Ellipsaria - Freshwater Mollusk Conservation

NEWSLETTER OF THE FRESHWATER MOLLUSK CONSERVATION SOCIETY 

Volume 12, No. 2 http://www.molluskconservation.org August 2010 

 

 

 

 

 

 

President’s Message 

Transitions 

It’s been an exciting past several months as I, your Executive Committee, and your Board have all worked to help transition 

FMCS into a new era of member services and support and outward visibility. Specifically, through the dedication of Greg 

Zimmerman, Heidi Dunn, Andy Roberts, and many others in the Society, coupled with the expertise and of hard work of 

Sophie Binder with Sophie Binder Designs, we have unveiled our new Society web site and presence at 

http://www.molluskconservation.org. I encourage every member to visit the site and look around at what we have to offer. 

There is information there for people wishing to learn more about mollusks, as well as a new members-only section that 

with time will allow you to pay dues, register for meetings, access newsletters, update your contact information and submit a 

manuscript for publication in the Society Journal, among others. This very important step in the growth and evolution of 

our Society will allow us to become timelier with communications and services, reduce our operating costs, and certainly 

reduce our carbon footprint. Of course, as with any new endeavor, there will be some minor glitches to figure out, some 

editing that is needed, and a lot of new and important information added. I ask that you please be patient, offer your 

constructive criticism and comments, and most of all, submit material and information that will make this a better web site 

for you and for others. Please contact your Committee Co-Chairs, especially those who need to populate their pages with 

information, with your suggestions and content. By the time this newsletter gets to your mailbox, one of the last hard copies 

we will likely produce as we transition to electronic newsletters, you will have received an e-mail message that contains 

your member password and explains how to login and update accordingly. I encourage you to get in, look around, and most 

of all, let us know what you think can be improved upon. 

I wish you all the best for the remainder of the summer and fall and will hope to see many of you in Kirkwood, Missouri on 

October 19-21 for the 2010 FMCS Workshop on Regional Fauna Identification and Sampling---Greg 

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2010 FMCS Workshop 

Regional Fauna Identification & Sampling 

Powder Valley Conservation Nature Center 

Kirkwood, Missouri 

October 19 – 21, 2010 

‘Show-Me’ your umbones! 

A panel of regional fauna experts will give presentations on mussels unique to their area, common species shared with other 

regions that "just look different here", and the ever popular "problem children". They will also give tips and pointers on unique 

collecting methods used in the region. Additional experts will give presentations on general freshwater mussel identification and 

sampling techniques. There will be ample time to view representative specimens from the regions, and time to spend discussing 

characters with the experts. 

The workshop will be held at Missouri Department of Conservation’s Powder Valley Conservation Nature Center 

(http://www.mdc.mo.gov/areas/cnc/powder), located in a 112 acre oak-hickory forest just southwest of St. Louis, Missouri in the 

lower Meramec River watershed. Following the workshop, field trips to the nearby Meramec River, Mississippi River and the 

U.S. Geological Survey’s Columbia Environmental Research Center are planned. 

The workshop is limited to 200 attendees. For Registration form, hotel link, and more information: 

http://molluskconservation.org/2010_Registration.html. 

For more information please contact Steve McMurray (Stephen.McMurray@mdc.mo.gov; 573.882.9909) or Heidi Dunn 

(hdunn@ecologicalspecialists.com; 636.281.1982). 

ATTENTION STUDENTS! The planning committee needs your help! Student workers are needed to assist with registering 

participants and with other tasks during the workshop. In return for working a few hours during the workshop, students will 

receive 50% off the registration rate for the conference. A limited number of spots are available. Contact Steve McMurray, 2010 

Workshop Co-Chair (Stephen.McMurray@mdc.mo.gov) to sign up on a first-come, first-served basis. 

2010 Workshop Agenda 

Monday, October 18, 2010 

1:00 pm – 8:00 pm Workshop set up: Powder Valley Conservation Nature Center (CNC) Classrooms 

5:00 pm – 7:00 pm Registration: Holiday Inn Viking Conference Center, Concourse Area 

6:00 pm – 8:00 pm 

Tuesday, October 19, 2010 

FMCS Fall Board Meeting: Holiday Inn Viking Conference Center, Concourse Area 

8:00 am – 5:00 pm Registration: Powder Valley CNC Lobby 

8:00 am – 8:15 am Welcome/Call to Order:: Powder Valley CNC Auditorium 

Greg Cope, FMCS President, North Carolina State University 

8:15 am – 8:30 am Introduction to the Workshop 

Stephen McMurray, Missouri Department of Conservation 

8:30: am – 9:00 am Overview of Freshwater Mussel Identification 

G. Thomas Watters, Ohio State University Museum of Biological Diversity 

9:00 am – 9:45 am Northern & Southern Atlantic Slope Fauna 

Arthur E. Bogan, NC State Museum of Natural Sciences 

9:45 am – 10:00 am Break 

10:00 am – 12:00 pm Shell Time: Powder Valley CNC Classrooms 

12:00 pm – 1:15 pm Lunch (Provided) 

1:15 pm –2:00 pm Southeast U.S./Mobile Basin Fauna 

Paul D. Johnson, Alabama Aquatic Biodiversity Center 

Jeff Garner, Alabama Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries 

2:00 pm – 3:30 pm Shell Time: Powder Valley CNC Classrooms 

3:00 pm – 3:15 pm Break 

3:30 pm – 4:15 pm Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint & St. Marys Fauna 

Michael Gangloff, Appalachian State University 


5:30 pm-7:00 pm Dinner (On Your Own) 

7:00 pm – 10:00 pm Mixer/Social: Holiday Inn Viking Conference Center, Concourse Area

Wednesday, October 20, 2010 

8:00 am – 5:00 pm Registration: Powder Valley CNC Lobby 

8:00 am – 8:30 am Overview of Sampling 

Heidi Dunn, Ecological Specialists, Inc. 

Dave Strayer, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies 

8:30 am – 9:15 am Interior Highlands/Mississippi Embayment Fauna 

John L. Harris, Arkansas Highway & Transportation Department 

and Arkansas State University Museum of Zoology 

9:15 am – 10:00 am Cumberlandian Fauna 

Steve Ahlstedt, U.S. Geological Survey 

Gerry Dinkins, Dinkins Biological Consulting 

10:00 am – 10:15 am Break 

10:15 am – 12:00 Shell Time: Powder Valley CNC Classrooms 

12:00 pm – 1:00 pm Lunch (Provided) 

1:00 pm – 1:45 pm Interior Basin Fauna 

Kevin Cummings, Illinois Natural History Survey 

Jeremy Tiemann, Illinois Natural History Survey 

1:45 pm – 2:30 pm Western U.S. Fauna 

Jayne Brim Box, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation 


3:00 pm – 3:15 pm Break 

3:30 pm – 4:15 pm Texas/Western Gulf Fauna 

Robert G. Howells, Biostudies 


Thursday, October 21, 2010 

8:00 am – 4:30 pm Field Trips (Lunch Provided) – Depart from Holiday Inn Viking Conference Center 

1. Meramec River at Pacific Palisades Conservation Area 

2. Mississippi River 

3. USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center 

A Missouri Wildlife Collector’s Permit may be needed if you plan on retaining specimens 

collected on the field trip; please contact Steve McMurray (Stephen.McMurray@mdc.mo.gov) 

6:30 pm – 8:30 pm Public Outreach Event – Powder Valley Conservation Nature Center 

There will be a presentation by Dr. Chris Barnhart, Missouri State University. 

Afterwards there will be a "shell and tell" with opportunity to handle specimens and ask 

questions near the FMCS outreach display for those attending. 

Wonders Down Under: the Amazing World of Freshwater Mussels 

A presentation by Dr. Chris Barnhart, Missouri State University 

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Announcements & News 

Introducing fwgna.org! 

The Freshwater Gastropods of North America project is 

pleased to announce our new website, www.fwgna.org! The 

new site retains all the features that made the old familiar 

cofc.edu/fwgna so convenient for users from the Atlantic 

drainages of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and 

Georgia. Plus we've now added species indexes (both 

alphabetical and sortable taxonomic) that allow users from 

anywhere to access any of the 65 species accounts directly, 

without becoming lost in a forest of synonyms. 

