Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5287 No. 1: 18 May 2023
Type: Monograph
Published: 2023-05-18
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1
Page range: 1-378
Abstract views: 1366
PDF downloaded: 60

Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution

165 Bedok South Road; Singapore 460165.
Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum; 2 Conservatory Drive; Singapore 117377
Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum; 2 Conservatory Drive; Singapore 117377
Reptilia amphibian caecilian checklist crocodile frog herpetofauna lizard reptile Singapore snake turtle

Abstract

Given Singapore’s location at the confluence of important maritime trading routes, and that it was established as a British East India Company trading post in 1819, it is unsurprising that Singapore has become one of the centres of natural history collecting and research in Southeast Asia. Despite its small size, Singapore is home to a diverse herpetofauna assemblage and boasts a rich herpetological history. The first systematic studies of Singapore’s herpetofauna (within the Linnaean binomial framework) date back to Stamford Raffles and the naturalists hired by him who first came to the island in 1819. Specimens that were collected during and after this time were deposited in museums worldwide. Over time, 39 species from Singapore were described as new to science. Due to the entrepôt nature of Singapore with its associated purchasing and trading of specimens (both alive and dead), poor record-keeping, and human introductions, numerous extraneous species from outside of Singapore were reported to occur on the island. Such issues have left a complicated legacy of ambiguous records and taxonomic complications concerning the identity of Singapore’s species-rich herpetofauna, many of which were only resolved in the past 30–40 years. By compiling a comprehensive collection of records and publications relating to the herpetofauna of Singapore, we construct an updated and more accurate listing of the herpetofauna of Singapore. Our investigation culminated in the evaluation of 309 species, in which we compiled a final species checklist recognising 166 species (149 native and 17 non-native established species). Among the 149 native species are two caecilians, 24 frogs, one crocodilian, 13 turtles (three visitors), 34 lizards, and 75 snakes. Of the 17 non-native species are five frogs, four turtles, six lizards, and two snakes. The remaining 143 species represent species to be excluded from Singapore’s herpetofauna species checklist. For each of the 309 species examined, we provide species accounts and explanatory annotations. Furthermore, we discuss Singapore’s herpetofauna from a historical and conservation perspective. Immediate deforestation and nationwide urbanisation following colonisation completely eliminated many species from throughout much of the country and restricted them to small, degraded forest patches. We hope this publication highlights the importance of publishing observations and serves as a valuable resource to future researchers, naturalists, biological consultants, and policy makers in initiating studies on species ecology, distribution, status, and promoting conservation efforts to safeguard Singapore’s herpetofauna.

 

References

  1. Abd Mutalib, A.H., Fadzly, N., Ahmad, A. & Nasir, N. (2014) Understanding nesting ecology and behaviour of green marine turtles at Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia. Marine Ecology, 36 (4), 1003–1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12197
  2. Afifiyan, F., Armugam, A., Gopalakrishnakone, P., Tan, N.H., Tan, C.H. & Jeyaseelan, K. (1998) Four new postsynaptic neurotoxins from Naja naja sputatrix venom: cDNA cloning, protein expression, and phylogenetic analysis. Toxicon, 36 (12), 1871–1885.
  3. Agius, J.E., Rose, K., Emery, J.-P. & Phalen, D.N. (2021) Experimental infection of Asian house geckos with Enterococcus lacertideformus demonstrates multiple disease transmission routes and the in‑vivo efficacy of antibiotics. Scientific Reports, 11 (13858), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92999-y
  4. Agoh, M.M.A.A. (2011) Genetic Variation of the Brown Marsh Frog, Hylarana Baramica in Sarawak, Malaysia. PhD Dissertation. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 34 pp.
  5. Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore. (2011) Types of Animals Allowed to Be Sold in Pet Shops. Available from: http://www.ava.gov.sg/AnimalsPetSector/SalesOfPetsOwnershipExhib/PetShops/#animals (accessed 14 January 2021)
  6. Ahmed, S. (1975) Sea snakes of the Indian Ocean in the collections of the Zoological Survey of India together with remarks on the geographical distribution of all Indian Ocean species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 17 (1), 73–81.
  7. Ahsan, M.F. & Rahman, M.M. (2017) Status, distribution and threats of kraits (Squamata: Elapidae: Bungarus) in Bangladesh. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 9 (3), 9903–9910. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2929.9.3.9903-9910
  8. Aini, Y., Kusrini, M.D. & Prasetyo, L.B. (2019) Pemodelan spasial kesesuaian habitat Kura Kura Ambon (Cuora amboinensis) di Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Konservasi dan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan dan Satwa Liar (‘Riset Sebagai Fondasi Konservasi dan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan dan Satwa Liar’), Bogor, 27 November (2018). Pusat Penelitian Biologi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, s.n., pp. 398–406.
  9. Akbari, G.W., Hamidy, A., Maryanto, A.E., Munir, M. & Smith, E.N. (2021) Phylogenetic study of Sumatran Microhyla heymonsi Vogt, 1911 (Anura: Microhylidae) based on 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1725, 012063. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1725/1/012063
  10. Al-Ghaferi, N., Kolodziejek, J., Nowotny, N., Coquet, L., Jouenne, T., Leprince, J., Vaudry, H., King, J.D. & Conlon, J.M. (2009) Antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the South-East Asian frog Hylarana erythraea (Ranidae). Peptides, 31 (4), 548–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2009.12.013
  11. Alfiq, F. (2021) NParks receives about 200 reports on cobra sightings in S’pore in past 12 months. Mothership, 18 August 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/08/nparks-200-cobra-sightings/ (accessed 18 August 2021)
  12. Alhadi, F., Hamidy, A., Farajallah, A., Munir, M., Atmaja, V.Y., Garg, S., Biju, S.D. & Smith, E.N. (2019) Rediscovery of Micryletta inornata (Boulenger, 1890) from Sumatra: redescription, molecular identity, and taxonomic implications. Zootaxa, 4613 (1), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4613.1.5
  13. Aman, J., Koh, K.H., Dubey, K. & Yap, C.J.G. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Prey of Wagler’s pit-vipers in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022115.
  14. Amarasinghe, A.A.T., Bauer, A.M., Ineich, I., Rudge, J., Bahir, M.M. & Gabadage, D.E. (2009) The original descriptions and figures of Sri Lankan gekkonid lizards (Squamata: Gekkonidae) of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Taprobanica, 1 (2), 83–106.
  15. Amarasinghe, A.A.T., Campbell, P.D., Hallermann, J., Sidik, I., Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I. (2015) Two new species of the genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Southeast Asia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 9 (1), e98, 34–51 .
  16. Amarasinghe, A.A.T., Thammachoti, P., Campbell, P.D., Hallermann, J., Henkanaththegedara, S.M., Karunarathna, Karunarathna, D.M.S.S., Riyanto, A., Smith, E.N. & Ineich, I. (2018) Systematic composition of the Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl 1820) species complex (Squamata: Scincidae) and designation of a neotype. Herpetologica, 74 (4), 342–354. https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831.342
  17. Ambede, A. (2015) King cobra attacking reticulated python. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 133–136.
  18. Amber, E.D., Strine, C.T., Suwanwaree, P. & Waengsothorn, S. (2017) Intra-population color dimorphism of Ahaetulla prasina (Serpentes: Colubridae) in northeastern Thailand. Current Herpetology, 36 (2), 98–104. https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.36.98
  19. Ananjeva, N.B., Orlov, N.L., Khalikov, R.G., Darevsky, I.S., Ryabov, S.A. & Barabanov, A.V. (2006) The Reptiles of Northern Eurasia: Taxonomic Diversity, Distribution, Conservation Status. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria, 245 pp.
  20. Ananjeva, N.B., Orlov, N.L. & Truong, N.Q. (2007) Agamid lizards (Agamidae, Acrodonta, Sauria, Reptilia) of Vietnam. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 83 (s1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.200600021
  21. Andersen, S.K., Staerk, J., Kalhor, E., Natusch, D.J.D., Silva, R. da, Pfau, B. & Conde, D.A. (2021) Economics, life history and international trade data for seven turtle species in Indonesian and Malaysian farms. Data in Brief, 34, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106708
  22. Anderson, J. (1871) A list of the reptilian accession to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, from 1865 to 1870, with a description of some new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 40 (2), 12–39.
  23. Andersson, L.G. (1899) Catalogue of Linnean type-specimens of snakes in the Royal Museum in Stockholm. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 24 (6), 1–35.
  24. Andersson, L.G. (1900) Catalogue of Linnean type-specimens of Linnaeus’s reptilia in the Royal Museum in Stockholm. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapliga Akademins Handlingar, 26 (4), 1–29.
  25. Ang, L.J., Sanjay, S. & Sangtam, T. (2014) Ophthalmia due to spitting cobra venom in an urban setting—a report of three cases. Middle East African Journal of Ophtahlmology, 21 (3), 259–261.
  26. Ang, M. (2023) Python coiled around lightings 4-5m above ground at Choa Chu Kang, rescued by Acres. Mothership, 8 January 2023. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2023/01/choa-chu-kang-python-lightings-rescue/ (accessed 8 January 2023)
  27. Ang, W.F., Lim, N.T.-L., Lok, A.F.S.L. & Ng, D.J.J. (2012) Herptiles: amphibians and reptiles. In: Lok, A.F.S.L., Ang, W.F., Tan, H.T.W., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, P.Y. (Eds.), The Native Fauna of the Native Garden @ HortPark: Birds, Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Butterflies, Moths, Damselflies, and Dragonflies. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, and Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, National Parks Board, Singapore, pp. 44–63.
  28. Annandale, N. (1905) Contributions to Oriental herpetology III.—Notes on the Oriental lizards in the Indian Museum, with a list of species recorded from British India and Ceylon. Part 2. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, 1 (5), 139–151.
  29. Annandale, N. (1906) Notes on the fauna of a desert tract in Southern India. Part I.—Batrachians and reptiles, with remarks on the reptiles of the desert region of the North-West Frontier. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 1 (10), 183–219.
  30. Anonymous (1826) The snakes of Singapore. Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British India and Its Dependencies, 21 (123), 386.
  31. Anonymous (1839) From the New York Journal of Commerce. Army and Navy Chronicle, 9 (16), 256.
  32. Anonymous (1879) Adventure with a Python. The Field, 9, 64.
  33. Anonymous (1913) Proceedings of the meeting held on 21st August 1913. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 22 (3), 650–652.
