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Gc ms evaluation of fatty acid constituents from various tissues of macrobrachium scabriculum
1. R. Athiyaman, et al / Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-3(2) 2014 [97-101]
www.ijrpp.com
~ 97~
ISSN Print: 2278 - 2648 IJRPP | Vol 3 | Issue 2 | April - June - 2014
ISSN Online: 2278-2656 Journal Home page: www.ijrpp.com
Research article Open Access
GC-MS evaluation of Fatty acid constituents from various tissues of
Macrobrachium scabriculum
*R.Athiyaman and K.Rajendran.
Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous),
Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur District., Tamilnadu, India.
* Corresponding author: R.Athiyaman,
E-mail id: athiyamannet@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Macrobrachium scabriculum is a tastiest freshwater prawn belongs to the family Palaemonidae available throughout
the year in the river Cauvery. The present study deals with the extraction and GC-MS analysis of fatty acid
constituents from various tissues of prawn, such as haemolymph, muscle tissue, gonad and hepatopancreas. The
result of the present study reveals that there were 14 types of bioactive components have been identified in GC-
MSanalysis based on retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight and peak area. The major components
such as 9-Octadecenal (5.78%), 7,11-hexa decadienal (3.77%), Methylsalicylate (3.66%), Oxirane tetradecyl
(2.14%), 3,5-methyl-5-hexane-3-1 (1.02%) and heptanoic acid 9-decen-1 olester (1.01%) and some minor
components were also identified. Among the total fatty acid content polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty
acids showed variations among the tissue.
Keywords: Macrobrachium scabriculum, Haemolymph, Hepato pancreas.
INTRODUCTION
The prawn and shrimps are an excellent sources of
both polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty
acids that can regulate prostaglandin synthesis and
induce wound healing which are important to human
health (Christensen et al., 2001). Total lipid content
and fatty acid constituents of prawn have been
reported by many investigators (Bottino et al., 1979;
Nicholas et al., 1989; Watanabe et al., 1989; Amer et
al., 1991, 1993; Saravan Bavan, 1999; Bragagnola,
2001; Chanmugam et al., 2006; Ehigiator and Oterai,
2012 and Arumugam et al., 2012).
The hepatopancreas act as a storage organ,
triglycerides and phospholipids being its major
components, while the muscle contains mainly
phospholipids in the prawn P. japonicus (Muriana et
al., 1993) and Macrobrachium rosenbergii
(Chanmugam et al., 2006). The percentage of
saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content in the
tissues of wild prawn M. rosenbergii significantly
varied during reproductive cycle (Cavalli et al.,
2001). Generally, the muscle of prawn contained
lower quality of lipid (Saravana Bhavan et al., 2008,
2009). Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), Saturated
fatty acid (SFA), decosahexanoic acid (DHA)
International Journal of Research in
Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics
2. R. Athiyaman, et al / Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-3(2) 2014 [97-101]
www.ijrpp.com
~ 98~
showed significant difference between M. rosenbergii
and P.semisulcatus. Though informations are
available on fatty acids composition of some prawns.
No reasercher pertaining to fatty acid composition of
M. scabriculum, hence the present study is aimed to
obseerved the fatty acid composition of fresh water
prawn M scabriculum from river Cauvery .
MATERIALS AND METHOD
For the present study, M. scabriculum were collected
from river Cauvery (10°48’ N and 79°30E),
Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. GC-MS analysis of
the ethanol extract of various tissue of M.
scabriculum was performed using a thermo GC-Trace
ultra ver.5.0 thermo MS DSQII and a Gas
chromatograph interfaced to a mass spectrometer
(GC-MS) equipped with a Elite-ITR-5 MS Capillary
standard non-polar column (30 mts, 1Dx 0.25 mm
0.25 mm). For GC-MS detection on electron
ionization energy of 70 eV. Helium (99.999%) was
used as a carrier gas at a constant flow rate of 1.0
ml/min and an injection volume of 2 ml was
employed (Split ratio of 10:1). The injector
temperature was maintained at 250°C, the ion source
temperature at 200°C. The oven temperature was
programmed from 110°C (isothermal for 2 min) with
an increase of 10°C/min to 200°C than 5°C/min to
280°C ending with 9 min isothermal at 280°C. Mass
spectra were taken at 70 eV, a scan interval of 0.5
seconds and fragments from 45-450 Da. The solvent
delay was 0 to 2 min and the total GC-MS running
time was 36 min. The relative percentage amount of
each component was calculated by comparing its
average peak area of the total area.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The essential information and regarding the fatty acid
components in the tissues of haemolymph, muscle
tissue, gonad and hepatopancreas of M. scabriculum
is depicted in table 1.and fig.1-4. The results
indicates that totally 14 (fourteen) fatty acid
components were identified in various tissues of M.