Funding from the Virginia Department of Game and Inland 

Fisheries has allowed us to expand our coverage of the 

Virginia Atlantic drainages significantly, and supported the 

development of single-page species accounts downloadable as 

PDF documents. Photo galleries, dichotomous keys, 

distribution maps and conservation recommendations are 

included for the four-state area as well. 

There’s a nice bibliography of references to the North 

American freshwater gastropod literature since 1900 and a 

collection of links to online resources. See the FWGNA blog 

for discussions of the most recent news, and archives back to 

1998. 

So visit us again, for the first time, at www.fwgna.org! 

Submitted by Rob Dillon 

OVUM - Ohio Valley Unified Malacologists 

We are pleased to announce the fourth annual meeting of 

OVUM, the Ohio (River) Valley Unified Malacologists, 

November 6 & 7, 2010. OVUM is open to all individuals 

interested in molluscs. OVUM has no dues, officers, abstract 

requirements, or publications – just a meeting. The meeting is 

open to professionals, amateurs, conservationists, agency folk, 

students – everyone. Previous meetings have been held at the 

Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh and the 

Cincinnati Museum Center. OVUM is a one-day meeting, 

which will be held at the Division of Molluscs, Museum of 

Biological Diversity of The Ohio State University, Columbus, 

Ohio. There will be a second day field trip. 

For more information, please click on the link at 

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~molluscs/OSUM2 

We hope to see you in November! 

G. Thomas Watters 

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Publications 

Pandolfo, T. J., W. G. Cope, C. Arellano, R. B. Bringolf, M. 

C. Barnhart, and E. Hammer. 2010. Upper thermal 

tolerances of early life stages of freshwater mussels. Journal 

of the North American Benthological Society. 29(3):959-969. 

Pandolfo, T. J., W. G. Cope, and C. Arellano. 2010. 

Thermal tolerance of juvenile freshwater mussels (Unionidae) 

under the added stress of copper. Environmental Toxicology 

and Chemistry. 29(3):691-699. 

Please contact Greg Cope (e-mail: greg_cope@ncsu.edu) 

to request a reprint of the above articles. 

Bartsch, M.R., S.J. Zigler, T.J. Newton, and J.S. Sauer. 

2010. Influence of shell morphology on distributions of 

unionids in the Upper Mississippi River. Journal of Molluscan 

Studies 76:67-76. 

Bringolf, R.B., R.M. Heltsley, T.J. Newton, C.B. Eads, S.J. 

Fraley, D. Shea, and W.G. Cope. 2010. Environmental 

occurrence and reproductive effects of the pharmaceutical 

Fluoxetine in native freshwater mussels. Environmental 

Toxicology and Chemistry 29:1311-1318. 

Daraio, J.A., L.J. Weber, and T.J. Newton. 2010. 

Hydrodynamic modeling of juvenile mussel dispersal in a 

large river: the potential effects of bed shear stress and other 

hydraulic parameters. Journal of the North American 

Benthological Society 29:838-851. 

Daraio, J.A., L.J. Weber, T.J. Newton, and J.M. Nestler. 

2010. A methodological framework for integrating 

computation fluid dynamics and ecological models applied to 

juvenile freshwater mussel dispersal in the Upper Mississippi 

River. Ecological Modelling 221:201-214. 

Smith, D.R., B.R. Gray, T.J. Newton, and D. Nichols. 2010. 

Effect of imperfect detectability on adaptive and conventional 

sampling: simulated sampling of freshwater mussels in the 

Upper Mississippi River. Environmental Monitoring and 

Assessment: in press. 

Submitted by Teresa Newton, tnewton@usgs.gov 

The Freshwater Mussels (Mollusca:Bivalvia:Unionidae) 

of the Channelized Missouri River by Ellet Hoke, 

Manchester, MO, email: ellethoke@charter.net. The Journal 

of the Iowa Academy of Science 116(1-4):36-43. 2009. 

A Review: by Marian E Havlik, Malacological Consultants, 

La Crosse, WI 54601-6609. 

This is an important paper, published in a journal that has a 

limited distribution. The author summarizes past unionid 

records/museum vouchers for the entire Missouri River. This 

casts doubt on earlier authors who stated that there were no 

unionids in the lower Missouri River because of the sediment 

load. Although the author agrees that there has been substrate

instability through time causing generally poor habitat, 

nevertheless there are still microhabitats where unionids live in 

the lower Missouri River. 

Figured are 64 previously unreported sites the author sampled 

in Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska. Hoke found 14 unionid 

species in the lower Missouri River including state and 

federally listed mussel species, plus the exotic Corbicula 

fluminea. 

NEW: Guide to Texas Freshwater Mussels 

This new guide includes color photographs of all freshwater 

mussel species (Unionidae) documented in the fresh waters of 

Texas, as well as other bivalve species from inland waters 

(Asian Clam, fingernail clams, Atlantic Rangia, Carolina 

Marshclam, Zebra Mussel, Dark Falsemussel). Description and 

range accompany each species account. The guide (30 pages) 

also contains a brief text addressing basic biology and life 

cycle, as well as labeled figures of shell features, references, 

and full color photos of every species. 

Order From: Robert G. Howells 

BioStudies 

160 Bearskin Trail 

Kerrville, Texas 78028 

biostudies@hctc.net 

Price: $10.00 (includes tax) + $2.00 S&H (each copy) 

$9.33 per copy for tax exempt organizations (with tax exempt 

certification) 

· Make checks payable to BioStudies 

· Sorry, no credit card orders 

5 

Contributed Articles 

The following articles were contributed by FMCS members and 

others in the malacological community. The contributions are 

incorporated into the newsletter with minimal editing and the 

opinions expressed therein are those of the authors. 

Some Holocene Unionids from the 

Chicago Outlet 

David Walker 

Field Museum 

218 South Edgewood Ave. 

LaGrange, IL 60525 

The Chicago Outlet drained Lake Michigan, with some 

lengthy interruptions, until around 4000 BP. When open, two 

broad rivers flowed southwest from the lake along either side 

of a knob and kettle upland called Mount Forest Island, 

converging at the Des Plaines River, which farther south, 

along with the Kankakee, becomes the Illinois River. 

Between Saganashkee Slough and the Cal-Sag Canal, roughly 

in the middle of the southern or Sag Channel of the old outlet 

is an exposure of sandy silt containing fossils of unionids and 

gastropods. 

F.C. Baker found eight unionid species at the canal and West 

92nd Ave.. The current survey, a mile southwest at 108th 

Ave. nearly duplicates his collection. 

Baker 1910 -1912 Current Survey 2009 

Elliptio crassidens Elliptio crassidens 

Elliptio gibbosus =Elliptio dilatata Elliptio dilatata 

Pleurobema coccineum 

magnalacustris= Pleurobema sintoxia 

Pleurobema sintoxia 

Crenodonta undulata= Amblema 

plicata 

Amblema plicata 

Fusconaia undata=Fusconaia flava Fusconaia flava 

Eurynaia recta=Ligumia recta Ligumia recta 

Lampsilis ventricosa=Lampsilis Obovaria oliveria 

cardium 

Quadrula pustulosa Quadrula pustulosa 

Lasmigona costata 

Cyclonaias tuberculata 

These remains date from the last time the outlet was open, 

between ca. 5500 and 4000 BP, during the Nipissing phase of 

the Holocene great lakes. 

References 

Baker, F.C. 1920, The Life of the Pleistocene: University of 

Illinois 

Hansel, A.K., Mickelson, D.M., Schneider, A.F., and Larsen, 

C.E., Late Wisconsinian and Holocene History of the Lake 

Michigan Basin: Geological Association of Canada Special 

Paper 30, 1085.

New Depths for the Florida Apple Snail, 

Pomacea paludosa 

Jennifer L. Bernatis 

School of Natural Resources and Environment, 

University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 

bernatis@ufl.edu 

The Florida apple snail, Pomacea paludosa, is the only apple 

snail native in the United States. P. paludosa is found 

throughout Florida and is the primary food source for the 

endangered Everglade Snail Kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis 

plumbeus (Darby, 2005; Kushlan, 1975). The snail was once 

abundant in many locations throughout Florida, but population 

numbers have been suspected to be declining in recent years. 