  34. Anonymous (1922) Black Cobra (Naia tripudians). Singapore Naturalist, 1 (1), 24–25.
  35. Anonymous (1950) S’pore sending lizard to London Zoo. The Singapore Free Press, 7 July 1947, 5.
  36. Anonymous (1950) King cobra meets a swift death. The Straits Times, 13 July 1950, 7.
  37. Anonymous (1952) Her snake ‘skipping rope’ came alive. The Straits Times, 18 November 1952, 7.
  38. Anonymous (1991a) Baby crocodile caught in canal at Pasir Ris estate. The Straits Times, 15 May 1991, 2.
  39. Anonymous (1991b) Nature in Our Reservoir Parks. Public Relations Division, Public Utilities Board, Singapore, 20 pp.
  40. Anonymous (2003) Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve—A Decade of Wetland Conservation. National Parks Board, Singapore, 98 pp.
  41. Anonymous (2007) On the cover. Biawak, 1 (2), 54. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2007.54.2.cover
  42. Anonymous (2008) Editor’s note. Biawak, 2 (3), 102–103. https://doi.org/10.1108/dmij.2008.32502caa.001
  43. Anonymous (2009) News notes. Biawak, 3 (3), 74–76. https://doi.org/10.1192/S1749367600000667
  44. Anonymous (2011a) Errata. Biawak, 5 (1–2), 30–31.
  45. Anonymous (2011b) Historical facsimiles. Biawak, 5 (3), 48–50.
  46. Anonymous (2011c) Recent publications. Biawak, 5 (3), 53–54.
  47. Anonymous (2012) News notes. Biawak, 6 (1), 6–7.
  48. Anonymous (2013) Table of contents. Biawak, 7 (2), 49.
  49. Anonymous (2014) Campus in a Garden: A Stroll through Nature and Time—in Commemoration of Singapore Polytechnic’s 60th Anniversary. Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, 122 pp.
  50. Anonymous (2020) Huge reticulated python spotted nestled in electrical box at Tanglin Road. Stomp Straits Times, 25 August 2020. Available from: https://stomp.straitstimes.com/singapore-seen/huge-reticulated-python-spotted-nestled-in-electrical-box-at-tanglin-road/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  51. Asad, S., Wilting, A., Siku, J. & Roedel, M.O. (2020) Possible spatial separation at macro-habitat scales between two congeneric Psammodynastes species, including observations of fishing behaviour in Psammodynastes pictus. SALAMANDRA, 56 (4), 411–415.
  52. Auliya, M. (2007) An Identification Guide to the Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, and Timor Leste. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, s.n., 99 pp.
  53. Auliya, M. (2010) Conservation Status and Impact of Trade on the Oriental Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa in Java, Indonesia. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, 48 pp.
  54. Auliya, M., Mausfeld, P., Schmitz, A. & Böhme, W. (2002) Review of the reticulated python (Python reticulatus Schneider, 1801) with the description of new subspecies from Indonesia. Naturwissenschaften, 89, 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-002-0320-4
  55. Auliya, M., Dijk, P.P., van, Moll, E.O. & Meylan, P.A. (2016) Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert 1770)—Asiatic Softshell Turtle, Southeast Asian Softshell Turtle. Chelonian Research Monographs, 5 (92), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.092.cartilaginea.v1.2016
  56. Aw, J. & Low, M.E.Y (Eds.) (2020) L: 50 Stories of Labour and Love. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, 88 pp.
  57. Baker, B.W. (2006) Forensic implications of dorsal scale row counts. Herpetological Review, 37 (2), 171–173.
  58. Baker, N. (2005) Our forest residents. Nature Watch, 13 (3), 2–9.
  59. Baker, N. (2013a) Blue-spotted bush frog at Nee Soon swamp-forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 20.
  60. Baker, N. (2013b) Malayan swamp skink Sphenomorphus sp. at MacRitchie forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 59.
  61. Baker, N. (2014a) Striped bronzeback neonates at Upper Peirce. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 13–14.
  62. Baker, N. (2014b) Malayan brown snakes at Upper Seletar. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 16–18.
  63. Baker, N. (2014c) Variable reed snake swallows earthworm. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 23–24.
  64. Baker, N. (2014d) Asian softshell turtle at Lower Peirce forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 272.
  65. Baker, N. (2014e) Olive tree skink roadkill at Old Upper Thomson Road. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 297.
  66. Baker, N. (2014f) New record of peninsular bent-toed gecko in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 331–332.
  67. Baker, N. (2015a) Chinese striped-neck terrapin at Sungei Buloh. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 25.
  68. Baker, N. (2015b) Cuban slider and common cooter at MacRitchie Reservoir. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 56–57.
  69. Baker, N. (2015c) King cobra roadkill at Upper Peirce. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 137.
  70. Baker, N. (2016) Five species of gliding lizard Draco spp. at Gunung Pulai, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. Southeast Asia Vertebrate Records, 2016, 110–112.
  71. Baker, N. (2017) A Fly River turtle in MacRitchie Reservoir. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 28.
  72. Baker, N. (2018) A Kopstein’s bronzeback eating a green crested lizard. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 66–69.
  73. Baker, N. (2019) Brown tree skink and white-bellied rat snake at Thomson Nature Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 151–152.
  74. Baker, N. (2020) Ball python and Wagler’s pit-viper at Old Upper Thomson Park Connector. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 99–100.
  75. Baker, N. (2020) A Kopstein’s bronzeback snake at a wasp nest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 217–218.
  76. Baker, N. & Lim, K.P. (2008) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Draco Publishing and Distribution, Singapore, 180 pp.
  77. Baker, N. & Lim, K.P. (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Updated Edition. Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Ltd and Nature Society, Singapore, 180 pp.
  78. Baker, N. & Thomas, N. (2013) Rainbow mud snakes at Kranji Marsh. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 47.
  79. Baker, N. & Ng, B.C. (2014) White–bellied blind snake at Ulu Sembawang. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 257.
  80. Baker, N. & Thomas, N. (2014) Second record of the smooth slug snake in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 337–338.
  81. Baral, R. & Koirala, R. (2020) A king cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor 1836), preying on a green pitviper (Trimeresurus sp.) in Nepal. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians, 27 (2), 211–212. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v27i2.14179
  82. Barbour, T. (1912) A contribution to the zoogeography of the East Indian Islands. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 44 (1), 1–203.
  83. Barnard, T.P. (2019) Imperial Creatures: Humans and Other Animals in Colonial Singapore, 1819–1942. NUS Press, National University of Singapore, Singapore, xiii + 264 pp. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv136c5tz
  84. Bartlett, R.D. (2006) The 25 Best Reptile and Amphibian Pets. Barron’s Educational Series, Inc., New York, 155 pp.
  85. Batuwita, S. & Pethiyagoda, R. (2012) Rediscovery of the Sri Lankan ‘house gecko’ Hemidactylus pieresii Kelaart (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) with a redescription of Hemidactylus depressus Gray. Zootaxa, 3359 (1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3359.1.2
  86. Bauer, A.M. (1998) Some Asian herpetological specimens of historical note in the Zoological Museum, Berlin. Hamadryad, 23 (2), 133–149.
  87. Bauer, A.M. (2016) Southeast Asian and Australasian herpetological collections from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the Zoological Museum of Berlin. In: Das, I. & Tuen, A.A. (Eds.), Naturalists, Explorers and Field Scientists in South-East Asia and Australasia. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, 15, 89–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26161-4_6
  88. Bauer, A.M. (2019) A naturalist’s guide to the reptiles of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Copeia, 107 (2), 382–383.
  89. Bauer, A.M. & Günther, R. (1991) An annotated type catalogue of the geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) in the Zoological Museum, Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut für Spezielle Zoologie Berlin, 67 (2), 279–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19910670204
  90. Bauer, A.M. & Günther, R. (2006) An annotated catalogue of the types of crocodilians (Reptilia: Crocodylia) in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin (ZMB). Zoosystematics and Evolution, 82 (2), 243–247. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.200600010
  91. Bauer, A.M., Günther, R. & Klipfel, M. (1995) Synopsis of taxa. In: Bauer, A.M., Günther, R. & Klipfel, M. (Eds.), Herpetological Contributions of W.C.H. Peters (1815–1883). Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford, Ohio, pp. 39–81.
  92. Bauer, A.M., Jackman, T.R., Greenbaum, E., de Silva, A., Giri, V.B. & Das, I. (2010) Molecular evidence for the taxonomic status of Hemidactylus brookii group taxa (Squamata: Gekkonidae). The Herpetological Journal, 20 (3), 129–138.
  93. Bauer, A.M., Ceregato, A. & Delfino, M. (2013) The oldest herpetological collection in the world: The surviving amphibian and reptile specimens of the Museum of Ulisse Aldrovandi. Amphibia-Reptilia, 34, 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002894
  94. Baur, G. (1893) Notes on the classification and taxonomy of the Testudinata. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 31, 210–225.
  95. Bayless, M.K. (2004) The local names of Pacific monitor lizards (Sauria: Varanidae) of Oceanica and Indo-Malaysia, excluding Australia. Micronesica, 37 (1), 49–55.
  96. Beaver, P.C. & Maleckar, J.R. (1981) Sarcocystis singaporensis Zaman and Colley, (1975) 1976, Sarcocystis villivillosi sp. n., and Sarcocystis zamani sp. n.: development, morphology, and persistence in the laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus. Journal of Parasitology, 67 (2), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.2307/3280645
  97. Bedford, F.P. (1899) Gecko cannibalism. Nature, 60 (1540), 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/060008d0
  98. Begum, S. (2019) Crocodile found in Sungei Kadut drain: Concerns from the past and what next. The Straits Times, 6 July 2019. Available from: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/croc-concerns-past-and-future (accessed 14 January 2021)
  99. Beng, S. (2017) Banded file snake hunting and eating goby. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 84–86.
  100. Bennett, D. (1995) Dumeril’s monitor lizard (Varanus dumerilii). Reptilian, 3, 35–37.
  101. Bennett, D. & Lim, B.L. (1995) A note on the distribution of Varanus dumerilii and V. rudicollis in Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal, 49 (2), 113–116.
  102. Bennett, D. (2004) Varanus dumerilii. In: Pianka, E.R., King, D.R. & King, R.A. (Eds.), Varanoid Lizards of the World. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 172–175.
  103. Bernstein, J.M., Bauer, A.M., McGuire, J.A., Arida, E., Kaiser, H., Kieckbusch, M. & Mecke, S. (2020) Molecular phylogeny of Asian pipesnakes, genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), with the description of a new species from Myanmar. Zootaxa, 4851 (3), 535–558. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4851.3.5
  104. Berry, P.Y. (1964) The breeding patterns of seven species of Singapore anura. Journal of Animal Ecology, 33 (2), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.2307/2629
  105. Berry, P.Y. (1965) The diet of some Singapore anura. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 144 (2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1965.tb05171.x
  106. Berry, P.Y. (1975) The Amphibian Fauna of Peninsular Malaysia. Tropical Press, Kuala Lumpur, x + 130 pp.
  107. Berry, P.Y. & Hendrickson, J.R. (1963) Leptobrachium nigrops, a new pelobatid frog from Malay Peninsula, with remarks on the genus Leptobrachium in Southeast Asia. Copeia, 4, 643–648.