scabriculum based on RT, MW and peak area. The
major components identified in the various tissues
were 9-octadeconol (5.78%), 7,11-hexadecadienal
(3.77%), methyl salicylate (3.66%) 9-12
octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (362%), oxirane,
tertradecyl (2.14%, 3,5- Dimethy 1-5-Hexane-3ol
(1.02%) and Heptanoic acid, 9-Decen-1-ol ester
(1.01%). The presence of polyunsaturated fatty
acids/PUFAs and monounsaturated fatty acid
(MUFA) are common in all the tissues. However, the
nature of fatty acids slightly vary among the tissues.
Similar observations reported the earlier workers.
According to Bottino et al. (1979) in P. azlecus, the
values of 30, 29, 41, fatty acid MUFA, PUSFAs were
30, 29, 41 per cent respectively. The hepatopancreas
act as a storage organ, triglycerides and
phospholipids being its major components, while the
muscle contain mainly phospholipids in the prawn P.
japonicas (Muriana et al., 1993).
Ession (1995) estimated 54 per cent of fatty acids and
43 per cent of unsaturated fatty acids in some
palaemonid prawn species. In M. rosenbergii
monounsaturated fatty acids is the major fatty acid in
early stage, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acid,
palmitic, stearic, oleic/raclenic, linolenic,
eicosapentaenoic acid are common in adult prawn M.
rosenbergii (Roustaian, 1999). Bragagnola and
Rodriguez (2001) observed high level of
polyunsaturated fatty acids in farm reared. M.
rosenbergii than penaeid species. The
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the major
fatty acid in Penaeus vannamei (Lin et al., 2003).
There were 18 fatty acid components such as
monosaturated and monoester polysaturated fatty
acid (PUFAs) extract fed from shrimp Aristeus
alcocki waste (Sindhu and Sherief, 2011). The
identified inorganic components of M.scabriculum by
GC-MS analysis was shown in Figures 1-4.
Similar in Merican and Shim (1996) identified four
components. Yamar and Celik (2005) reported that
palmitic acid (18.0), stearic acid (18:0), DHA and
EPA were the most abundantly fatty acid in P.
semisulcatus and Metapenaeus monoceros. In the
present study 14 fathy acids compounds were
identified form various tissues of M.scabriculum
indicates that this fresh water prawn is good sources
of fatty acids compounds which are essential for
human health.
3. R. Athiyaman, et al / Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-3(2) 2014 [97-101]
www.ijrpp.com
~ 99~
Table 1. Fatty acid composition of freshwater prawn M. scabriculum
No RT Name of the compount Molecular formula Molecular weight Peak area (%)
1. 2.12 Butane 1, 1 Diethoxy -3 Methyl C9 H20 O2 160 0.13%
2. 3.32 Tetra Decanoric Acid C14 H28 O2 228 0.32%
3. 6.05 Methyl Salicylate C8 H8 O3 152 3.66%
4. 7.03 3, 5-Dimethyl-5-Hexan -3-01 C18 H6 O 128 1.02%
5. 9.14 2. Decanol – 5, 9- Dimethyl C12 H24 O 184 0.09%
6. 9.22 4. Deodecanol C12 H26 O 186 0.89%
7. 9.76 Diethyl phthalate C12 H14 O4 222 0.78%
8. 11.04 9-Dodecanoic Acid methylester, (E) C13 H24 O2 212 0.48%
9. 17.11 7, 11-Hexadecadienal C16 H28 O 236 3.77%
10. 13.04 9-Octadecenal C18 H34 O 266 5.78%
11. 16.07 9-12 Octadecadienoic Acid (Z, Z) C18 H32 O2 280 3.62%
12. 16.24 Oxirane, Tehadecyl C16 H32 O 240 2.14%
13. 16.41 Heptanoic Acid, 9-Decen-1 Olester C17 H32 O2 268 1.01%
14. 18.99 Pytol C20 H40 O 296 0.19%
Fig 1: Mass spectrum of Octadecanoic acid, hexadecadienal, 9- Octadecenal of haemolymph
Fig 2: Mass spectrum of methyl salicylate, Octadecanoic acid, 7,11 Hexadecadienal, 9,
Octadecenal of muscel tissue
4. R. Athiyaman, et al / Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-3(2) 2014 [97-101]
www.ijrpp.com
~ 100~
Fig 3: Mass spectrum of 4 – Deocleanol, Oxirane Tetradecyl, 12 – octadecnoic acid, 7,4 – Hexa decadienal
and 9- Octadecenal of gonad
Fig 4: Mass spectrum of 3,5- Dimethyl -5- Hexan -3-ol, N-Hexa decanoic acid and 9- Octadecenal
of hepatopancreas
REFERENCES
[1]. Amer, H.A., Sedik, M.F., Khalafalla, F.A., and Abd EI-Ghany and Awar, H., 1991. Results of chemical analysis
of prawn muscle as influenced by sex variations. Molec. Nutr. Food Res., 35: 133-138.
