloranthus presente nella contea di Doña Ana in Nuovo<br />

Messico. La prima foto, scattata da Terry Corbett nel maggio<br />

1973, raffigura una forma di Tortugas Mountain. La<br />

seconda, di L. Gavazzi, mostra una pianta molto simile in<br />

coltivazione, con il numero SB 506. T. Corbett commenta<br />

così: “La forma di E. chloranthus da Tortugas Mountain è<br />

piuttosto variabile nel suo habitat. Alcune piante hanno<br />

lunghe spine ricurve. Il colore dei fiori varia dal verde al<br />

bruno-rossastro. Tortugas Mountain è circa 2 miglia a sudest<br />

di Las Cruces, nella contea di Doña Ana, Nuovo Messico.<br />

Si tratta di una montagna calcarea, bassa e isolata. E.<br />

stramineus ed E. rosei crescono in questa stessa zona insieme<br />

con Echinocactus horizonthalonius. Si trovano occasionalmente<br />

ibridi naturali di E. rosei ed E. chloranthus che producono<br />

“E. neomexicanus”. È interessante notare che E. dasyacanthus<br />

non si trova qui, sebbene cresca 25 miglia a sud<br />

nelle Franklin Mountains, dove cresce a basse altitudini,<br />

mentre più in alto viene sostituito da E. chloranthus”.<br />

“pectinatus var. gralcepeda” (sic). It seems reasonable to<br />

assume that the epithet is just a corruption/abbreviation for<br />

General Cepeda, and therefore refers to the location mentioned<br />

above for the first form. Both forms have a much more strikingly<br />

tri-coloured flower than E. rigidissimus: dark in the throat,<br />

with a white central band, whereas the outer ring of petals is<br />

pink. There are from 15 to 18 ribs on these two forms, made<br />

up of oval shaped areoles with less than 1.6 mm separating<br />

them, arrayed with an oval shaped cluster of radial spines of<br />

a rich brown colour in “pailana”, and ashen grey in<br />

“gralcepeda”. These radials are about 26 in count, about 3<br />

mm long in the central section downwards, and slightly shorter<br />

in the upper one. There are no central spines in either form.<br />

Both forms have a restricted neck, and an enlarged rootstock.<br />

In particular, the form “gralcepeda” looks like a giant version<br />

of E. primolanatus (also growing in Sierra de la Paila),<br />

without the juvenile hairs on the neck. Even the flowers compare.<br />

(Notes by B. Beaston; photos by B. Beaston and S. Plath)<br />

8) <strong>Echinocereus</strong> chloranthus, forms, from Doña Ana Co., NM.<br />

These pictures represent extreme forms of E. chloranthus,<br />

found in Doña Ana County, New Mexico. The first photo,<br />

taken in habitat by T. Corbett in May 1973, features a form<br />

from Tortugas Mtn. The second photo (by L. Gavazzi) features<br />

a very similar plant, in cultivation with field number SB 506.<br />

T. Corbett comments as follows: “The E. chloranthus form<br />

from Tortugas Mtn is rather variable in its natural habitat.<br />

Some plants have very long twisted spines. The colour of the<br />

flower varies from green to reddish brown. Tortugas Mountain<br />

is about 2 miles southeast of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County,<br />

New Mexico. It is a low, isolated limestone mountain. E. stramineus<br />

and E. rosei also grow there, along with<br />

Echinocactus horizonthalonius. Occasionally one finds<br />

natural hybrids between E. rosei and E. chloranthus that<br />

produce “E. neomexicanus”. It is interesting that E.<br />

dasyacanthus is not found there, although it grows about 25<br />

miles to the south in the Franklin Mountains, where it occurs<br />

at the lower altitudes, and is replaced by E. chloranthus on<br />

the higher slopes.”