Reasons for this decline may include environmental 

perturbations (i.e. pollutants, water levels), destruction of 

habitat, and establishment of populations of non-native apple 

snails belonging to the Pomacea canaliculata complex. Darby 

et al. (2002) suggested P. paludosa exhibits an aversion to 

water depths greater than 50 cm. Reasons for this include the 

need to breathe atmospheric air, and the amount of energy 

required to move up to the water/air interface. Darby (1998) 

also suggested that the accumulation of unconsolidated organic 

material may restrict movement into deep water. Reduced 

food availability, habitat structure, and low levels of dissolved 

oxygen may also account for the absence of snails in deeper 

water. However, recent observations and collections of 

P. paludosa in Apopka Spring may suggest that depth is not a 

deterrent to the snails. 

Apple snails were observed in Apopka Spring over several 

monthly sampling trips by diver Tom Morris, of Karst 

Environmental Services (High Springs, FL). In April 2010, 

snails were collected and identified as P. paludosa. Four 

snails were removed from the spring vent. Two of the snails 

were collected at 12.2 m, one at 13.1 m and the last at 14.6 m. 

The three snails at the lesser depths were all firmly attached to 

the rocky substrate. The deeper snail was loosely attached and 

resting on the substrate. Temperature in the spring was 

23.3 o C and the water was clear. There was no vegetation in 

the spring vent and no snail egg masses were observed near 

emergent vegetation around the boil. Although flow at the 

spring vent was measured at 20 cfs, the flow at the location of 

the snails was 1-1.5 cfs. The snails were taken to a laboratory 

facility and remained in good condition until July 2010. 

Water level requirements of apple snails continue to be of 

interest as they are the primary food source for the endangered 

Everglades Snail Kite. However, while the snail may prefer 

less deep habitat, this finding may provide insight into where 

the snails are finding refuge in periods of environmental 

perturbations. Locations with deeper holes, particularly spring 

systems, where snail populations are presumed reduced or 

extirpated, need to be surveyed for the presence of snails; as 

the presence of snails in these locations may be indicative of 

other water quality problems. 

Darby, P. 2005. Apple snail abundance in Snail Kite foraging 

sites on Lake Okeechobee in 2005. Annual Report for 

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 

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Darby, P., Bennetts, R., Miller, S., and Percival, H. 2002. 

Movements of Florida apple snails in relation to water 

levels and drying events. Wetlands 22(3) 489-498. 

Darby, P. 1998. Florida applesnail (Pomacea paludosa Say) 

life history in the context of a hydrologically fluctuating 

environment. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Florida, 

Gainesville, FL, USA. 

Kushlan, J. 1975. Population changes of the apple snail, 

Pomacea paludosa, in the southern Everglades. The 

Nautilus 89(1) 21-23. 

A Recent Record of the Cumberland 

Moccasionshell, Medionidus conradicus 

(Bivalvia: Unionidae), from Alabama 

Stuart W. McGregor 

Geological Survey of Alabama 

P.O. Box 869999 Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 

smcgregor@gsa.state.al.us, 205-247-3629 

The freshwater mussel genus Medionidus Simpson, 1900, is 

found in the southeastern United States from Florida north to 

Kentucky and Virginia, and west to Mississippi, and is 

comprised of six species, four of which occur in Alabama. 

The type species, Medionidus conradicus (Lea, 1834) 

(Cumberland Moccasinshell), is a Cumberlandian species 

historically widespread in the Cumberland River system 

downstream of Cumberland Falls, Kentucky and Tennessee, 

and in the Tennessee River system from southwestern 

Virginia, western North Carolina, and eastern Tennessee 

downstream to the historic Muscle Shoals in northwestern 

Alabama. While records have been secured from numerous 

locations within these areas, it was collected only as 

archaeological material in the main stem Tennessee River in 

Alabama at Muscle Shoals before impoundment of the river by 

TVA, but likely was present elsewhere (Williams et al. 2008). 

In Alabama the Cumberland Moccasinshell persists in the 

upper Paint Rock River system in Jackson County near the 

Alabama/Tennessee state line and in Foxtrap Creek, a 

headwater tributary of Spring Creek in Colbert County 

(Mirarchi et al. 2004, Williams et al. 2008). 

Like its congeners, Medionidus conradicus is a relatively small 

species, reaching a maximum size of about 60 mm. It is 

usually found in riffles and runs in small creeks (e.g. Spring 

Creek) to medium rivers (e.g. Paint Rock River), but may be 

found in larger rivers under conditions mimicking a small 

stream environment, such as the braided channels found at the 

pre-impoundment Muscle Shoals. It is often found under large 

flat rocks and uses a byssal thread for attachment to the 

substrate. Its preferred fish hosts (from laboratory trials) 

include Etheostoma caeruleum Storer, 1845 (Rainbow Darter), 

Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque, 1819 (Fantail Darter), 

Etheostoma rufilineatum (Cope, 1870) (Redline Darter), and 

Etheostoma virgatum Jordan, 1880 (Striped Darter) (Mirarchi 

et al. 2004, Williams et al. 2008). 

The Cumberland Mocassinshell’s preference for free-flowing 

streams and its dependence on host fishes also suited to that 

habitat render it especially susceptible to the deleterious effects 

of impoundment, the inundation of riffles and runs by

sediments, and channel modification. Its precipitous decline in 

abundance and distribution could likely be traced to the 

impoundment of larger rivers and the lower ends of tributaries, 

and to careless land uses in and along tributaries leading to 

sedimentation and altered flow regimes. Stansbery (1976) 

considered the Cumberland Moccasinshell to be endangered. 

Williams et al. (1993) considered it to be a species of special 

concern throughout its range, as did Lydeard et al. (1999) 

within Alabama. Its vulnerability to extirpation due to limited 

distribution, rarity, and susceptibility to habitat degradation led 

to its designation as a species of Highest Conservation 

Concern in Alabama by Mirarchi et al. (2004). 

Lookout Creek rises near the community of Valley Head, 

DeKalb County, Alabama at an elevation of about 320 feet 

above mean sea level (msl). It is located in the Wills Valley 

District of the Cumberland Plateau Physiographic Section 

(Sapp and Emplaincourt 1975). From its source it flows 

northeast for about 7.5 miles into Dade County, Georgia and 

eventually into the Tennessee River near Chattanooga, 

Hamilton County, Tennessee. The valley averages about 2.0 

miles in width in Alabama for a drainage area of about 15 

square miles. Numerous springs that feed the creek are found 

at the foot of Lookout Mountain (summit elevation 550 msl), 

which borders the creek to the southeast, and Big Ridge 

(summit elevation 350 msl), which borders the creek to the 

northwest. Its two primary headwater tributaries, East Fork 

Lookout Creek and West Fork Lookout Creek, run parallel to 

one another and are divided by a long, sharp ridge known as 

Little Ridge (summit elevation 340 msl). Those forks meet 

just before the creek enters Georgia. The valley floor in the 

area is relatively level and the creek is often dominated by 

long, sluggish pools among limestone and dolomite rocks, 

especially in the extreme headwaters, with gentle riffles and 

runs of stable gravel and sand interspersed further 

downstream. 

During the summer of 2009 personnel of the Geological 

Survey of Alabama (GSA) conducted Index of Biotic Integrity 

(IBI) sampling for fishes at selected stations in the Tennessee 

River system of north Alabama, including one station in 

Lookout Creek just upstream of the Alabama/Georgia state 

line near Hartline Cemetery, and in the nearby tributary Dry 

Creek. Crayfishes were also collected at numerous stations 

within the system in Alabama during March and November of 

2009. Through these efforts a rather diverse aquatic fauna was 

documented for such a relatively small drainage, including 24 

fish species (one otherwise known from Alabama only in highquality 

streams in Lauderdale County), nine crayfish species, 

four mussel species, and several snail species (Elimia spp. and 

Pleurocera spp.). 

The water in the creek during the fish IBI sampling was 

relatively clear and was underlain by mostly stable 

gravel/cobble riffles and runs interspersed by pools with 

varying degrees of silt and sand, with some logjams present. 

The stream averaged about 3.0 m in width with a relatively 

level bottom, while depth averaged about 0.3 m in riffles and 

runs up to 1.5 m in a pool in a sharp bend in the creek. Cattle 

pastures with marginal riparian borders were present on the 

right descending bank along most of the length sampled and 

for a short distance on the left descending bank as well. The 

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majority of the left descending bank was bordered by a high 

bluff covered in hardwoods. Cattle access was unrestricted. 