[2]. Arumugam, P., Saravana Bhavan, P., Muralisankar, T., Manickam, N., Srinevasan and Radhakrishnan, S., 2013.
Growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed with Mango seed Kernel, Banana peel and Papaya peel incorporated
feeds. Intl. J. App. Biol. Pharmacheu. Tech., 4(2): 12-25.
[3]. Bottino, N.R., Lilly, M.L., and Finne, G., 1979. Fatty acid stalilotof Gulf of Mexico brown shrimp (Penaeus
astecus) held on ice and in frozen storage. J. Food. Sci., 44: 1778-1779.
[4]. Bragagnola, N., and Rodrignez-Amaya, 2001. Total lipid, cholesterol and fatty acid of farmed freshwater prawn
(M. rosenbergii) and wild marine shrimp Penaeus brazilensis, P. schimiltis, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri). J. Food
Comp. Anal., 14: 359-367.
[5]. Cavalli, R.O., Tamtin, M., Lavens, P., and Soregeloos, P., 2001. Variation in lipid classes and fatty acid content
in tissues of wild Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan) females during maturation. Aquacult., 193: 311-324.
5. R. Athiyaman, et al / Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-3(2) 2014 [97-101]
www.ijrpp.com
~ 101~
[6]. Chanmugam, P., Donovan, J., Wheeler, C.J., and Hawng, D.H., 2006. Differences in the lipid composition of
freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and marine shrimp. J. Biol. Chem., 214: 56-70.
[7]. Christensen, J.H., Skou, H.A., Fog, L., Hansen, V.I., Vesterlund, T., Dyerberg, J., and Toft, E., 2001. Marine n3
fatty acids, wine intake, and heart sate variability in patients referred for coronary angiography. Circulation,
103: 651-657.
[8]. Ehigiator, F.A.R., and Oterai, E.A., 2012. Chemical composition and amino acid profile of a caridean prawn
(M. vollenhovenii) from Ovia river and tropical Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) from Benin river, EOO
State, Nigeria. IJRRAS, 11(1): 162-167.
[9]. Ession, E.V., 1995. Lipid content and fatty acid profiles of some lesser known Nigerian foods. J. Biochem., 19:
153-159.
[10]. Lin, R.Y., Huang, L.S., and Huang, H.C., 2003. Characteristics of NADH-depend lipid peroxidation in
sacroplasmic reticulum of white shrimp Litopenaeus vanameri and freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii. Comp.
Biochem. Physiol. Part B, 135: 683-687.
[11]. Muriana, F.J.G., Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., Gallarado-Guerrero, M.L., 1993. A study of the lipids and carotene
protein in the prawn, Penaeus japonicas. J. Biochem., 114: 223-229.
[12]. Nicholas, P.N., John K. Volkman, David A. Everitt, 1989. Occurrence of cis 6-hexadecanoic acid and other
usual monounsaturated fatty acid in the lipids of oceanic particulate matter. Oceanologica ACTA, 12(N): 393-
403.
[13]. Roustaian, M.S., Kamrudin, H., Omar, C.R., Saad, M.H. Ahmed, 1999. Changes in the fatty acid profile
during larval development of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan). Aquacult. Res., 30(11-
12): 815-842.