Lo stupefacente fiore di E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus (Lau 088)<br />

con i tipici stigmi brunastri e vellutati.<br />

The stunning flower of E. rigidissimus var. rubispinus (Lau 088),<br />

with its typical velvet-brownish stigmas.<br />

E. papillosus ha grandi fiori appariscenti larghi fino a 12 cm.<br />

La gola rosso porpora contrasta con i grandi segmenti giallo<br />

chiaro del perianzio.<br />

E. papillosus has large showy flowers, up to 12 cm in diameter. A deep<br />

purple red throat contrasts the pale yellow of broad perianth-segments.<br />

L’aspetto setoso del fiore di E. viereckii var. morricalii, colore<br />

uniforme magenta intenso, e grande 10 cm.<br />

The silky appearance of a flower of E. viereckii var. morricalii: a<br />

uniform deep magenta colour, it is 10 cm in diameter.<br />

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Close-ups<br />

Fotografie di L. Di Martino se non diversamente indicato<br />

All photographs courtesy of L. Di Martino, unless otherwise attributed<br />

110<br />

Gli stigmi verde brillante contrastano con i segmenti rosa chiaro<br />

del perianzio di E. schmollii. Di diametro fino a 5 cm, i fiori si<br />

aprono all’inizio della primavera quasi all’apice dei sottili fusti.<br />

Bright green stigmas contrast the pale pink perianth-segments of the<br />

flowers of E. schmollii. Up to 5 cm in diameter, they open in early<br />

spring very near the tip of slender hairy stems.<br />

E. laui ha fiori rosa brillante con stretti segmenti lanceolati<br />

disposti in tre file. I fiori sono in genere piuttosto piccoli, ma in<br />

alcuni cloni possono anche raggiungere un diametro di 7 cm.<br />

E. laui has bright pink flowers with narrow lanceolate segments<br />

arranged in three rows. Flowers are generally rather small, but some<br />

clones produce larger flowers, up to 7 cm in diameter.<br />

Il fiore di E. pulchellus var. sharpii: bianco, abbastanza grande,<br />

con segmenti elegantemente lanceolati.<br />

The fairly large white flower, with elegantly lanceolate segments,<br />

of E. pulchellus var. sharpii.


E. dasyacanthus ha solitamente grandi fiori gialli come in questa<br />

illustrazione. Si noti il caratteristico lungo stilo bianco sormontato<br />

dagli stigmi verde scuro.<br />

E. dasyacanthus has most commonly large yellow flowers, as<br />

reproduced here. Notice the distinctively long white style, topped by the<br />

dark green cup of stigmas.<br />

E. hempelii produce fiori straordinariamente grandi nel gruppo<br />

fendleri. Si noti la gola scura con base verdastra e carnosa.<br />

E. hempelii produces exceedingly large flowers within the fendleri<br />

complex. Note the dark throat with greenish fleshy base.<br />

Il vero E. berlandieri ha larghi fiori rosa porpora a forma di<br />

imbuto, con gola più scura.<br />

The true E. berlandieri has broad funnelform, purplish pink flowers,<br />

with a darker throat.<br />

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E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi ha fiori imbutiformi bicolori, con gola<br />

rossa che contrasta con i segmenti rosa scuro del perianzio.<br />

E. ferreirianus var. lindsayi has bicoloured funnelform flowers, with a<br />

bright red throat contrasting deep pink perianth-segments.<br />

L’appariscente fiore rosa di E. pentalophus, con la tipica<br />

grande gola bianca.<br />

The showy pink flower of E. pentalophus, with typical<br />

ample white throat.<br />

La gola color cremisi intenso caratterizza i fiori di E. fitchii e<br />

altre forme simili nel gruppo caespitosus/reichenbachii.<br />

The deep crimson throat characterizes the flowers of E. fitchii and other<br />

allied forms within the caespitosus/reichenbachii complex.