  108. Bezuijen, M.R., Shwedick, B.M., Sommerlad, R., Stevenson, C. & Stuebing, R.B. (2010) Tomistoma schlegelii. In: Manolis, S.C. & Stevenson, C. (Eds.), Crocodiles: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. 3rd Edition. Crocodile Specialist Group, Darwin, pp. 133–138.
  109. Biswas, S. & Sanyal, D.P. (1977) Notes on the Reptilia collection from the Great Nicobar Island during the Great Nicobar Expedition in 1966. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 72 (1–4), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v72/i1-4/1977/161927
  110. Blanford, W.T. (1881) On a collection of reptiles and frogs chiefly from Singapore. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (1), 215–226, pls. 20–21. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.101596
  111. Boettger, O. (1892) Drei neue colubriforme Schlangen. Zoologischer Anzieger, 15 (405), 417–420.
  112. Boettger, O. (1898) Katalog der Reptilien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main. II. Teil (Schlangen). Gebrüder Knauer, Frankfurt-am-Main, ix + 160 pp.
  113. Bogert, C.M. (1966) Index to species for which hemipenes are depicted in ‘Crocodilians, Lizards, and Snakes of North America’. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Services, 1966, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.23317515.5
  114. Böhme, W. (2010) A list of the herpetological type specimens in the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Bonn Zoological Bulletin, 59, 79–108.
  115. Bossuyt, F. & Dubois, A. (2001) A review of the frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Rhacophorinae). Zeylanica, 6, 1–112.
  116. Boulenger, G.A. (1882a) Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia s. Caudata and Batrachia Apoda in the collection of the British Museum. 2nd Edition. Taylor and Francis, London, vi + 127 pp., 9 pls.
  117. Boulenger, G.A. (1882b) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia. s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. 2nd Edition. Taylor and Francis, London, xvi + 503 pp., 30 pls.
  118. Boulenger, G.A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2nd Edition. Vol. I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 436 pp., 32 pls.
  119. Boulenger, G.A. (1887) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2nd Edition. Vol. III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 575 pp., 40 pls.
  120. Boulenger, G.A. (1889a) Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New edition. Taylor and Francis, London, x + 311 pp.
  121. Boulenger, G.A. (1889b) On the species of Rhacophorus confounded under the name of R. maculatus. In Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1889 (1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1889.tb06743.x
  122. Boulenger, G.A. (1890a) First report on additions to the lizard collection in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1890 (1), 77–86.
  123. Boulenger, G.A. (1890b) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor and Francis, London, xviii + 541 pp. 142 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.100797
  124. Boulenger, G.A. (1890c) Reptilia and Batrachia. Zoological Record, 26, 1–23.
  125. Boulenger, G.A. (1890d) Note on Python curtus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1889 (4), 432–433, pl. 45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1889.tb06783.x
  126. Boulenger, G.A. (1891) On new or little-known Indian and Malayan reptiles and batrachians. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 8 (46), 288–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939109460437
  127. Boulenger, G.A. (1893) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. I. Containing the families Typhlopidae, Glauconiidae, Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae, and Colubridae Aglyphae, part. Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 448 pp., 28 pls.
  128. Boulenger, G.A. (1894) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. II. Containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae. Taylor and Francis, London, xi + 382 pp., 20 pls.
  129. Boulenger, G.A. (1896) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. III. Containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae and Viperidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, xiv + 727 pp., 25 pls.
  130. Boulenger, G.A. (1903) Report on the batrachians and reptiles. Fasciculi Malayenses. Anthropological and Zoological Results of an Expedition to Perak and the Siamese Malay States. Zoology. Part I. University Press of Liverpool, London, pp. 131–176, pls. 1–5.
  131. Boulenger, G.A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10813
  132. Boulenger, G.A. (1920a) Reptiles and batrachians collected in Korinchi, West Sumatra, by Messrs. H.C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museum, 8 (2), 285–296, pl. 8.
  133. Boulenger, G.A. (1920b) A monograph of the South Asia, Papuan, Melanesian, and Australian frogs of the genus Rana. Records of the Indian Museum, 20, 1–226. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v20/i1/1920/163533
  134. Bour, R. & Dubois, A. (1984) Nomenclatural availability of Testudo coriacea Vandelli, 1761: a case against a rigid application of the rules to old, well-known zoological works. Journal of Herpetology, 17 (4), 356–361. https://doi.org/10.2307/1563588
  135. Bourret, R. (1941) Les Tortues de l’Indochine. Notes Institut Océanographique de l’Indochine, 38, 1–235.
  136. Bourret, R. (1942) Les Batraciens de l’Indochine. Institut océanographique de l’Indochine, Hanoi, x + 547 pp., 4 pls.
  137. Brongersma, L.D. (1933) Herpetological notes I–IX. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 16 (1), 1–29.
  138. Brongersma, L.D. (1934) Contributions to Indo-Australian herpetology. Zoologische Mededelingen, 17, 161–251.
  139. Brongersma, L.D. (1947) Zoological notes from Port Dickson: I. Amphibians and reptiles. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 27 (4), 300–308.
  140. Brook, B.W., Sodhi, N.S. & Ng, P.K. (2003) Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore. Nature, 424 (6947), 420–426. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01795
  141. Brown, R.M., Leviton, A.E. & Sison, R.V. (1999) Description of a new species of Pseudorabdion (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Panay Island, Philippines with a revised key to the genus. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 8, 7–12. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.24610
  142. Brown, R.M., Siler, C.D., Diesmos, A.C. & Alcala, A.C. (2009) Philippine frogs of the genus Leptobrachium (Anura; Megophryidae): phylogeny-based species delimitation, taxonomic review, and descriptions of three new species. Herpetological Monographs, 23 (1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1655/09-037.1
  143. Brown, R.M., Siler, C.D., Grismer, L.L., Das, I. & McGuire, J.A. (2012) Phylogeny and cryptic diversification in Southeast Asian flying geckos. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 65 (2), 351–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.009
  144. Brown, W.C. (1991) Lizards of the genus Emoia (Scincidae) with observations on their evolution and biogeography. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 15, 1–94.
  145. Brown, W.C. & Alcala, A.C. (1994) Philippine frogs of the family Rhacophoridae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 48 (10), 185–220.
  146. Brygoo, E.-R. (1985) Les types de Scincidés (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. Catalogue critique. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Série 4, 7A (Supplement 3), 1−126. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.287631
  147. Brygoo, E.R. (1988) Les types d’Agamidés (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Catalogue. Bulletin du Muséum nationale d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, Series 4A, 10 (3, Supplement), 1–56. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.287636
  148. Brygoo, E.R. (1989) Les types d’Iguanidés (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Catalogue. Bulletin du Muséum nationale d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, Series 4A, 11 (3, Supplement), 1–112. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.288302
  149. Brygoo, E.R. (1991) Les types de Gekkonidés (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Catalogue. Bulletin du Muséum nationale d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, Series 4A, 12 (3–4, Supp.), 19–141. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.289594
  150. Buddle, R. (1929) Snakes of Singapore Island. Kelly & Walsh, Limited, Singapore, 48 pp.
  151. Bungum, H.Z. & Johns, P. (2022) Aggressive interactions between smooth-coated otters and water monitor lizards in Singapore. bioRxiv, 1–55. [published online] https://doi.org/10.22541/au.165657637.74846473/v1
  152. Burg, M.P. van den, Belleghem, S.M. van & Jesús Villanueva, C.N. de (2020) The continuing march of Common Green Iguanas: arrival on mainland Asia. Journal for Nature Conservation, 57 (125888), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125888
  153. Burton, R.W. (1950) The record hamadryad or king cobra [Naja hannah (Cantor)] and lengths & weights of large specimens. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 49 (3), 561–562.
  154. Butler, A.L. (1901) Notes on trips to Perak and Singapore. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 13 (4), 697–698.
  155. Butler, A.L. (1903) A list of the batrachians known to inhabit the Malay Peninsula, with some remarks on their habits and distribution. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15 (2), 193–205.
  156. Butler, A.L. (1904) A list of the batrachians known to inhabit the Malay Peninsula, with some remarks on their habits, distribution, &c. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15 (3), 387–402.
  157. Butler, C. (2017a) Orange-bellied ring-neck snake at Bukit Kalang. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 55–56.
  158. Butler, C. (2017b) Carcass of banded Malayan coral snake in a phytotelma. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 71–72.
  159. Buzaìs, B., Farkas, B., Gulyaìs, E. & Geìczy, C. (2018) The sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) of Fujairah. Tribulus, 26, 4–31.
  160. Cai, H. & Wu, Z. (2020) Brown anoles at Jurong Lake Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 147–148.
  161. Cai, Y., Davison, G.W.H., Chan, L. & Liong, S.Y. (2018) Conservation outputs and recommendations for Nee Soon freshwater swamp forest, Singapore. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore, 70 (Supplement 1), 191–217.
  162. Calmette, A. (1908) Venoms: Venomous Animals and Antivenomous Serum-Therapeutics. Austen, E.E., translator. John Bale, Sons & Danielsson, London, 403 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.56409
  163. Cantor, T.E. (1839a) Spicilegium serpentium indicorum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1839 (74), 31–34.
  164. Cantor, T.E. (1839b) Spicilegium serpentium indicorum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1839 (75), 49–55.
  165. Cantor, T.E. (1847a) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M.D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 180), 607–656, pl. 20. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5057
  166. Cantor, T.E. (1847b) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M.D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 182), 897–952, pl. 40. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5057
  167. Cantor, T.E. (1847c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M.D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026–1078. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5057
  168. Cantor, T.E. (1850) Catalogue of Malayan fishes. Journal of the Asiatic Society, 18 (2), i–xii + 981–1143, pls. 1–14.
  169. Capocaccia, L. (1957) Catalogo dei tipi di anfibi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 3, 69, 208–222.
  170. Carranza, S. & Arnold, E.N. (2006) Systematics, biogeography, and evolution of Hemidactylus geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) elucidated using mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38 (2), 531–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.07.012
  171. Cedhagen, T. (1997) Anurans collected in West Malaysia. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 7, 1–5.
  172. Cham, G., Lim, F., Earnest, A. & Gopalakrishnakone, P. (2013) Cross-reactivity against Naja sumatrana (black spitting cobra) envenoming from the Haffkine antivenom in a mouse model. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/247645
  173. Cham, J.S.K., Ong, E.J.K. & Jaafar, Z. (2021) Biodiversity Record: First record of at-sea copulation of hawksbill turtles in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021053), 1.