[14]. Saravana Bhavan, P., Radhakrishnan, S., Seenivasan, C., Shanthi, R., Poongodi, R., and Kannan, S., 2010.
Proximate composition and profiles of amino acids and fatty acids in the muscle of adult male and females of
commercially viable prawn species Macrobrachium rosenbergii collected from natural culture environments.
Intl. J. Biol., 2(2): 107-119.
[15]. Sindhu, S., and Sherief, P.M., 2011. Extraction characterization, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties of carotenoids from the shell waste of Arabian red shrimp Aristeus alcocki, Ramandan 1938. The
Open Conference Proceedings Journal, 2: 95-103.
[16]. Yamar, Y., and Celik, M., 2005. Seasonal variation of fatty acid composition in wild marine shrimp Penaeus
semisulcatus DeHann 1844 and Metapenaeus monoceros Fabricus 1789 from the eastern Mediterranean sea.
Food Sci. Technol. Intl., 11: 391-395.
[17]. Watanabe, T., Arakawa, T., Takeuchi, T., and Satoh, S., 1989. Comparison between cicosapentaenoic and
docosahexaenoic acid in terms of essential fatty acid efficiency in juvenile striped jack Pseudocaranx denlex.
Nippon Suisan Gakkanthi, 55: 1989-1995.
![R. Athiyaman, et al / Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-3(2) 2014 [97-101]
www.ijrpp.com
~ 97~
ISSN Print: 2278 - 2648 IJRPP | Vol 3 | Issue 2 | April - June - 2014
ISSN Online: 2278-2656 Journal Home page: www.ijrpp.com
Research article Open Access
GC-MS evaluation of Fatty acid constituents from various tissues of
Macrobrachium scabriculum
*R.Athiyaman and K.Rajendran.
Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous),
Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur District., Tamilnadu, India.
* Corresponding author: R.Athiyaman,
E-mail id: athiyamannet@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Macrobrachium scabriculum is a tastiest freshwater prawn belongs to the family Palaemonidae available throughout
the year in the river Cauvery. The present study deals with the extraction and GC-MS analysis of fatty acid
constituents from various tissues of prawn, such as haemolymph, muscle tissue, gonad and hepatopancreas. The
result of the present study reveals that there were 14 types of bioactive components have been identified in GC-
MSanalysis based on retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight and peak area. The major components
such as 9-Octadecenal (5.78%), 7,11-hexa decadienal (3.77%), Methylsalicylate (3.66%), Oxirane tetradecyl
(2.14%), 3,5-methyl-5-hexane-3-1 (1.02%) and heptanoic acid 9-decen-1 olester (1.01%) and some minor
components were also identified. Among the total fatty acid content polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty
acids showed variations among the tissue.
Keywords: Macrobrachium scabriculum, Haemolymph, Hepato pancreas.
INTRODUCTION
The prawn and shrimps are an excellent sources of
both polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty
acids that can regulate prostaglandin synthesis and
induce wound healing which are important to human
health (Christensen et al., 2001). Total lipid content
and fatty acid constituents of prawn have been
reported by many investigators (Bottino et al., 1979;
Nicholas et al., 1989; Watanabe et al., 1989; Amer et
al., 1991, 1993; Saravan Bavan, 1999; Bragagnola,
2001; Chanmugam et al., 2006; Ehigiator and Oterai,
2012 and Arumugam et al., 2012).
The hepatopancreas act as a storage organ,
triglycerides and phospholipids being its major
components, while the muscle contains mainly
phospholipids in the prawn P. japonicus (Muriana et
al., 1993) and Macrobrachium rosenbergii
(Chanmugam et al., 2006). The percentage of
saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content in the
tissues of wild prawn M. rosenbergii significantly
varied during reproductive cycle (Cavalli et al.,
2001). Generally, the muscle of prawn contained
lower quality of lipid (Saravana Bhavan et al., 2008,
2009). Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), Saturated
fatty acid (SFA), decosahexanoic acid (DHA)
International Journal of Research in
Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gc-msevaluationoffattyacidconstituentsfromvarioustissuesofmacrobrachiumscabriculum-141203044738-conversion-gate01/85/Gc-ms-evaluation-of-fatty-acid-constituents-from-various-tissues-of-macrobrachium-scabriculum-1-320.jpg)
![R. Athiyaman, et al / Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-3(2) 2014 [97-101]
www.ijrpp.com
~ 98~
showed significant difference between M. rosenbergii
and P.semisulcatus. Though informations are
available on fatty acids composition of some prawns.