Some bank failure was observed along the pastures. 

During the fish IBI sampling effort in Lookout Creek four 

mussel species and Corbicula fluminea (Asian Clam) (Müller, 

1774), were encountered. The mussels encountered include 

Medionidus conradicus and Pleuronaia barnesiana (Lea, 

1838) (Tennessee Pigtoe) (one fresh dead shell each), Villosa 

iris (Lea, 1829) (Rainbow) (one live plus three fresh dead and 

one weathered dead shells), and Villosa vanuxemensis (Lea, 

1838) (Mountain Creekshell) (two live plus one fresh dead and 

four weathered dead shells). The dead shells were found 

primarily among middens dominated by Asian Clams. 

Another live V. vanuxemensis along with three fresh dead 

shells and Asian Clams were subsequently collected in the 

upper reach of West Fork Lookout Creek, and a single live 

V. vanuxemensis along with Asian Clams in the East Fork, 

each during sampling for crayfish with kicknets. 

As previously stated, the Cumberland Moccasinshell is a 

species of Highest Conservation Concern in Alabama. The 

status of two of the other species encountered that day also 

warrant some concern. Due to its limited, disjunct distribution 

and susceptibility to habitat degradation, the Tennessee Pigtoe 

has been given a status of High Conservation Concern in 

Alabama, and due to its disjunct distribution and possible 

decreasing population trend or viability, the Rainbow has been 

given a status of Moderate Conservation Concern (Mirarchi et 

al. 2004). 

The presence of the Cumberland Moccasinshell at this location 

is likely due to the rural setting of the stream minimizing 

anthropogenic impacts and the fact that a large percentage of 

its watershed is forested. Furthermore, and likely also due to 

those same factors, there is a relatively intact fish fauna typical 

of a healthy headwater system in the Tennessee River valley of 

north Alabama. In fact, one of the recognized fish hosts for 

the Cumberland Moccasinshell, the Redline Darter, was the 

most commonly encountered of the 24 fish species collected 

during the fish IBI, and represented 24% of the catch. 

This population of the Cumberland Moccasinshell is very 

important in that it represents only the third population extant 

in Alabama. And, given that the continued viability of the 

Foxtrap Creek population in Colbert County is questionable 

(Mirarchi et al. 2004), it is even more important. The mussel 

fauna found during this effort incidental to fish sampling 

suggests that concerted effort using appropriate methodology 

might yield more species in this relatively isolated system, and 

underscores the need for additional research in other undersampled 

tributaries that might harbor as yet unknown 

populations of rare mussels and other taxa. 

Appreciation is extended to the family of Paul Ray for 

permitting access to the stream on their property and for 

assistance with field sampling. Also to Tom Shepard, Brett 

Smith, and Cal Johnson of GSA, Jeff Garner of the Alabama 

Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Guenter 

Schuster of Richmond, Kentucky, and Chris Taylor of the 

Illinois Natural History Survey for assistance with field 

sampling and identifications of collected material.

References 

Mirarchi, R.E., J. T. Garner, M.F. Mettee, and P.E. O’Neil, 

eds., 2004. Alabama wildlife, volume 2. Imperiled aquatic 

mollusks and fishes. The University of Alabama Press, 

Tuscaloosa, Alabama. 255 p. 

Lydeard, Charles, J.T. Garner, Paul Hartfield, and J.D. 

Williams, 1999. Freshwater mussels in the Gulf region: 

Alabama. Gulf of Mexico Science, 2:125-134. 

Sapp, C.D., and Jacques Emplaincourt, 1975. Physiographic 

regions of Alabama. Geological Survey of Alabama Map 

168. 

Stansbery, D. H., 1976. Naiad mollusks, in Boschung, H.T., 

ed. Endangered and Threatened Plants and Animals of 

Alabama. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Alabama Museum of 

Natural History Bulletin, 2: 92 p. 

Williams, J.D., A.E. Bogan, and J.T. Garner. 2008. The 

Freshwater Mussels of Alabama and the Mobile Basin of 

Georgia, Mississippi and Tennessee. The University of 

Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. 908 p. 

Williams, J.D., M.L. Warren, Jr., K.S. Cummings, J.L. Harris, 

and R.J. Neves, 1993. Conservation status of freshwater 

mussels of the United States and Canada. Fisheries 18:6-9. 

Modeling the Response of Imperiled 

Freshwater Mussels to Anthropogenically 

Induced Changes in Water Temperature, 

Habitat, and Flow in Streams of the 

Southeastern and Central United States 

Freshwater mussels are in serious global decline and urgently 

need protection and conservation. Declines in the abundance 

and diversity of North American mussels have been attributed 

to a wide array of human activities that cause pollution, waterquality 

degradation, and habitat destruction, and recent 

findings suggest that many species are living close to their 

upper thermal tolerances. This project will combine the 

expertise and resources of multiple scientists, agencies, and 

universities and build on past findings. The primary objective 

is to use newly developed mussel vulnerability and risk 

threshold data in downscaled watershed and instream regional 

models to allow federal and state natural resource managers to 

forecast species responses to climate change over the next 30- 

50 years and to develop adaptation strategies to mitigate the 

adverse effects. Secondary objectives will be to refine these 

models and to generate new models with empirical data 

produced from integrated laboratory and field studies of 

mussel temperature sensitivities in water and sediment, and 

instream flow and habitat assessments for mussels. Each 

objective specifically addresses priority needs of federal and 

state management partners. The research combines laboratory, 

field, and modeling approaches utilizing existing data and 

gathering new empirical information; spans broad spatial, 

temporal, and organizational scales; supports the higher 

education of future natural resource professionals; and 

contributes to the science and conservation of the most 

imperiled fauna in the world as affected by climate change. 

For more information contact: 

W. Gregory Cope, NC State University, Department of 

Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, 919-515-5296, 

greg_cope@ncsu.edu or 

8 

Teresa J. Newton, USGS, Upper Midwest Environmental 

Sciences Center, 608-781-6217, tnewton@usgs.gov 

The Aquarium Trade Continues to Endanger 

the Freshwater Mollusc Fauna in Israel 

Henk K. Mienis 

National Collections of Natural History, Dept. Zoology, 

Tel Aviv University, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel, and 

National Natural History Collections, Berman Building, 

Hebrew University, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel 

mienis@netzer.org.il 

In so called pet-shops the sale of aquarium attributes has 

always played an important part in the overall income. To 

these attributes belong of course not only all the necessary 

items like aquaria in all sizes and forms, water pumps, filters, 

heating systems (where necessary), but also an extremely rich 

variety of fish, aquatic plants and usually some snails in order 

to combat excessive algae growth. 

The snails encountered in most aquaria in Israel belonged 

usually to such species like Planorbella duryi (Wetherby, 

1879) (Planorbidae), Pseudosuccinea columella (Say, 1817) 

(Lymnaeidae), Haitia acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) (Physidae) 

and Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) (Thiaridae). 

Except for Melanoides tuberculata, all are non-native species, 

which have found their way to natural aquatic habitats 

throughout Israel a long time ago. 

In the last 10-15 years the number of exotic freshwater snails 

offered for sale in local pet shops has increased considerably. 

They range from an assortment of fist sized species of 

Pomacea from the Americas to much smaller additional 

species of the families Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae, and 

Physidae. Some of these species can be found here and there 

now in natural habitats and have to be looked upon as serious 

competitors of native species (Mienis, 2009). 

Most recently also other species of Thiaridae: Tarebia 

granifera (Lamarck, 1822) and Thiara scabra (Müller, 1774), 

both from the tropics, went on sale in Israel. Like the local 

Melanoides tuberculata they do extremely well in aquaria and 

turn soon into a nuisance. Since aquarium keepers are usually 

also animal lovers, excess snails are not killed but given away 

to other aquarium lovers or simply released in a nearby spring, 

stream, pond or lake. The latter event has recently happened in 

Israel with both Tarebia and Thiara. Within a very short time 

they managed to establish large populations in the Bet She'an 

Valley and Thiara scabra has even turned into the most 

common species in the Sea of Galilee, Israel's major source for 

drinking water (Mienis, 2010; Mienis & Mienis, 2008)! 