  174. Chambrier, A. de, Binh, T.T. & Scholz, T. (2012) Ophiotaenia bungari n. sp. (Cestoda), a parasite of Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider) (Ophidia: Elapidae) from Vietnam, with comments on relative ovarian size as a new and potentially useful diagnostic character for proteocephalidean tapeworms. Systematic Parasitology, 81 (1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-011-9320-0
  175. Chan, E. (2015) Striped keelback eating Asian toad. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 55.
  176. Chan, E.H. & Liew, H.C. (1996) Decline of the leatherback population in Terengganu, Malaysia, 1956–1995. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 2, 196–203.
  177. Chan, K.O. & A. Norhayati. (2009) Distribution and natural history notes on some poorly known frogs and snakes from Peninsular Malaysia. Herpetological Review, 40 (3), 294–301.
  178. Chan, K.O. & Grismer, L.L. (2019) To split or not to split? Multilocus phylogeny and molecular species delimitation of southeast Asian toads (family: Bufonidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 19 (1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1422-3
  179. Chan, K.O., Belabut, D. & Ahmad, N. (2010a) A revised checklist of the amphibians of peninsular Malaysia. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 17 (3), 202–206.
  180. Chan, K.O., Grismer, L.L., Matsui, M., Nishikawa, K., Wood Jr., P.L., Grismer, J.L., Belabut, D. & Norhayati, A. (2010b) Herpetofauna of Gunung Panti Forest Reserve, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 21 (1), 71–82.
  181. Chan, K.O., Grismer, L.L. & Grismer, J. (2011) A new insular, endemic frog of the genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Microhylidae) from Tioman Island, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 3123 (1), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3123.1.4
  182. Chan, K.O., Grismer, L.L. & Brown, R.M. (2018) Comprehensive multi-locus phylogeny of Old World tree frogs (Anura: Rhacophoridae) reveals taxonomic uncertainties and potential cases of over- and underestimation of species diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 127, 1010–1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.07.005
  183. Chan, K.W. (2006) Snakes alive! Nature Watch, 14 (3), 2–5.
  184. Chan, K.W. (2013a) Body-wiping behaviour of black-eyed litter frog. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 50–51.
  185. Chan, K.W. (2013b) Pink-headed reed snake captured by buffy fish owl. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 89.
  186. Chan, K.W. (2013c) Cave fruit bat and mourning gecko on golden penda tree. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 108–109.
  187. Chan, K.W. (2014a) Striped sun skink at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 48.
  188. Chan, K.W. (2014) Striped tree skink at Dairy Farm Nature Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 57.
  189. Chan, K.W. & d’Rozario, V. (2013) Paradise gliding snake preying on bamboo bat. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 52–58.
  190. Chan, S.H. & Goh, C. (2010) Frogs of Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Amphibia: Anura). Nature in Singapore, 3, 103–116.
  191. Chan-ard, T., Grossmann, W., Gumprecht, A. & Schulz, K.-D. (1999) Amphibians and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand: An Illustrated Checklist. Bushmaster Publications, Wuerselen, 240 pp.
  192. Chan-ard, T., Parr, W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. (2015) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, xxix + 314 pp.
  193. Chanda, S.K., Das, I. & Dubois, A. (2000) Catalogue of amphibian types in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India. Hamadryad, 25, 100–128.
  194. Chang, A.-L. & Koh, T. (2011) Sustainable Development. In: Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, pp. 206–213.
  195. Chanhome, L., Cox, M.J., Wilde, H., Jintakoon, P., Chaiyabutr, N. & Sitprija, V. (1998) Venomous snakebite in Thailand I: medically important snakes. Military Medicine, 163 (5), 310–317.
  196. Chanhome, L., Cox, M.J., Vasaruchapong, T., Chaiyabutr, N. & Sitprija, V. (2011) Characterization of venomous snakes of Thailand. Asian Biomedicine, 5 (3), 311–328.
  197. Channing, A. & Rödel, M.-O. (2019) Field Guide to the Frogs and Other Amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 pp.
  198. Chapman, H. (2019) Orange-bellied ringneck snake eating spider. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 102–103.
  199. Charlton, T. (2018) King Cobra: Natural History and Captive Management. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, xii + 151 pp.
  200. Charlton, T. (2020) A Guide to Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 299 pp.
  201. Chasen, F.N. (1925) On the introduction of an Australian skink into Singapore Island. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 3 (1), 99–101.
  202. Chasen, F.N. & Smedley, N. (1927) A list of reptiles from Pulau Galang and other islands of the Rhio Archipelago. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 5 (2), 351–355.
  203. Cheke, A.S. (2008) The risk to other Indian Ocean islands of invasive species on Diego Garcia. Phelsuma, 16, 70–72.
  204. Chen, J., Chong, K.Y., Yee, A.T.K. & Tan, H.T.W. (2014) A Gazetteer of the Singapore Locality Names of the Collections of the Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, 68 pp.
  205. Chen, P.Z. (2010) An observation of crab predation by a Gerard’s water snake, Gerarda prevostiana (Reptilia: Squamata: Homalopsidae) in the wild at Sungei Buloh, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 3, 195–197.
  206. Chen, X., McKelvy, A.D., Grismer, L.L., Matsui, M., Nishikawa, K. & Burbrink, F.T. (2014) The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the Rainbow Tree Snake Gonyophis margaritatus (Peters, 1871) (Squamata: Colubridae). Zootaxa, 3881 (6), 532–548. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3881.6.3
  207. Cheong, W. (2019) Striped tree skink at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 135.
  208. Cheong, W. (2020) Consumption of a softshell turtle by Malayan water monitors. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 104–105.
  209. Cheong, W.L. & Wee, Z.A.Z.W. (2023) Biodiversity Record: Possible courtship behaviour of crab-eating water snake. Nature in Singapore, 16, e2023004.
  210. Chew, I. & Low, M.-R. (2017) Roadkill green iguana at Upper Thomson. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 5.
  211. Chew, I.S.Y. (2017) White-spotted slug snake at Portsdown Road. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 105.
  212. Chew, M.-M., Elliott, A.B. & Wong, H.Y. (1972) Permeability of urinary bladder of Rana cancrivora to urea in the presence of oxytocin. The Journal of Physiology, 223, 757–772. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009873
  213. Chia, C.S.W. (2014) An apparently mating pair of Wagler’s pit-viper. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 330.
  214. Chia, C.S.W. & Soh, Z. (2014) Black-bearded flying dragon at Kampung Trail. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 222.
  215. Chia, L.S. & Foong, S.F. (1991) Climate and weather. In: Chia, L.S., Rahman, A. & Tay, D.B.H. (Eds.), The Biophysical Environment of Singapore. NUS Press, Singapore, pp. 13–49.
  216. Chim, C.K. (2009) Population ecology of the dog-faced water snake (Cerberus rynchops) at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Singapore. PhD Dissertation. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 188 pp.
  217. Chim C.K. (2014) Snakes of Saint John’s Island. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 112–114.
  218. Chim, C.K. & Diong, C.H. (2013) A mark-recapture study of a dog-faced water snake Cerberus schneiderii (Colubridae: Homalopsidae) population in Sungei Buloh wetland reserve, Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 61 (2), 811–825.
  219. Chin, L.N. (2022a) Biodiversity Record: Striped tree skinks at Hindhede and Windsor Nature Parks. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022062.
  220. Chin, L.N. (2022b) Biodiversity Record: Close encounter with a black-headed collared snake and clouded monitor. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022065.
  221. Chiok, W.X. (2019) Attempted predation on an octopus by a Malayan water monitor lizard. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 40–41.
  222. Chong, E. & Yeo, D.C.J. (2022) Biodiversity Record: First record of in-situ hatching of red-eared sliders in equatorial Southeast Asia. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022044.
  223. Chong, H.P., Tan, K.Y., Tan, N.H. & Tan, C.H. (2019) Exploring the diversity and novelty of toxin genes in Naja sumatrana, the equatorial spitting cobra from Malaysia through de novo venom-gland transcriptomics. Toxins, 11 (2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020104
  224. Chong, R.A. & McGuire, J.A. (2008) Geographic distribution: Psammodynastes pictus. Herpetological Review, 39 (1), 112.
  225. Chong, S.M., Sng, W., Yan, B.T., Wong, W.K., Siow, H.J. & Fernandez, C.J. (2018) Prevalence of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in wild amphibians, Singapore. Herpetological Review, 49 (2),252–254.
  226. Choo, L.M. (2019) A Gimlett’s reed snake at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 74–75.
  227. Choo, R. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Predation of rat by equatorial spitting cobra at Berlayer Creek. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021136), 1–2.
  228. Choo-Toh, G.T., Hails, C.J., Harrison, B., Wee, Y.C. & Wong, Y.K. (1985) A Guide to the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 138 pp.
  229. Choong, C. & Chan, J.Y. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Red-tailed pipe snakes in Mandai area. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022086.
  230. Choong, C. & Lim, Z.X. (2022) Biodiversity Record: A sailfin lizard at Mandai Lake Road. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022088.
  231. Chou, L.M. (1975) Systematic account of the Singapore house geckos. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 4 (3), 130–138.
  232. Chou, L.M. (1988a) Snake encounters in the urban environment. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 58–59.
  233. Chou, L.M. (1988b) A Guide to the Coral Reef Life of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 128 pp.
  234. Chou, L.M. (1993) A Guide to the Dangerous Marine Animals of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.
  235. Chou, L.M. (1994) Calotes versicolor (Indian tree lizard). Herpetological Review, 25, 75–76.
  236. Chou, L.M. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles. In: Chin, S.C., Corlett, R.T., Wee, Y.C. & Geh, S.Y. (Eds.), Rain Forest in the City: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve Singapore. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore, Supplement 3, pp. 145–150.
  237. Chou, L.M. (2011) Marine Ecosystems. In: Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, pp. 76–87.
  238. Chou, L.M. & Lam, T.J. (1989) Introduction of exotic aquatic species in Singapore. In: DeSilva, S.S. (Ed.), Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication. No. 3. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, pp. 91–97.
  239. Chou, L.M., Leong, C.F. & Choo, B.L. (1988) The role of optic, auditory and olfactory senses in prey hunting by two species of geckos. Journal of Herpetology, 22 (3), 349–351. https://doi.org/10.2307/1564162
  240. Chou L.M., Ng, P.K.L. & Lim, K.K.P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y.C. & Ng, P.K.L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70–106.