E. “melanocentrus” è solitamente considerato una forma di E.<br />

reichenbachii var. albertii. Come in E. fitchii, i fiori hanno una gola<br />

rosso scuro. Si notino i caratteristici stigmi grigiastri.<br />

E. “melanocentrus” is usually considered a form of E. reichenbachii<br />

var. albertii. Like in E. fitchii, flowers have dark red throat.<br />

Notice the peculiar greyish stigmas.<br />

E. pseudopectinatus ha fiori magenta chiaro con base bianco<br />

verdastra, grandi fino a 12 cm. Il fiore in questa fotografia<br />

appartiene a una pianta da seme SB 247, Cochise Co. Az.<br />

E. pseudopectinatus has light magenta flowers, greenish-white at<br />

base, up to 12 cm in diameter. The flower in this picture belongs to a<br />

plant grown from SB 247 seed, Cochise Co. Az.<br />

Una barriera di filamenti circondata da una moltitudine di<br />

petali sottili e acuminati nella pianta comunemente nota come<br />

E. pulchellus var. amoenus.<br />

An upright fence of stamen filaments surrounded by a plethora of thin acuminate<br />

petals, in the plant commonly known as E. pulchellus var. amoenus.<br />

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Il corto fiore imbutiforme di E. russanthus fa. “vulpis-cauda” (da<br />

seme HK 1531, Brewster Co., Texas).<br />

The short funnelform flower of E. russanthus fa. “vulpis-cauda” (ex<br />

HK 1531 seed, from Brewster Co., Texas).<br />

La fitta corona di stami di E. baileyi si staglia contro i setosi<br />

segmenti rosa del perianzio.<br />

The dense crown of stamens in E. baileyi unfolds against the satin pink<br />

perianth-segments.<br />

Il fiore rosso brillante di E. acifer dura a lungo. Si noti la<br />

colorazione rosa dei filamenti.<br />

The bright red, long-lasting flower of E. acifer. Notice the pinkish tinge<br />

of stamen filaments.


Lo spettacolare fiore arancione a base<br />

verde di E. pectinatus var. ctenoides, da<br />

Melchor Muzquiz, Coah., Messico.<br />

(Foto: W. S. LaHaye)<br />

The spectacular orange flower, greenish at base,<br />

of E. pectinatus var. ctenoides, from Melchor<br />

Muzquiz, Coah., Mexico. (Photo: W. S. LaHaye)<br />

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Gli stigmi verde scuro circondati<br />

da un anello di stami giallo<br />

brillante si stagliano contro i<br />

candidi petali della forma ERC 759<br />

a fiore bianco di E. pentalophus.<br />

(Foto: W. S. LaHaye)<br />

Dark green stigmas encircled by a ring<br />

of bright yellow stamens stand out<br />

against the candid petals of the ERC<br />

759 white-flowered form of E.<br />

pentalophus. (Photo: W. S. LaHaye)<br />

I fiori di E. russanthus non si aprono completamente. La forma qui illustrata è da semi HK 1287 (fa.<br />

“cowperi”), Cooks Range, Nuovo Messico.<br />

Flowers in E. russanthus do not open widely. The form portrayed is ex HK 1287 seed (fa. “cowperi”), from<br />

Cooks Range, New Mexico.<br />

113<br />

Forma di E. scheeri della Sierra Obscura, Chih,<br />

Messico. Fiore rosso-arancio a gola gialla, stigmi<br />

verdi e antere rosse. (Foto: W. S. LaHaye)<br />

E. scheeri form, from Sierra Obscura, Chih,<br />

Mexico. Orange red flower, with a yellow flash in<br />

the throat, green stigmas and reddish anthers.<br />

(Photo: W. S. LaHaye)


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E. pentalophus in habitat, E of Ciudad del Maiz,<br />

Tam, Mx (Photo: G. Orbani).<br />

E. pentalophus? in habitat, una forma con fiori inusuali/a form with<br />

rather unusual flowers, Jaumave Valley, Tam, Mx (Photo: G. Orbani).<br />

114

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