In spite of warnings given to the proper authorities about the 

danger of allowing the almost free import of freshwater snails 

for the aquarium trade, new species continue to arrive in the 

local shops: Marisa cornuarietis (Linnaeus, 1758), Vittina 

natalensis (Reeve, 1845) and a still unidentified Clithon 

species. How long will it last until we find the first specimens 

of such new arrivals in the wild?

References 

Mienis, H.K. 2009. Exotic freshwater molluscs in Israel and 

the territories. In C. Çevik & D. Ergüden (Eds.): 

Proceedings of the Second National Malacology Congress 

(with International Participation) 8-10 October 2008, 

Adana, Turkey: 112-126. 

Mienis, H.K. 2010. Exotic land and freshwater molluscs of 

Israel. Haasiana, 5: 68-69. 

Mienis, H.K. & Mienis, D. 2008. Thiara scabra, a tropical 

snail, has invaded the Sea of Galilee, Israel. Triton, 18:35- 

36. 

Additional Information Concerning the 

Conquest of Europe by the Invasive Chinese 

Pond Mussel Sinanodonta woodiana. 22. 

News from Austria, France, Italy, Poland and 

Ukraine. 

Henk K. Mienis 

National Collections of Natural History, Dept. Zoology, 

Tel Aviv University, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel, and 

National Natural History Collections, Berman Building, 

Hebrew University, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel 

mienis@netzer.org.il 

Recently some new aspects dealing with the invasive Chinese 

Pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834), Fam. 

Unionidae, in Europe have been published. The most 

important data are here given in a concise form. 

Austria 

Taurer (2009) reports the presence of a vital population of the 

Chinese Pond mussel in the "Leonharder See", a lake in 

Villach. It represents the first record of this invasive mussel 

species from Kärnten, Austria. According to the author this 

bivalve most probably reached the lake by means of illegal 

stocking of this water body with infected Amur carps 

Ctenopharyngodon idella. Sinanodonta woodiana shares the 

lake with the Swan mussel Anodonta cugnea, the Pond mussel 

Anodonta anatina, the Painter's mussel Unio pictorum and the 

invasive Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. 

France 

Audibert (2010) reported Sinanodonta woodiana as being 

common in the Laclet pond near Saint-Nizier-le-Désert. This 

pond is situated in the Dombes, a vast area of artificial lakes 

and ponds used for growing freshwater fish. It constitutes the 

first record of this invasive mussel species in the Ain 

department. 

Italy 

Cappelletti et al. (2009) reported the presence of empty valves 

of the Chinese Pond mussel washed ashore at three localities in 

the south-eastern part of Lake Garda. This represents the 

fourth invasive of mussel species which managed to reach this 

southern Alpine lake. The presence of Dreissena polymorpha, 

Corbicula fluminea and Corbicula fluminalis had been 

reported previously. If Sinanodonta woodiana succeeds in 

getting a foothold in the lake then it may turn into a serious 

competitor of Microcondylaea compressa, which is considered 

an endangered species in Europe. 

9 

Poland 

Juchno & Kraszewki (2009) carried out a histological analysis 

of the gonads of Sinanodonta woodiana collected almost 

monthly from May 2005 until June 2006 and at various 

localities in the Konin lakes. Their study revealed that this 

mussel species reproduces during the summer and that the 

reproductive abilities of Sinanodonta woodiana are distinctly 

reduced in the cold lake (Slesiskie) if compared with that in 

the warm lake (Licheskie) and discharge canal of the power 

plant. 

abck & Domagala (2009) studied the histological structure 

of the ovary of this mussel in specimens collected from the 

discharge canal of the power plant in Nowy Czarnów. 

Ukraine 

Son (2010) recently published an English version of his 

original Russian article dealing with the alien molluscs within 

the territory of Ukraine. The Chinese Pond mussel is reported 

by him from the Danube basin and a man-made lake near the 

town of Kotovsk. 

Yurishinets (2010) published some information on parasites 

present in Sinanodonta woodiana collected in Ukraine. 

General Remarks 

Over and over the various authors point out the connection 

between the introduction of various exotic Carp species and 

the discovery of new populations of the Chinese Pond mussel. 

In addition, Panov et al. (2009) stressed the role of various 

artificial waterways now connecting once separated rivers and 

inland seas, in the distribution of aquatic invasive species 

throughout Europe. Although this is especially important for 

such well known hitchhikers like Dreissena polymorpha and 

Dreissena bugensis, also species like Corbicula fluminea, 

Corbicula fluminalis and to a lesser degree Sinanodonta 

woodiana seem to profit from this situation. 

References 

Audibert, C., 2010. Présence de Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 

1834) en Dombes (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Folia 

conchyliologica, 1: 11-16. 

Cappelletti, C., Cianfanelli, S., Beltrami, M.E. & Ciutti, F., 

2009. Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) (Bivalvia: 

Unionidae): a new non-indigenous species in Lake Garda 

(Italy). Aquatic Invasions, 4 (4): 685-688. 

Juchno, D. & Kraszewski, A., 2009. Histological analysis of 

the gonad of Sinanodonta woodiana from heated Konin 

lakes. Folia Malacologica, 17 (2): 88. (Abstract) 

abck, A.M. & Domagala, J., 2009. Histological structure of 

the ovary of Sinanodonta woodiana. Folia Malacologica, 

17 (2): 88. (Abstract) 

Panov, V.E., Alexandrov, B., Arbaciauskas, K., Binimelis, R., 

Copp, G.H., Grabowski, M., Lucy, F., Leuven, R.S.E.W., 

Nehring, S., Paunovic, M., Semenchenko, V. and Son, 

M.O., 2009. Risk assessment of aquatic invasive species' 

introductions via European inland waterways. In Y. Settele, 

L. Penev, T. Georgiev, R. Grabaum, V. Grobelnik, V. 

Hammen, S. Klotz, M. Kotarac & I. Kuhn (Eds.): Atlas of 

Biodiversity Risk, 140-143. Pensoft, Sofia & Moscow.

Continental Mollusks Occurrence in the North 

Region of Paraná - PR, Southern Brazil, with 

Additional New Records and Observations for 

the State Territory 

A. Ignacio Agudo-Padrón 

Project "Avulsos Malacológicos – AM" 

Caixa Postal (P. O. Box) 010, 88010-970 Centro, 

Florianópolis, Santa Catarina - SC, Brasil 

ignacioagudo@gmail.com / http://www.malacologia.com.br 

Recently, November 16-18 2009 (hot and rainy period of the 

southern spring), field work was accomplished in the Northern 

region of the Paraná State - PR, specifically in the Municipal 

District of Cornélio Procópio, seeking the freshwater and 

terrestrial mollusks present in the highlands that conform the 

regional section of the Third Plateau, geographical domain of 

Araucária forest and several tributaries of the macrobasin of 

the Paranapanema River Basin, located at the "Pioneering 

North" of the State (Fig. 1). 

In this opportunity were explored the lands, ciliary forest, and 

farms neighboring property of the Aguativa Golf Resort, a 

famous brazilian tourist aquatic complex (mineral waters), 

lands irrigated by the secondary river Congonhas, branch of 

the Tibagi River Basin, born at the Second Plateau – going by 

the Vila Velha Ecological State Park territory (Agudo 2007, 

2008 a-b) – and flows its waters in the Paranapanema River for 

its time, main fluvial current that travels the Third Plateau until 

finally to be integrated to the great Paraná River System. 

The material obtained in field for this report was deposited in 

the Malacological Collection at the University of Santa 

Catarina's State (ECZ/CCB/UFSC), Florianópolis, and its 

specific determination was based on Simone (2006). 

In the course of research in the locality an adult specimen of 

native snail-eating-snake Sibynomorphus neuwiedi (Ihering, 

1911) (Serpentes:Dipsadidae) was observed, preserved in 

liquid, and conserved in the facilities of the Aguativa Golf 

Resort for environmental education. 