  241. Chou L.M., Ho, S.H., Khoo, H.W., Lam, T.J., Murphy, D.H. & Tan, W.H. (1980) The Present State of Mangrove Ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the Impact of Pollution—Singapore. South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme, Manila. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and United Nations Environment Programme, SCS/80/WP/94d (Rev.), pp. i–vi + 1–76.
  242. Chou, L.M., Huang, D., Jaafar, Z., Toh, T.C. & Tun, K. (2019) Private Lives. An Exposé of Singapore’s Coral Reefs. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 200 pp.
  243. Chou, L.M., Ng, L., Toh, K.B., Cheo, P.R., Ng, J.Y. & Tun, K. (2020) Hidden Havens: Exploring Marine Life in Singapore’s Marinas. NParks’ Publication, Singapore, 103 pp.
  244. Chow, L.S.Y. (2017) Speckle-headed whip snake at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 17–18.
  245. Chow, L.S.Y. & Lim, K.K.P. (2017) A probable yellow-headed temple terrapin at Venus Drive. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 21.
  246. Chua, E.K. (1993) Nature in Singapore, Ours to Protect. The Nature Society, Singapore, 132 pp.
  247. Chua, E.K. (2000) Pulau Ubin. Ours to Treasure. Simply Green, Singapore, 140 pp.
  248. Chua, E.K. (2002) Chek Jawa: Discovering Singapore’s Biodiversity. Simply Green, Singapore, 116 pp.
  249. Chua, E.K. (2007a) Feral iguana attacks Varanus salvator at Sungei Buloh Wetland reserve. Biawak, 1 (1), 35–36.
  250. Chua, E.K. (2007b) Singapore’s Splendour: Life on the Edge. Simply Green, Singapore, 184 pp.
  251. Chua, E.K. (2010) Wetlands in a City: The Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. Simply Green, Singapore, 176 pp.
  252. Chua, E.K. (2015) Rainforest in a City. Simply Green, Singapore, 188 pp.
  253. Chua, E.K. (2022) Moments of Wonder. Simply Green, Singapore, 200 pp.
  254. Chua, E.K., Choo, M.E. & Wong, T.W. (2016) Footprints on an Island: Rediscovering Pulau Ubin. Simply Green and National Parks Board, Singapore, 168 pp.
  255. Chua, J. & Low, M.-R. (2018) Melanistic dog-toothed cat snake at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 38–39.
  256. Chua, J. (2017) A spotted keelback at MacRitchie forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 169–170.
  257. Chua, J. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Golden gliding snakes at Marina Bay. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021120), 1–2.
  258. Chua, K.S. (2014) Red-eared slider in Hougang canal. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 262.
  259. Chua, K.S. (2018) A yellow-spotted river turtle at Pasir Ris. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 108.
  260. Chua, M.A. (2011) The herpetofauna and mammals of Semakau Landfill: A Project Semakau checklist. Nature in Singapore, 4, 277–287.
  261. Chua, M.A.H. (2014a) Malaysian giant terrapin at Nee Soon swamp-forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 45.
  262. Chua, M.A.H. (2014b) Frilly gecko at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 58.
  263. Chua, M.A.H. (2014c) Juvenile spiny terrapin at MacRitchie forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 142.
  264. Chua, M.A.H. (2014d) Gold-ringed cat snake at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 196.
  265. Chua, M.A.H. (2014e) Black marsh terrapin at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 197.
  266. Chua, M.A.H. (2014f) Dog-toothed cat snake at Ulu Sembawang. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 213.
  267. Chua, M.A.H. (2014g) Striped sun skink basking at Thomson Ridge. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 223.
  268. Chua, M.A.H. (2015a) Malayan water monitor walking with raised tail. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 17.
  269. Chua, M.A.H. (2015b) Gold-ringed cat snake at Lower Peirce forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 187.
  270. Chua, M.A.H. (2015c) Temasekia: 50 Plants and Animals Native to Singapore. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, 87 pp.
  271. Chua, M.A.H. (2016) Forest snakeheads attacking Malayan forest softshell turtle. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 154–155.
  272. Chua, M.A.H. (2017) Frilly gecko at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 69–70.
  273. Chua, M.A.H. & Morley, S. (2013) Striped tree skink at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 78.
  274. Chua, M.A.H., Sivasothi, N. & Meier, R. (2016) Population density, spatiotemporal use and diet of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in a human-modified succession forest landscape of Singapore. Mammal Research, 61 (2), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-015-0259-4
  275. Chua, N. (2020) Watch your step: Hikers nearly step on king cobra at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve thinking it was ‘fallen branch’. AsiaOne, 3 December 2020. Available from: https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/watch-your-step-hikers-nearly-step-king-cobra-bukit-timah-nature-reserve-thinking-it-was (accessed 3 December 2020)
  276. Chua, N. (2022) Sungei Buloh visitors witness python hunting fruit bats & squeezing the life out of one. Mothership, 3 August 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/08/python-squeeze-bats/ (accessed 3 August 2022)
  277. Chua, T.H. (1988) Nesting population and frequency of visits in Dermochelys coriacea in Malaysia. Journal of Herpetology, 22 (2), 192–207. https://doi.org/10.2307/1563998
  278. Chua, W.M. (2014) Keel-bellied whip snake at NTU Jurong Campus. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 60.
  279. Chuah, P. (1988) A python encounter. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 68.
  280. Chuang, S.H. (1973) Introduction. In: Chuang, S.H. (Ed.), Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp. 1–6.
  281. Ciofi, C. & de Boer, M.E. (2004) Distribution and conservation of the Komodo monitor (Varanus komodoensis). Herpetological Journal, 14 (2), 99–107.
  282. CNA (2019) 150 hatchlings born last year at Singapore’s only turtle hatchery: NParks. Available from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-turtle-hatchery-baby-hatchlings-11829126 (accessed 14 January 2021)
  283. Cogger, H.G. (2014) Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 1033 pp. https://doi.org/10.1071/9780643109773
  284. Cope, E.D. (1861) Catalogue of the Colubrids in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Part 3. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 12, 553–566.
  285. Corlett, R.T. (1992) The ecological transformation of Singapore, 1819–1990. Journal of Biogeography, 19 (4), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.2307/2845569
  286. Corlett, R.T. (2011a) Terrestrial Ecosystems. In: Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, pp. 44–51.
  287. Corlett, R.T. (2011b) Urban Biodiversity. In: Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, pp. 88–95.
  288. Corlett, R.T., Liong, S.-Y. Tkalich, P. & Chou, L.M. (2011) Climate Change and Biodiversity in Singapore. In: Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, pp. 114–121.
  289. Cota, M., Chan-ard, T., Mekchai, S. & Laoteaw, S. (2008) Geographical distribution, instinctive feeding behavior and report of nocturnal activity of Varanus Dumérilii in Thailand. Biawak, 2 (4), 152–158.
  290. Cota, M., Chan-ard, T. & Mekchai, S. (2009) Geographical distribution and regional variation of Varanus salvator macromaculatus in Thailand. Biawak, 3 (4), 134–143.
  291. Cota, M. & Sommerlad, R. (2013) Notes and observations on the fish prey of Varanus salvator macromaculatus (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) in Thailand with a review of the fish prey of the Varanus salvator complex known to date. Biawak, 7 (2), 63–70.
  292. Cox, M.J. & Nabhitabhata, J. (1997) Geographic Distribution. Typhlops porrectus. Herpetological Review, 28 (1), 53.
  293. Cox, M.J., van Dijk, P.P., Nabhitabhata, J. & Thirakhupt, K. (1998) A Photographic Guide toSnakes and other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland Publishers, London, 144 pp.
  294. Cox, M.J., Hoover, M.F., Chanhome, L., Thirakhupt, K. & Pongcharoen, C. (2018) A Field Guide to the Venomous Snakes of Mainland ASEAN Nations. Parbpim Limited Partnership, Bangkok, ix + 83 pp.
  295. Crawfurd, J. (1856) A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries. Bradbury and Evans, London, [i] + 459 pp.
  296. Cross, A. (2020a) Some notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during May and June 1944. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 1), 1–7.
  297. Cross, A. (2020b) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during July 1944. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 2), 1–3.
  298. Cross, A. (2020c) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during August 1944. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 3), 1.
  299. Cross, A. (2020d) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during September 1944. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 4), 1–3.
  300. Cross, A. (2020e) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during October 1944. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 5), 1–2.
  301. Cross, A. (2020f) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during November 1944. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 6), 1–4.
  302. Cross, A. (2020g) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during December 1944. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 7), 1–3.
  303. Cross, A. (2020h) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during January 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 8), 1–7.
  304. Cross, A. (2020i) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during February 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 9), 1–4.
  305. Cross, A. (2020j) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained in Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during March 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 10), 1.
  306. Cross, A. (2020k) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained in Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during April 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. 11), 1–2.
  307. Cross, A. (2020l) Belated reports on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained in Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, for March and April 1945. 2020 (Spec. No. 12), 1.
  308. Cross, A. (2020m) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained in Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, between 1st May and 25th August 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 13), 1–6.
  309. Cross, A. (2020n) Compilation of Ophidia and Lacertilia recorded in Singapore from 1942 to 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 14), 1–8.
  310. Cui, L., Rao, D. & Zhang, M. (2020) The complete mitochondrial genome of Amyda cartilaginea (Testudines: Trionychidae). Mitochondrial DNA, Part B, 5 (3), 3652–3654. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2020.1832595
  311. Cymro, Y. (1989) Snakes alive! The Pangolin, 2 (4), 73.
  312. Daicus, B. & Hashim, R. (2004) Herpetofauna of the western region of Endau-Rompin, Johore, Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science, 23 (1), 65–72.
  313. Daltry, J.C. & Wüster, W. (2002) A new species of wolf snake (Serpentes: Colubridae: Lycodon) from the Cardamom Mountains, southwestern Cambodia. Herpetologica, 58 (4), 498–504.
  314. Danao, M. (2020) King cobra hunts water snake along Sungei Buloh Wetlands in Nat-Geo worthy moment. Mothership, 18 July 2020. Available from: https://mustsharenews.com/king-cobra/ (accessed 18 July 2020)
  315. Das, I. (1995) Turtles and Tortoises of India. Oxford University Press, Bombay, 176 pp.
  316. Das, I. (1997) A new species of Cyrtodactylus from the Nicobar Islands, India. Journal of Herpetology, 31 (3), 375–382. https://doi.org/10.2307/1565666
  317. Das, I. (1998) A new species of Boiga (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Nicobar Archipelago. Journal of South Asian Natural History, 3 (1), 59–67.
  318. Das, I. (2005) A new species of Polypedates (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Gunung Murud, Sarawak (Northwestern Borneo). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 53 (2), 265–270.
  319. Das, I. (2007) Geographical distribution: Dendrelaphis kopsteini. Herpetological Review, 38 (2), 220.
  320. Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp.