No reasercher pertaining to fatty acid composition of
M. scabriculum, hence the present study is aimed to
obseerved the fatty acid composition of fresh water
prawn M scabriculum from river Cauvery .
MATERIALS AND METHOD
For the present study, M. scabriculum were collected
from river Cauvery (10°48’ N and 79°30E),
Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. GC-MS analysis of
the ethanol extract of various tissue of M.
scabriculum was performed using a thermo GC-Trace
ultra ver.5.0 thermo MS DSQII and a Gas
chromatograph interfaced to a mass spectrometer
(GC-MS) equipped with a Elite-ITR-5 MS Capillary
standard non-polar column (30 mts, 1Dx 0.25 mm
0.25 mm). For GC-MS detection on electron
ionization energy of 70 eV. Helium (99.999%) was
used as a carrier gas at a constant flow rate of 1.0
ml/min and an injection volume of 2 ml was
employed (Split ratio of 10:1). The injector
temperature was maintained at 250°C, the ion source
temperature at 200°C. The oven temperature was
programmed from 110°C (isothermal for 2 min) with
an increase of 10°C/min to 200°C than 5°C/min to
280°C ending with 9 min isothermal at 280°C. Mass
spectra were taken at 70 eV, a scan interval of 0.5
seconds and fragments from 45-450 Da. The solvent
delay was 0 to 2 min and the total GC-MS running
time was 36 min. The relative percentage amount of
each component was calculated by comparing its
average peak area of the total area.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The essential information and regarding the fatty acid
components in the tissues of haemolymph, muscle
tissue, gonad and hepatopancreas of M. scabriculum
is depicted in table 1.and fig.1-4. The results
indicates that totally 14 (fourteen) fatty acid
components were identified in various tissues of M.
scabriculum based on RT, MW and peak area. The
major components identified in the various tissues
were 9-octadeconol (5.78%), 7,11-hexadecadienal
(3.77%), methyl salicylate (3.66%) 9-12
octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (362%), oxirane,
tertradecyl (2.14%, 3,5- Dimethy 1-5-Hexane-3ol
(1.02%) and Heptanoic acid, 9-Decen-1-ol ester
(1.01%). The presence of polyunsaturated fatty
acids/PUFAs and monounsaturated fatty acid
(MUFA) are common in all the tissues. However, the
nature of fatty acids slightly vary among the tissues.
Similar observations reported the earlier workers.
According to Bottino et al. (1979) in P. azlecus, the
values of 30, 29, 41, fatty acid MUFA, PUSFAs were
30, 29, 41 per cent respectively. The hepatopancreas
act as a storage organ, triglycerides and
phospholipids being its major components, while the
muscle contain mainly phospholipids in the prawn P.
japonicas (Muriana et al., 1993).
Ession (1995) estimated 54 per cent of fatty acids and
43 per cent of unsaturated fatty acids in some
palaemonid prawn species. In M. rosenbergii
monounsaturated fatty acids is the major fatty acid in
early stage, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acid,
palmitic, stearic, oleic/raclenic, linolenic,
eicosapentaenoic acid are common in adult prawn M.
rosenbergii (Roustaian, 1999). Bragagnola and
Rodriguez (2001) observed high level of
polyunsaturated fatty acids in farm reared. M.
rosenbergii than penaeid species. The
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the major
fatty acid in Penaeus vannamei (Lin et al., 2003).
There were 18 fatty acid components such as
monosaturated and monoester polysaturated fatty
acid (PUFAs) extract fed from shrimp Aristeus
alcocki waste (Sindhu and Sherief, 2011). The
identified inorganic components of M.scabriculum by
GC-MS analysis was shown in Figures 1-4.
Similar in Merican and Shim (1996) identified four
components. Yamar and Celik (2005) reported that
palmitic acid (18.0), stearic acid (18:0), DHA and
EPA were the most abundantly fatty acid in P.
semisulcatus and Metapenaeus monoceros. In the
present study 14 fathy acids compounds were
identified form various tissues of M.scabriculum
indicates that this fresh water prawn is good sources
of fatty acids compounds which are essential for
human health.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)