Results - Systematic Species List : 

Class BIVALVIA 

Order VENEROIDA 

Family CORBICULIDAE 

- Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) (*) 

(*) Verified the occurrence of this species in "high densities" in 

the local aqueduct served by underground mineral waters 

explored by Resort (Fig. 1), regularly still influenced by 

inundations of the Congonhas River as well as in dams and 

local swamps. Previous known registration in the Tibagi 

River Basin, in the Third Plateau (Pereira 1997) … 

Class GASTROPODA 

Subclass PROSOBRANCHIA / CAENOGASTROPODA 

Family THIARIIDAE 

- Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774) (*) 

(*) Verified the occurrence of this species in "high densities" in 

the local aqueduct served by underground mineral waters 

explored by Resort and regularly still influenced by 

inundations of the Congonhas River (Fig. 1) … 

Subclass PULMONATA 

Family PLANORBIDAE 

10 

- Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) (*) 

(*) Brazilian intermediate host of Schistosomiasis (registrations 

of this disease picked by us in the city of Cornélio 

Procópio). Verified occurrence in "high densities" in local 

aqueduct served by underground mineral waters and 

influenced by inundations of the Congonhas River (Fig. 1) .. 

Family ACHATINIDAE 

- Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica (Bowdich, 1822) (*) 

(*) Exotic giant snail species not confirmed by us in field, 

commented by local farmers, as well as species of nonidentified 

slugs ... 

Family BULIMULIDAE 

- Bulimulus tenuissimus (d’Orbigny, 1835) 

Family MEGALOBULIMIDAE 

- Megalobulimus sp (*) 

(*) Presence of mollusks referred by the inhabitants of the 

region … 

Family BRADYBAENIDAE 

- Bradybaena similaris (Férussac, 1821) 

In another order of ideas, and continuing the search results 

presented in a previous edition of this newsletter, new 

bibliographical contributions with some additional 

malacological registrations for the State they were confirmed, 

including two species of freshwater limpets (Lanzer 1996: 184, 

186, 194, 197) and four terrestrial gastropods – one slug & 3 

snails (Thomé et al 2007: 21-23, 28), elevating for 145 the 

previous confirmed number of continental species and 

subspecies (Agudo-Padrón 2009 c:6). 

Systematic Species List : 


Subclass Prosobranchia / Caenogastropoda 

Family HELICINIDAE 

- Oxyrhombus densestriatus Wagner, 1910* 

* Referred by THOMÉ et al (2007: 21) for the State ... 

Subclass Gymnophila 

Family VERONICELLIDAE 

- Sarasinula linguaeformis (Semper, 1885)* 

* Referred by THOMÉ et al (2007: 28) for the State ... 

Subclass Pulmonata 

Family ANCYLIDAE 

- Gundlachia ticaga (Marcus & Marcus, 1962)* 

* Referred by LANZER (1966: 184, 194) for Toledo River 

(Toledo Municipal District, Western region) … 

- Hebetancylus moricandi (d’Orbigny, 1846)* 

* Referred by LANZER (1966: 186, 197) for the Ocoi River (Itaipú 

region – Paraná River Basin, Western region), and Curitiba 

(Municipal District) … 

Family MEGALOBULIMIDAE 

- Megalobulimus ovatus (Müller, 1774)* 

* Referred by THOMÉ et al (2007: 22) and SIMONE (2006: 

169) for the State ... 

Family ODONTOSTOMIDAE 

- Bahiensis punctatissimus (Lesson, 1830)* 

* Referred by Thomé et al (2007: 23) for the State … 

Other new geographical registrations in the Paraná State 

territory, some superficially referred in the literature for 

Telêmaco Borba Municipal District – Northern region in the 

Third Plateau (Shibatta et al 2008: 88-89), including inedit 

researches in specific localities of the Western (Cascavel 

Municipal District, mainly), are the following:

Figure 1. Cornélio Procópio Municipal District, Northern 

Paraná's State territory, Southern Brazil region 

(upper); aqueduct served by underground 

mineral waters (center); limnic malacological 

fauna (below). Photos: A. I. Agudo-Padrón 

I. PARANÁ STATE (Territory in General): 

Occurrence referred in the technical literature for the uncertain 

Ancylidae (freshwater limpet) Laevapex sp. (Lanzer 1996: 

177; Santos 2003: 212), and the freshwater mussel (Unionoida, 

Mycetopodidae) Anodontites tenebricosus (Lea, 1834) 

(Oliveira & Oliveira 1984:41 in Agudo 2006:10, under 

synonymous status). 

The following four native species constitute new registrations, 

all located between the coastal plain and the Second Plateau 

region, elevating to 149 the known species number: tree snails 

11 

Helicina angulifera Wagner, 1910 (Helicinidae), 

Simpulopsis pseudosulculosa Breure, 1975 (Amphibulimidae), 

Cyclodontina tudiculata (Martens, 1868) (Odontostomidae), 

and the terrestrial slug Vaginulus taunaisii Férussac, 1821 

(Veronicellidae). 

II. CAIOBÁ (Matinhos Municipal District): 

The following material, coming from the coast of the State, 

was examined by us on August 6, 2009 in the Fritz Plaumann 

Museum of Entomology - MEFP, Seara Municipal District 

(Nova Teutônia Valley), Western of Santa Catarina State: 19 

specimens of limnic snails Littoridina sp (Gastropoda: 

Prosobranchia/Caenogastropoda:Hydrobiidae), MEFP 95, and 

18 specimens of terrestrial micro-snails Radiodiscus sp. 

(Gastropoda:Pulmonata:Charopidae), MEFP 97. 

III. CURITIBA (Municipal District): 

Presence in this locality of the First Plateau territory (Lanzer 

1996: 187) of the freshwater limpet Uncancylus concentricus 

(d’Orbigny, 1835) (Ancylidae). 

IV. CAMPO LARGO (Municipal District): 

Personal registrations, from November 16, 2009, of terrestrial 

exotic invasive slugs Pallifera sp (Philomicidae) and the little 

snail Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1789) (Subulinidae) to this 

locality of the First Plateau territory, belonging the 

Metropolitan area of Curitiba. 

V. TELÊMACO BORBA (Municipal District): 

Brief references concerning the inclusion of "little uncertain 

bivalves" among the alimentary items of the freshwater fishes 

Hisonotus francirochai (Ihering, 1928) and Hisonotus sp. 

(Loricariidae), inhabitants of denominated Ribeirão Varanal 

(Varanal Creek Microbasin), Monte Alegre Farm, Northern 

region in the Third Plateau territory (Shibatta et al 2008: 88- 

89), to South of Cornélio Procópio (Fig. 2). 

Figure 2. Telêmaco Borba Municipal District – in the 

context of the Northern Paraná's State territory 

(Third Plateau), Southern Brazil region 

"Besides the mollusks found in the stomach contents of the 

fishes (which are minuscules), we have been finding few 

individuals (uncertain bivalve species of small load and 

another of great load)"... "...specimens are coming of a close 

mountain stream to the "Ribeirão Varanal…" (Sirlei 

Bennemann, Londrina State University (UEL), October 26, 

2009, Pers. comm.)*. 

* On December 22, 2009, we received from this researcher a 

small lot of aquatic mollusks coming from the ecosystem

denominated Ribeirão João Pinheiro (João Pinheiro Stream), 

including four gastropod specimens – two Biomphalaria 

straminea (Dunker, 1848) (Planorbidae), one Aplexa 

(Stenophysa) marmorata (Guilding, 1828) (Physidae), one 

Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Lymnaeidae) – and four 

freshwater bivalves – two naiads Rhipidodonta charruana 

(d'Orbigny, 1835) (Hyriidae), one naiad Diplodon cf. 

besckeanus (Dunker, 1848) (Hyriidae), and one minuscule 

uncertain clam (Pisidiidae). Material deposited in the 

Malacological Collection allotted in the Augusto Ruschi 

Zoobotanical Museum (Museu Zoobotânico Augusto Ruschi – 

MUZAR), Passo Fundo University (UPF), Rio Grande do Sul 

State - RS. Specific determination was basically based on the 

contribution of Simone (2006) … 

Particularly, the native naiad Diplodon cf. besckeanus 

(Dunker, 1848) (Unionoida:Hyriidae) configure another new 

registration for the Paraná's State, elevating to 150 the known 

number of species (Agudo 2008 a; Agudo-Padrón 2009 a-c; 

this contribution). 