  321. Das, I. (2012a) A Naturalist’s Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp.
  322. Das, I. (2012b) Looking East: Carolus Linnaeus and his herpetological species from Asia. In: Bell, C.J., Wahlgren, R. & Bauer, A.M. (Eds.), The Herpetological Legacy of Linnaeus. Bibliotheca Herpetologica, 9 (1–2), pp. 104–114.
  323. Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist’s Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp.
  324. Das, I. & Haas, A. (2003) A new species of Kalophrynus (Anura: Microhylidae) from the highlands of north-central Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51 (1), 109–114.
  325. Das, I. & Haas, A. (2005) Sources of larval identities for amphibians from Borneo. Herpetological Review, 36 (4), 375–381.
  326. Das, I. & Lim, K.K.P. (2001) A new Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) from the peat swamps of Selangor, West Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 49 (1), 1–6.
  327. Das, I., Yaakob, N. & Sukumaran, J. (2007) A new species of Microhyla (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Malay Peninsula. Hamadryad-Madras, 31 (2), 304–314.
  328. Das, I., Ahmed, N. & Liat, L.B. (2015) Venomous terrestrial snakes of Malaysia: Their identity and biology. In: Gopalakrishnakone, P., Faiz, S.M.A., Gnanathasan, A.C., Habib, G.A., Fernando, R. & Yang, C.-C. (Eds.), Clinical Toxinology. Malaysian Academic Library Institutional Repository, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6386-9_5
  329. da Silva, A. & Lenin, J. (2010) Mugger Crocodile Crocodylus palustris. In: Manolis, S.C. & Stevenson, C. (Eds.), Crocodiles: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. 3rd Edition. Crocodile Specialist Group, Darwin, pp. 94–98.
  330. Data.gov.sg. (2023) Available from: https://data.gov.sg/dataset/total-land-area-of-singapore (accessed 14 January 2023)
  331. Datta-Roy, A., Das, I., Bauer, A.M., Tron, R.K.L. & Karanth, P. (2013) Lizard wears shades: a spectacled Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae), from the sacred forests of Mawphlang, Meghalaya, North-east India. Zootaxa, 3701 (2), 257–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3701.2.7
  332. Daud, S. (2017a) Giant python caught in Normanton Park may have swallowed a cat. Mothership, 14 September 2017. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2017/09/giant-snake-caught-in-sengkang-may-have-swallowed-cat/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  333. Daud, S. (2017b) Massive python, long enough to cover almost entire footpath, sighted in Sengkang Park. Mothership, 6 October 2017. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2017/10/huge-python-sighted-in-sengkang-park/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  334. Daud, S. (2018) Ang Mo Kio residents find huge python devouring cat in their neighbourhood. Mothership, 24 January 2018. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2018/01/python-snake-swallow-cat-ang-mo-kio/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  335. Daud, S. (2022) Staff in NParks uniforms remove huge python found under Mercedes. Mothership, 13 August 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/08/phython-under-mercedes/ (accessed 13 Augusty 2022)
  336. David, P. & Ineich, I. (1999) Les serpents venimeux du monde: systématique et répartition. Dumérilia, 3, 3–499.
  337. David, P. & Vogel, G. (1996) The Snakes of Sumatra: An Annotated Checklist and Key with Natural History Notes. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt-am-Main, 260 pp.
  338. David, P. & Vogel, G. (2021) Taxonomic composition of the Rhabdophis subminatus (Schlegel, 1837) species complex (Reptilia: Natricidae) with the description of a new species from China. Taprobanica, 10 (02), 89–120. https://doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v10i2.257
  339. David, P. & Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51 (2), 413–420.
  340. David, P. & Vogel, G. (2010) A new species of the natricine snake genus Amphiesma from Borneo (Squamata: Natricidae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 17 (2), 121–127.
  341. David, P., Nadolski, B., Ganesh, S.R., Adhikari, O.D. & Srikanthan, A.N. (2022) A nomenclatural review of Ahaetulla nasuta (Lacépède, 1789): resurrection of Ahaetulla fusca (Duméril, Bibron et Duméril, 1854) for the populations of the Indochinese Region (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 29 (1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-1-19-34
  342. Davis, H.R., Grimser, L.L., Cobos, A.J., Murdoch, M.L., Sumarli, A.X., Anuar, S., Muin, M.A., Wood Jr., P. & Quah, E.S.H. (2018) Checklist of the herpetofauna of Hutan Lipur Gunung Senyum, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 25 (3), 207–220. https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2018-25-3-207-220
  343. Davison, G. (2011) Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity. In: Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, pp. 106–113.
  344. Davison, G.W.H. (2008) The Red List categories. In: Davison, G.W.H., Ng, P.K.L. & Ho, H.C. (Eds.), The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened Plants and Animals of Singapore. 2nd Edition. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 1–4.
  345. Davison, W. (1892) The snakes of Singapore. Singapore and Straits Directory, 1892, 87–93.
  346. Davison, G., Tan, R. & Lee, B. (2012) Wild Singapore. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 208 pp.
  347. Dawson, W.R. (1946) On the history of Gray and Hardwicke’s Illustrations of Indian Zoology, and some biographical notes on General Hardwicke. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 2 (3), 55–69. https://doi.org/10.3366/jsbnh.1946.2.3.55
  348. Decemson, H., Gouda, S., Lalbiakzuala, Lalmuansanga, Hmar, G.Z., Vabeiryureilai, M. & Lalremsanga, H.T. (2021) An annotated checklist of amphibians in and around Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 13 (3), 17918–17929. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6319.13.3.17918-17929
  349. de Fejérváry, G.J. (1935) Further contributions to a monograph of the Megalanidae and fossil Varanidae—with notes on recent variants. Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici, 29, 1–130, pls. 1–14.
  350. de Haas, C.P.J. (1949) The genus Natrix in the collection of the Raffles Museum and its distribution in the Malay Peninsula. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 19, 78–97.
  351. de Haas, C.P.J. (1950) Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptiles, Ophidia). Treubia, 20 (3), 511–625.
  352. Dehling, J.M. (2015) A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Gunung Kinabalu, Borneo. Salamandra, 51 (1), 1–11.
  353. de Lang, R. (2017) The Snakes of Java, Bali and Surrounding Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 435 pp.
  354. de Lang, R. & Vogel, G. (2005) The Snakes of Sulawesi: A Field Guide to the Land Snakes of Sulawesi with Identification Keys. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 312 pp.
  355. de Lisle, H.F. Nazarov, R.A. & Raw, L.R.G. (2021) Gekkota: A catalog of recent species. 699 pp. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Harold-Delisle/publication/267327500_Gekkota_Catalog_of_recent_species_De_Lisle_Nazarow_Raw_Grathwohl/links/634189689cb4fe44f311a54d/Gekkota-Catalog-of-recent-species-De-Lisle-Nazarow-Raw-Grathwohl.pdf (accessed 30 November 2022)
  356. Dennys, N.B. (1878a) Report on the Library and Museum for the Year 1877. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 3 pp.
  357. Dennys, N.B. (1878b) On the occurrence of Ophiophagus elaps, the snake-eating Hamadryad, in Singapore. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1, 99–105.
  358. Dennys, N.B. (1879a) Feeding a python. Nature, 19 (482), 267. https://doi.org/10.1038/019267d0
  359. Dennys, N.B. (1879b) Report on the Raffles Library and Museum for 1878. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 3 pp.
  360. Dennys, N.B. (1880a) The snakes of Singapore I. Singapore Daily Times, 20 December 1880, 2–3.
  361. Dennys, N.B. (1880b) The snakes of Singapore II. Singapore Daily Times, 28 December 1880, 3.
  362. Dennys, N.B. (1881a) The snakes of Singapore III. Singapore Daily Times, 10 January 1881, 2.
  363. Dennys, N.B. (1881b) The snakes of Singapore IV. Singapore Daily Times, 24 March 1881, 2–3.
  364. Dennys, N.B. (1882) Natural history notes. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 9, 161–163.
  365. Denzer, W. & Manthey, U. (1991) A nominal checklist of the lizards inhabiting peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 39 (2), 309–322.
  366. Denzer, W., Günther, R. & Manthey, U. (1997) Kommentierter typenkatalog der Agamen (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) des Museums für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (ehemals Zoologisches Museum Berlin). Mitteilung aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 73, 309–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19970730209
  367. de Queiroz, K. (1995) Checklist and key to the extant species of Mexican iguanas (Reptilia: Iguaninae). Publicaciones Especiales del Museu de Zoología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 9, 1–48.
  368. Deraniyagala, P.E.P. (1939) The tetrapod reptiles of Ceylon. Vol. I. Testudinates and Crocodilians.—Colombo Museum, Colombo. xxxii + 412 pp., 24 pls.
  369. de Rooij, N. (1915) The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosaura. E.J. Brill, Leiden, xiv + 384 pp.
  370. de Rooij, N. (1917) The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II. Ophidia. E.J. Brill, Leiden, xiv + 334 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10610
  371. de Souza, H.F. (2017) A study on the population dynamics and morphometric variation in Cerberus rynchops (Dog-faced water snake) population of Ganjam Coast, Odisha. Msc Thesis., Pondicherry University, s.n., 70 pp.
  372. Devan-Song, A., Luz, S., Matthew, A., Low, M.-R. & Bickford, D.P. (2017) Pythons, parasites, and pests: anthropogenic impacts on Sarcocystis (Sarcocystidae) transmission in a multi-host system. Biotropica, 49 (5), 706–715. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12458
  373. Dhanushri, M. (2020) A juvenile Sumatran flying dragon. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 118.
  374. Dicker, S.E. & Elliott, A.B. (1970a) Effect of neurohypophysial hormones on fluid movement across isolated bladder of Rana cancrivora, Rana temporaria and Bufo melanostictus. The Journal of Physiology, 210, 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009200
  375. Dicker, S.E. & Elliott, A.B. (1970b) Water uptake by the crab-eating frog Rana cancrivora, as affected by osmotic gradients and by neurohypophysial hormones. The Journal of Physiology, 267, 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009052
  376. Dieckmann, S., Norval, G. & Mao, J.J. (2015) A gravid Indonesian Red-tailed Green Ratsnake (Gonyosoma oxycephalum [Boie 1827]) in the pet trade. Reptiles & Amphibians, 22 (1), 32–33. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v22i1.14033
  377. Dijk, P.P. van. (2000) The status of turtles in Asia. Chelonian Research Monographs, 2, 15–23.
  378. Diong, C.H. & Lim, S.S.L. (1998) Taxonomic review and morphometric description of Bronchochela cristatella (Kuhl, 1820) (Squamata: Agamidae) with notes on other species in the genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 46 (2), 345–359.