VI. CASCAVEL (Municipal District): 

Inedit regional malacological research in process, including 

several other specific Municipal Districts of the Western 

(Medianeira, to Southwest; Marechal Cândido Rondon & 

Palotina, to Northwest) in the Third Plateau territory (Fig. 3), 

tends the city of Cascavel as headquarters (André Hipólito, 

academic of Biological Sciences, West Paraná State University 

(UNIOESTE), November 11 and December 23, 2009, Pers. 

comms). With 19 nominal species Gastropoda confirmed: 4 

freshwater/limnic (1 exotic) and 15 terrestrial (5 exotic). Of 

the continental species like this striped, only 5 native terrestrial 

forms (1 slug, 4 snails) configure most other new registrations 

for the Paraná's State, elevating to 155 the definitive known 

species number (Agudo 2008 a; Agudo-Padrón 2009 a-c; this 

contribution). 

Figure 3. Cascavel Municipal District – in the context of 

the Western Paraná's State territory (Third 

Plateau), Southern Brazil region 

Systematic Species List : 


Subclass Gymnophila 

Family VERONICELLIDAE 

- Phyllocaulis soleiformis (d’Orbigny, 1835) 


Family BULIMULIDAE 

- Rhinus cf. scobinatus (Wood, 1828) 

12 

Family SUBULINIDAE 

- Lamellaxis gracilis (Hutton, 1834) 

Family SYSTROPHIIDAE 

- Happia muelleri Thiele, 1927 

- Tamayoa banghaasi (Boettger in Thiele, 1927) 

VII. ITAIPÚ LAKE REGION (Paraná River Basin): 

Presence in the Ocoi River (Lanzer 1996: 187), Western 

region, of the freshwater limpet Laevapex sp (Ancylidae). 

VIII. FOZ DO IGUAZÚ (Municipal District): 

Presence in the locality of Iguazú Waterfalls National Park, 

located in the Westernmost extreme of the State, Iguaçú River 

Basin of the binacional "Brazil/Argentina" region, of the tree 

snail species Cyclodontina fusiformis (Menke, 1828) 

(Odontostomidae) http://www.panoramio.com/photo/7817540, 

based on photographic material in the “CONCH-L list Forum”, 

November 27 2009, besides the species Leiostracus perlucidus 

(Spix, 1827) http://www.panoramio.com/photo/7817496 and 

Mesembrinus interpunctus (Martens, 1887) (Bulimulidae) 

http://www.panoramio.com/photo/7817294, these last ones 

previously referred at this location by us (Agudo 2007: 11). 

IX. TOLEDO (Municipal District): 

Presence in the locality "Toledo River" (Lanzer 1996: 187), in 

the Western region, of the freshwater limpet Uncancylus 

concentricus (d’Orbigny, 1835) (Ancylidae). 

References 

Agudo, A.I. 2006. New records of continental mollusks 

(Bivalvia & Gastropoda) from Paraná and Santa Catarina 

States, Southern Brazil region. FMCS Newsletter Ellipsaria, 

8(1): 10-11. 

Agudo, A.I. 2007. Some observations about continental 

mollusks (Gastropoda & Bivalvia) in two ecological parks of 

Paraná State, Southern Brazil. FMCS Newsletter Ellipsaria, 

9(1): 10-11. 

Agudo, A.I. 2008 a. Non-marine mollusc diversity in Paraná 

State, Southern Brasil. IUCN/SSC Internet Newsletter 

TENTACLE, (16): 10-13. Available online at: 

http://www.hawaii.edu/cowielab/tentacle/tentacle_16.pdf 

Agudo, A.I. 2008 b. Freshwater mussel news (Unionoida: 

Hyriidae) from Paraná State, Southern Brazil region. FMCS 

Newsletter ELLIPSARIA, 10(1): 17-18. 

Agudo, A.I. 2008 c. Malacological news from Paraná State, 

Southern Brazil region: additional registrations. FMCS 

Newsletter ELLIPSARIA, 10(2): 11-13. 

Agudo-Padrón, A.I. 2008 d. Listagem sistemática dos 

moluscos continentais ocorrentes no Estado de Santa 

Catarina, Brasil. Comunicaciones de la Sociedad 

Malacológica del Uruguay, Montevideo, 9(91): 147-179. 

http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/redalyc/pdf/524/52412049003.pdf 

Agudo-Padrón, A.I. 2009 a. Recent terrestrial and freshwater 

molluscs of Paraná State, PR, Southern Brazil region: a 

comprehensive synthesis and check list. VISAYA Net, Cebú – 

Philippines, May 14, 2009: 1-8. 

http://www.conchology.be/?t=41 

Agudo-Padrón, A.I. 2009 b. New malacological records from 

Paraná State, Southern Brazil region, with a general 

synthesis of current knowledge. FMCS Newsletter 

Ellipsaria, 11(1): 11-13.

Agudo-Padrón, A.I. 2009 c. New malacological records from 

Paraná State, PR, Southern Brazil Region. II. Supplementary 

Annex. FMCS Newsletter Ellipsaria, 11(2): 6-7. 

Lanzer, R. 1996. Ancylidae (Gastropoda, Basommatophora) na 

América do Sul: sistemática e distribuição. Rev. Bras. Zool., 

Curitiba 13(1): 175-210. 

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v13n1/v13n1a18.pdf 

Oliveira, M.P. de & Oliveira, M.H.R. de. 1984. Comunicações 

Malacológicas no. 16: Listagem de tipos de Gastropoda 

Pulmonata brasileiros depositados em quatro Museus 

Europeus. Bol. Inst. Ciên. Biol. Geoc., Juiz de Fora - MG, 

(38): 1-46. 

Pereira, P.A.C. 1997. Primeiro registro de Corbicula fluminea 

(Müller, 1774)(Corbiculidae), um molusco asiático, no rio 

Tibagi (Primeiro de Maio – PR). Florianópolis, SC: 

Resumos XV Encontro Brasileiro de Malacologia: 38-39. 

Santos, S.B. 2003. Estado atual do conhecimento dos 

ancilídeos na América do Sul (Mollusca: Gastropoda; 

Pulmonata: Basommatophora), pp. 191-224. In: Barrientos, 

Z. & Monge-Nájera, J. (Eds.). Malacologia 

13 

Latinoamericana. Revista de Biologia Tropical, Costa 

Rica, 51(Suppl. 3). 

http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/suppls/sup51- 

3%20malacol/11-Barboza-Estado.pdf 

Shibatta, O.A.; Bennemann, S.T.; Mori, H. & Silva, D.F. 2008. 

Riqueza biológica e ecológica dos peixes do Ribeirão 

Varanal, Cap. 4, p. 77-97. In: Bennemann, S.T.; Shibatta, 

O.A. & Vieira, A.O.S. (Orgs.). A fauna e a flora do Ribeirão 

Varanal: um estudo da biodiversidade no Paraná. Londrina, 

PR: EDUEL, 158 p. 

Simone, L.R.L. 2006. Land and freshwater molluscs of Brasil. 

São Paulo, SP: FAPESP, 390 p. 

Thomé, J.W.; Arruda, J.O. & Silva, L.F. da. 2007. Moluscos 

terrestres no Cone Meridional da América do Sul, 

Diversidade e Distribuição. Ciência & Ambiente, Santa 

Maria - RS, 1(1): 9-28. 

Thomé, J.W.; Gomes, S.R. & Picanço, J. B. 2006. Os caracóis 

e as lesmas dos nossos bosques e jardins. Pelotas, RS: 

USEB, 123 p. 

Visit the new Society web site at http://www.molluskconservation.org 

 

 

FMCS 2010 Workshop 

http://www.molluskconservation.org/2010_Registration.html

Preliminary Checklist of Freshwater Snails by River Basins of the Chesapeake Bay, 

Maryland. 

Matt Ashton and Pat Ciccotto 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources 

Monitoring and Non-tidal Assessment Division 

580 Taylor Avenue, C-2 

Annapolis, MD 21401 

Little is known regarding the distribution of Maryland’s freshwater gastropods and this poor understanding is an impediment to 

conservation. Gerberich (1985) provided a list of Maryland’s freshwater gastropods that included 38 native and two non-native 

species. Recent treatments have centered on the Potomac River basin (Fuller 1978, Pearce & Evans 2008). Two statewide 

monitoring programs of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources have produced an extensive database of benthic 

macroinvertebrate genera that allows us to present this checklist of freshwater gastropod distribution in Maryland’s streams: the 

Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS) and CORE/TREND. The MBSS is a probabilistic survey that has assessed the 

ecological health and biodiversity of Maryland’s wadeable, non-tidal streams since 1995. The CORE/TREND program was 

established in response to the 1972 Federal Clean Water Act to document changes in water quality of Maryland’s larger rivers and 

streams through analyses of benthic macroinvertebrate community data. Based on data from these monitoring programs, we 

compiled a list of freshwater gastropod genera in Maryland by major river basin to aid in the future assessment of their statewide 

diversity. 