  379. Diong, C.H., Chou, L.M. & Lim, K.K.P. (1994) Calotes versicolor, the changeable lizard. Nature Malaysiana, 19 (2), 46–54.
  380. Diong, C.H., Lim, S.L. & Tan, W.H. (2001) Natural history notes: Erectmochelys imbricata. Herpetological Review, 32 (3), 184–185.
  381. Dolia, J. (2018) Notes on the distribution and natural history of the King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah Cantor, 1836) from the Kumaon Hills of Uttarakhand, India. Herpetology Notes, 11, 217–222.
  382. Döring, B., Mecke, S., Kieckbusch, M., O’Shea, M. & Kaiser, H. (2017) Food spectrum analysis of the Asian toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) (Anura: Bufonidae), from Timor Island, Wallacea. Journal of Natural History, 51 (11–12), 607–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1293182
  383. D’Rozario, V. (2016) House wolf snake preying on flat-tailed gecko. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 83–84.
  384. Dring, J.C.M. (1979) Amphibians and reptiles from northern Trengganu, Malaysia, with descriptions of two new geckos: Cnemaspis and Cyrtodactylus. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology, 34 (5), 181–241.
  385. Dubois, A. & David, P. (2020) The nomenclatural status of Zaocys carinatus Günther, 1864 (Squamata, Serpentes). Bionomina, 19, 110–115. https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.19.1.7
  386. Dubois, A. & Ohler, A. (1999) Asian and Oriental toads of the Bufo melanostictus, Bufo scaber and Bufo stejnegeri groups (Amphibia, Anura): a list of available and valid names and redescription of some name-bearing types. Journal of South Asian Natural History, 4, 133–180.
  387. Dubois, A. & Ohler, A. (2000) Systematics of Fejervarya limnocharis (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) and related species. 1. Nomenclatural status and type-specimens of the nominal species Rana limnocharis Gravenhorst, 1829. Alytes, 18 (1–2), 15–50.
  388. Duellman, W.E. (2012) Linnaean names in South American herpetology. Bibliotheca Herpetologica, 9, 87–97.
  389. Duméril, C. & Duméril, A. (1851) Catalogue méthodique de la collection des Reptiles (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris). Gide et Baudry, Paris, 224 pp.
  390. Duméril, A.M.C., Bibron, G. & Duméril, A.H.A. (1854a) Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième—Premiere partie. Comprenant l’histoire des serpents non venimeux. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, vii + 780 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.118797
  391. Duméril, A.M.C., Bibron, G. & Duméril, A.H.A. (1854b) Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième—Deuxième partie. Comprenant l’histoire des serpents venimeux. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, pp. xii + 781–1536. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.118797
  392. Duncan, F.M. (1937) On the dates of publication of the Society’s ‘Proceedings,’ 1859–1926. With an appendix containing the dates of publication of ‘Proceedings,’ 1830–1858, compiled by the late F.H. Waterhouse, and of the ‘Transactions,’ 1833–1869, by the late Henry Peavot, originally published in P. Z. S. 1893, 1913. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Series A (General and Experimental), 1937 (1), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb08500.x
  393. Dunson, W.A. & Moll, E.O. (1980) Osmoregulation in sea water of hatchling emydid turtles, Callagur borneoensis, from a Malaysian sea beach. Journal of Herpetology, 14 (1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.2307/1563872
  394. Duong, L.D., Ngo, C.D. & Nguyen, T.Q. (2014) New records of turtles from Binh Dinh Province, Vietnam. Herpetology Notes, 7, 737–744.
  395. Elliott, A.B. & Karunakaran, L. (1974) Diet of Rana cancrivora in fresh water and brackish environments. Journal of Zoology, 174, 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1974.tb03152.x
  396. Eriksson, S. (2011) Medical geography views on snakebites in Southeast Asia: a case study from Vietnam. Asian Geographer, 28 (2), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2011.623415
  397. Ernst, C.H., Laemmerzahl, A.F. & Lovich, J.E. (2016) A morphological review of subspecies of the Asian box turtle, Cuora amboinensis (Testudines, Geomydidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 129 (1), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-129.Q2.144
  398. Fauzan, M.F., Zakky, Q., Hartono, I.H., Riyanto, A. & Hamidy, A. (2022) Habitat preference and population study of house gecko (Gekko gecko) in Seribu Islands, special capital region of Jakarta. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia, 18 (2), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.47349/jbi/18022022/205
  399. Fauzi, M.A., Riyanto, A. & Kurniawan, N. (2022) Morphometric analysis of Sumatran, Kalimantan, and Javan Cyrtodactylus, which were labelled as Cyrtodactylus marmoratus, revealed undescribed species. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 7 (3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.66688
  400. Fayrer, J. (1871) The Thanatophidia of India. Indian Medical Gazette, 6 (2), 21–24.
  401. Fernando, W.K.B.K.M., Kularatne, S.A.M., Wathudura, S.P.K., Silva, A. de, Mori, A. & Mahaulpatha, D. (2015) First reported case of systemic envenoming by the Sri Lankan keelback (Balanophis ceylonensis). Toxicon, 93, 20–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.11.219
  402. Figueroa, A. (2021) The type species: of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 397–400. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.12
  403. Figueroa, A. (2022) Chrysopeleinae Cope, 1893 (Squamata: Colubridae) as the valid name for the family-group currently known as Ahaetuliinae Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell & Lailvaux, 2016 (Squamata: Colubridae). Zootaxa, 5120 (4), 595–597.
  404. Figueroa, A. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Wagler’s Pit Viper at Admiralty Park. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022150.
  405. Figueroa, A. & Prarthini, M.S. (2011) A new locality for the thorny bush frog, Theloderma horridum Boulenger (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 4, 259–262.
  406. Figueroa, A. & McCleary, R.J.R. (2013) Xenochrophis maculatus diet. Herpetological Review, 44 (4), 698–699.
  407. Figueroa, A. & Fantuzzi, J. (2020) Records of striped keelback from eastern Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 87–88.
  408. Figueroa, A. & Law, I.S. (2021) Establishing the presence of marbled bent-toed gecko, Cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 14, e2021030, 1–5.
  409. Figueroa, A. & Low, M.E.Y. (2021) The original description and date of publication of Cylindrophis lineatus and remarks on its type locality (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae). Zootaxa, 4951 (1), 182–186. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4951.1.10
  410. Figueroa, A. & McCleary, R.J.R. (2021) Descending from the trees onto the mud to feed: Observation of ophiophagy by Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus (Gray, 1832) on Fordonia leucobalia (Schlegel, 1837). Herpetology Notes, 14, 1281–1285.
  411. Figueroa, A., McKelvy, A.D., Grismer, L.L., Bell, C.D. & Lailvaux, S.P. (2016) A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus. PLoS One, 11, e0161070. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161070
  412. Figueroa, A., Seet, S. & Thio, H.B. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Dead-on-road rainbow mud snakes. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022005.
  413. Figueroa, A., Tan, C., Tan, J. & Teo, K.M. (2020) Recent observations of brown and olive tree skinks, with a review of records from Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 78–82.
  414. Figueroa, A. & Tan, J. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Blue bronzeback feeding on spotted house gecko at MacRitchie forest. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021121), 1–4.
  415. Fitzinger, L.J.F.J. (1826) Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren Natürlichen Verwandtschaften. Nebst einer Verwandtschafts- Tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des k. k. zoologischen Museums zu Wien. J.G. Huebner, Wien, viii + 66 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4683
  416. Flores-Villela, O., Adler, K. & Eimermacher, T.G. (2016) Identity of three new sea turtles named by J. Friedrich Eschscholtz. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 15 (1),157–162. https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1190.1
  417. Flower, S.S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895–96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856–914, pls. 44–46.
  418. Flower, S.S. (1899b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896–September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600–696, pls. 36–37.
  419. Flower, S.S. (1900) Notes on a second collection of batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 to September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1899 (4), 885–916, pls. 59–60. [conventionally cited as 1899 but published April 1900 (Duncan 1937: 75)]
  420. Flotow, H. (2014) Spiny terrapin scavenging on a bat carcass. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 250.
  421. Foo, V. (2020) Pignose turtle carcass at Marina Barrage. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 219.
  422. Fretey, J. & Bour, R. (1980) Redecouverte du type de Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli) (Testudinata, Dermochelyidae). Bollettino di Zoologia, 47, 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250008009440336
  423. Fritz, U., Obst, F. & Günther, R. (1994) Kritischer typen-katalog der schildkrötensammlung (Reptilia: Testudines) des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut für Spezielle Zoologie Berlin, 70 (1), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19940700110
  424. Fritz, U., Gaulke, M. & Lehr, E. (1997) Revision der südostasiatischen dornschildkröten-gattung Cyclemys Bell, 1834, mit beschreibung einer neuen art. Salamandra, 33, 183–212.
  425. Fritz, U., Gemel, R., Kehlmaier, C., Vamberger, M. & Praschag, P. (2014) Phylogeography of the Asian softshell turtle Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert, 1770): evidence for a species complex. Vertebrate Zoology, 64 (2), 229–243. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.64.e31485
  426. Frost, D.R. (2023) Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. Available from: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html (accessed 14 January 2023)
  427. Fry, B.G., Lumsden, N.G., Wüster, W., Wickramaratna, J.C., Hodgson, W.C. & Kini, R.M. (2003a) Isolation of a neurotoxin (α-colubritoxin) from a nonvenomous colubrid: evidence for early origin of venom in snakes. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 57 (4), 446–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-003-2497-3
  428. Fry, B.G., Wüster, W., Ramjan, S.F.R., Jackson, T., Martelli, P. & Kini, R.M. (2003b) Analysis of Colubroidea snake venoms by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry: evolutionary and toxinological implications. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 17 (18), 2047–2062. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1148
  429. Fukuda, Y., How, C.B., Seah, B., Yang, S., Pocklington, K. & Lim, K.P. (2018) Historical, exceptionally large skulls of saltwater crocodiles discovered at the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 66, 810–813.
  430. Fung, T.K. & Chan, X.L. (2014) Striped keelback on Pulau Ubin. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 108.
  431. Fung, T.K. & Lim, K.K.P. (2013) Giant Asian pond terrapin hatchling at Upper Seletar. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 120.
  432. Fung, T.K. & Low, M.-R. (2018) Common Malayan racer at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 37.
  433. Garg, S., Suyesh, R., Das, A., Jiang, J., Wijayathilaka, N., Amarasinghe, A.A.T., Alhadi, F., Vineeth, K.K., Aravind, N.A., Senevirathne, G., Meegaskumbura, M. & Biju, S.D. (2019) Systematic revision of Microhyla (Microhylidae) frogs of South Asia: a molecular, morphological, and acoustic assessment. Vertebrate Zoology, 69 (1), 1–71.