Snail genera were identified from approximately 3,000 MBSS sites sampled from 1995-2009 and 111 CORE/TREND benthic 

macroinvertebrate stations sampled on a regular basis from 1976-2008 in every major river basin across the state. MBSS benthic 

macroinvertebrate samples were collected by disturbing 20 ft 2 of the most productive macroinvertebrate habitat into a D-net (540μ 

mesh), in order of preference: riffles; root wads, root mats, and woody debris; leaf packs; macrophytes; and undercut banks. 

CORE/TREND sites were sampled with 0.09 m 2 Surber samplers in riffle habitats and Fullner modified Hester-Dendy samplers 

(~ 0.135 m 2 of substrate) in habitat that lacked riffles. Organisms in both studies were preserved in 95% ethanol and processed in 

the MDNR laboratory by NABS certified taxonomists. Although these methods do not specifically target gastropods, the large 

spatial and temporal distribution of both monitoring programs should allow for the compilation of a robust checklist. 

Freshwater gastropod genera by major river basin are presented in Table 1. Snails were present at 670 MBSS sites (1995-2009) 

and 87 CORE/TREND (1976-2008) sites. We excluded a single record of Pleurocera sp. in the Upper Potomac River basin from 

a CORE/TREND station pending verification and a single record of Hydrobia sp. from the Nanticoke River basin since it 

represents a brackish species. Of particular note is collection of the genus Radix from a single basin in Maryland. This genus 

consists of a single species, R. auricularia, and is not native to North America (Turgeon et al. 1998). 

The evolving state of freshwater mollusk taxonomy often makes the comparison to prior treatments (Fuller 1978, Gerberich 1985, 

Pearce & Evans 2008) and presentation of checklists difficult. We hope to use these past efforts along with recent taxonomic 

treatments and faunal databases (e.g. NatureServe and museums) to mine our benthic macroinvertebrate samples and resolve 

generic level identifications to species in order to assess the distribution and diversity of Maryland’s freshwater gastropods. 

Literature Cited 

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Program Special Publication 84-I. 

Fuller, S.H. 1978. Changes in the molluscan community of the Middle Potomac River during the past two decades. Pp 124-131 

in K.C. Flynn & W.T. Mason, eds., Biological resources of the Potomac basin streams. Interstate Commission of the Potomac 

River Basin, Rockville, MD. 194 pp. 

Pearce, T.A. & Evans, R. 2008. Freshwater mollusca of Plummers Island, Maryland. Bulletin of the Biological Society of 

Washington 15: 20-30. 

Turgeon, D.D. et al. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United Sates and Canada: Mollusks, 

2 nd edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 26, Bethesda, MD, 526 pp. 

14

Table 1. List of freshwater gastropod genera by river basin in Maryland from Maryland Department of Natural Resources 

monitoring programs. 

Bush River 

Chester River 

Choptank River 

Elk River 

Gunpowder River 

Lower Potomac River 

Middle Potomac River 

Subclass Prosobranchia 

Valvatidae 

Cipangopaludina X X 

Valvata 

Viviparidae 

X X X X X X 

Campeloma X X X X X X 

Viviparus 

Pleuroceridae 

X X X X 

Elimia X X X X X X X 

Leptoxis 

Bithyniidae 

X X X X X X X X X 

Bithynia 

Hydrobiidae 

X X X X 

Amnicola X X X X X X X X X X X X 

Gillia 


Lymnaeidae 

X X 

Galba X X X X X X X 

Lymnaea X X X X X X 

Pseudosuccinea X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 

Radix X 

Stagnicola 

Physidae 

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 

Physa 

Planorbidae 

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 

Gyraulus X X X X X X X X X X X X X 

Helisoma X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 

Micromenetus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 

Planorbella X X X X X X X X 

Promenetus X X 

15 

Nanticoke River 

North Branch Potomac River 

Ocean Coastal 

Patapsco River 

Patuxent River 

Pocomoke River 

Susquehanna River 

Upper Potomac River 

Washington Metro Potomac River 

West Chesapeake Bay

FMCS 2009 Freshwater Mollusk 

Bibliography 

Compiled by Kevin S. Cummings 

Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois 

This bibliography lists freshwater mollusk papers that have 

been published up to and including 2009 and that have not 

appeared in previous FMCS bibliographies. Citations are split 

into five groups for the convenience of researchers: Unionoida, 

Sphaeriidae, Corbiculidae, Dreissenidae & Other Bivalves, and 

Gastropoda. Papers that list taxa from more than one category 

are included in each group. A searchable database of over 

19,000 references on freshwater mollusks is available at: 

http://ellipse.inhs.uiuc.edu:591/mollusk/ 

To insure that papers are cited correctly, researchers are 

encouraged to send pdf's or reprints to: Kevin S. Cummings, 

Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak Street, 

Champaign, Illinois 61820 or ksc@inhs.uiuc.edu 

 

UNIONOIDA (FRESHWATER MUSSELS) 

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16 

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17 

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18 

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Malakologischen Gesellschaft 13: 1-19.

If you are interested in joining a committee, please contact one of the appropriate chairs. 

 

W. Gregory Cope – North Carolina State, Dept. Environ. & Molecular Toxicology, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633 

919-515-5296; greg_cope@ncsu.edu 

Teresa Newton – Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd., LaCrosse, WI 54603 

608-781-6217; tnewton@usgs.gov 

Emy Monroe – University of South Dakota, 414 E Clark St., Vermillion SD 57069 

emy.monroe@usd.edu 

 

Ryan Evans – Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission, 801 Schenkel Lane, Frankfort, KY 40601 

502-573-2886 x102; fax: 2355; Ryan.Evans@ky.gov 

Steve McMurray – Missouri Department of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, MO 65201 

573-882-9909; stephen.mcmurray@mdc.mo.gov 

 

Paul D. Johnson – Alabama Aquatic Biodiversity Center, Route 3, Box 86, Marion, AL 36756 

334-683-5000; paul.johnson@dcnr.alabama.gov 

Jeff Powell – USFWS, 1208 B Main St., Daphne, AL 36526 

251-441-5181; jeff_powell@fws.gov 

 

– Miami University, 546 Mosler, Oxford, OH 45069 

513-785-3246; bergdj@MUOhio.edu 

Guidelines and 

Chuck Howard – TVA, Natural Heritage Program, 400 W Summit Hill Dr., WT 11C-K, Knoxville, TN 37902 

865-632-2092; cshowar1@tva.gov 

Janet Clayton – West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, PO Box 67, Ward Road, Elkins, WV 26241 

304-637-0245; janetclayton@wvdnr.gov 

Information Exchange 

Al Buchanan – 1001 S. Johnmeyer Lane, Columbia, MO 65203 

573-445-1521; gandalfpoint@yahoo.com 

G. Thomas Watters – Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212 

614-292-6170; Watters.1@osu.edu 

John Jenkinson – 305 Revere Ave., Clinton, TN 37716 

865-457-0174; jjjenkinson@hotmail.com 

 

Arthur E. Bogan – North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Lab., Mail Service Center 1626, Raleigh, NC 27699 

919-733-7450 x 753; arthur.bogan@ncmail.net 

James D. Williams – 4820 NW 15 th Place, Gainesville, FL 32605 

352-737-3743; fishwilliams@gmail.com 

 

Andy Roberts – USFWS, 101 Park DeVille Drive, Suite A, Columbia, MO 65203 

573-234-2132 x 110, andy_roberts@fws.gov 

Tom Jones – Marshall University, 110 Heather Court, Scott Depot, WV 25560 

304-389-5832; jonest@marshall.edu 

 

Tony Brady – Natchitoches National Fish Hatchery, 615 South Drive, Natchitoches, LA 71457 

318-352-5324; tony_brady@fws.gov 

Rachel Mair – White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, 400 East Main Street, White Sulphur Springs, WV 24986 

304-536-136; Rachel_Mair@fws.gov

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Ellipsaria - Freshwater Mollusk Conservation

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