  434. Garg, S., Sivaperuman, C., Gokulakrishnan, G., Chandramouli, S.R. & Biju, S.D. (2022) Hiding in plain sight: rain water puddles in Nicobar Islands of India reveal abundance of a new frog species of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Microhylidae). Zoological Studies, 61 (2), 1–23.
  435. Gassó Miracle, M.E., van den Hoek Ostende, L.W. & Arntzen, J.W. (2007) Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zootaxa, 1482, 25–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1482.1.2
  436. Gaulke, M. & Horn, H.-G. (2004) Varanus salvator (nominate form). In: Pianka, E.R., King, D.R. & King, R.A. (Eds.), Varanoid Lizards of the World. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 244–257.
  437. Gee, N.G. & Boring, A.M. (1929) Check list of Chinese Amphibia with notes on geographical distribution. Peking Natural History Bulletin, 4, 15–51.
  438. Geissler, P. & Kupfer, A. (2019) On the taxonomic status of Lygosoma (Keneuxia) dubium Werner, 1909. Zootaxa, 4543 (2), 295–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4543.2.9
  439. Gilbert, M., Bickford, D., Clark, L., Johnson, A., Joyner, P.H., Keatts, L.O., Khammavong, K., Văn, L.N., Newton, A., Seow, T.P.W., Roberton, S., Silithammavong, S., Singhalath, S., Yang, A. & Seimon, T.A. (2012) Amphibian pathogens in Southeast Asian frog trade. EcoHealth, 9 (4), 386–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-013-0817-7
  440. Gill, B.J., Bejakovtch, D. & Whitaker, A.H. (2001) Records of foreign reptiles and amphibians accidentally imported to New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 28 (3), 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2001.9518274
  441. Ginal, P., Tan, W.C. & Rödder, D. (2022) Invasive risk assessment and expansion of the realized niche of the Oriental Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor species complex (Daudin, 1802). Frontiers of Biogeography, 14 (3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG54299
  442. Girard, C. (1858a) Descriptions of some new Reptiles, collected by the US. Exploring Expedition under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Third Part. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 181–182.
  443. Girard, C. (1858b) United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. XX. Herpetology. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott and Company, xvii + 496 pp., 32 pls.
  444. Glaw, F. (2015) Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Vertebrate Zoology, 65 (2), 167–246. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.65.e31518
  445. Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (1997) Anuran eye colouration: definitions, variation, taxonomic implications and possible functions. In: Bohme, W., Bischoff, W., Ziegler, T. (Eds.), Herpetologia Bonnensis (Proceedings of the Eighth Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica). Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Bonn, pp. 125–138.
  446. Global Invasive Species Database. (2019a) Species profile: Norops sagrei. Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/speciesname/Norops+sagrei (accessed 14 January 2021)
  447. Global Invasive Species Database. (2019b) Species profile: Lithobates catesbeianus. Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/speciesname/Lithobates+catesbeianus (accessed 14 January 2021)
  448. Global Invasive Species Database. (2019c) Species profile: Trachemys scripta elegans. Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/speciesname/Trachemys+scripta+elegans (accessed 14 January 2021)
  449. Gmelin, J.F. (1789) s.n. In: Caroli a Linne...Systema naturae per regna tria natural, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus differentilis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Pars III. Amphibia et Pisces. Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig, pp. 1038–1516.
  450. Goh, A.Y.H. (2022) Biodiversity Record: A brown kukri snake at MacRitchie forest. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022100.
  451. Goh, B.P.L., Sodhi, N.S., Li, D., Ho, S.H. & Ng, P.K.L. (2002) A Guide to Urban Creatures. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.
  452. Goh, E. (2019) Capture of a lesser Asiatic yellow house bat by a paradise gliding snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 93–94.
  453. Goh, E. & Law, I.T. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Striped kukri snake diving into water from a palm frond. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021137), 1.
  454. Goh, E. & Loh, M. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Golden gliding snake at MacPherson. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022058.
  455. Goh, E. & Pek, J. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Golden gliding snake at Ang Mo Kio. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022037.
  456. Goh, E.S.C. & Seah, R.W.X. (2020) Observation of a brown anole at the Kovan area. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 190.
  457. Goh, T.Y. & O’Riordan, R.M. (2007) Are tortoises and freshwater turtles still traded illegally as pets in Singapore? Oryx, 41 (1), 97–100. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060530700155X
  458. Goldberg, S.R. & Grismer, L.L. (2014) Lipinia vittigera (yellow-striped tree skink) reproduction. Herpetological Review, 45 (4), 697–698.
  459. Gong, S., Vamberger, M., Auer, M., Praschag, P. & Fritz, U. (2018) Millennium-old farm breeding of Chinese softshell turtles (Pelodiscus spp.) results in massive erosion of biodiversity. Science of Nature, 105, 34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-018-1558-9
  460. Gopalakrishnakone, P. (1990) A Colour Guide to Dangerous Animals. Singapore University Press, Singapore, 156 pp.
  461. Gorin, V.A., Solovyeva, E.N., Hasan, M., Okamiya, H., Karunarathna, D.M.S.S., Pawangkhanant, P., de Silva, A., Juthong, W., Milto, K.D., Nguyen, L.T., Suwannapoom, C., Haas, A., Bickford, D.P., Das, I. & Poyarkov, N.A. (2020) A little frog leaps a long way: compounded colonizations of the Indian Subcontinent discovered in the tiny Oriental frog genus Microhyla (Amphibia: Microhylidae). PeerJ, 8, e9411. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9411
  462. Goris, R.C. & Maeda, N. (2004) Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, 285 pp.
  463. Gowande, G., Pal, S., Jablonski, D., Masroor, R., Phansalkar, P.U., Dsouza, P., Jayarajan, A. & Shanker, K. (2021) Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomic reassessment of the widespread agamid lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802) (Squamata, Agamidae) across South Asia. Vertebrate Zoology, 71, 669–696. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e62787
  464. Grahadi, R., Fatchiyah, F. & Kurniawan, N. (2022) Virtual prediction of potential immunogenic epitope of candoxin protein from Malayan krait (Bungarus candidus) venom. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, 10 (6), 1046–1057. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres22.1469_10.6.1046
  465. Grandison, A.G.C. (1972) The Gunung Benom Expedition 1967. 5. Reptiles and amphibians of Gunung Benom with a description of a new species of Macrocalamus. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology, 23 (4), 43–101. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.314200
  466. Grandison, A.G.C. (1978) Snakes of West Malaysia and Singapore. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 81, 283–302.
  467. Gray, J.E. (1827) A synopsis of the genera of saurian reptiles, in which some new genera are indicated, and the others reviewed by actual examination. Philosophical Magazine, or Annals of Chemistry, Mathematics, Astronomy, Natural History, and General Science, 2, 54–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442708675620
  468. Gray, J.E. (1830–1832) Illustrations of Indian Zoology; Chiefly Selected from the Collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F.R.S., L.S., M.R.A.S., M.R.I.A., &c., &c. Vol. I. Treuttel, Wurtz, Treuttel, Jun. and Richter, London / Parbury, Allen and Co., London, [2] pp., 100 pls., 1 portrait. [for dates of publications, see Wheeler (1998)] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.95127
  469. Gray, J.E. (1832–1835) Illustrations of Indian Zoology; Chiefly Selected from the Collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F.R.S., L.S., M.R.A.S., M.R.I.A., &c., &c. Vol. II. Treuttel, Wurtz, Treuttel, Jun. and Richter, London/Parbury, Allen and Co., London, [2] pp., 102 pls. [for dates of publications, see Wheeler (1998)]
  470. Gray, J.E. (1842a) Synopsis of the species of rattle-snakes, or family of Crotalidae. Zoological Miscellany, 1 (2), 47–51.
  471. Gray, J.E. (1842b) Monographic synopsis of the water snakes, or the family Hydridae. Zoological Miscellany, 1 (2), 59–68.
  472. Gray, J.E. (1844) Catalogue of Tortoises, Crocodilians, and Amphisbaenians in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, vii + 80 pp.
  473. Gray, J.E. (1845) Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xxviii + 289 pp.
  474. Gray, J.E. (1849) Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London. xv + 125 pp.
  475. Gray, J.E. (1854) Description of a new genus and some new species of tortoises. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1852 (246), 133–135.
  476. Gray, J.E. (1855) Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Testudinata (Tortoises). Trustees [of the British Museum], London, pp. 1–79, 42 pls.
  477. Gray, J.E. (1863a) Notice of a new species of Dogania from Asia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1862 (3), 265–266.
  478. Gray, J.E. (1863b) Observations on the box tortoises, with the descriptions of three new Asiatic species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1863 (2), 173–179.
  479. Gray, J.E. (1864) Revision of the species of Trionychidae found in Asia and Africa, with the descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1864 (1), 76–98.
  480. Gray, J. (1867) Synopsis of the species of recent crocodilians or emydosaurians, chiefly founded on the specimens in the British Museum and the Royal College of Surgeons. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 6 (4), 125–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1867.tb00575.x
  481. Gray, J.E. (1870) Supplement to the Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Testudinata (Tortoises). With Figures of the Skulls of 36 Genera. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, [i] + 120 pp.
  482. Gray, J.E. (1872) Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II. Emydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphisbaenians. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, vi + 41 pp.
  483. Gray, J.E. (1873) Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the British Museum. Eighth Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, iv + 124 pp.
  484. Gremli, M. (1988) Reptile visitors to local coastal waters. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 60–62.
  485. Grismer, J.L., Powels, G. & Youmans, T. (2002) Geographic distribution: Draco quinquefasciatus. Herpetological Review, 33 (1), 65.
  486. Grismer, L.L. (2006) Slender toes in southern Malaysia. Iguana, 13 (1), 3–6.
  487. Grismer, L.L. (2007) A new species of Ingerophrynus (Anura: Bufonidae) from a lowland rain forest in southern Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Herpetology, 41 (2), 225–230.
  488. Grismer, L.L. (2011a) Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago (Peninsular Malaysia). Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 239 pp.
  489. Grismer, L.L. (2011b) Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Their Adjacent Archipelagos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 728 pp.
  490. Grismer, L.L. & Leong, T.M. (2005) New species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Herpetology, 39 (4), 584–591. https://doi.org/10.1670/43-05A.1
  491. Grismer, L.L. & Aun, P.K. (2008) Diversity, endemism, and conservation of the amphibians and reptiles of southern Peninsular Malaysia and its offshore islands. Herpetological Review, 39 (3), 270.
  492. Grismer, L.L., Das, I. & Leong, T.M. (2003) A new species of Gongylosoma (Squamata: Colubridae) from Pulau Tioman, West Malaysia. Herpetologica, 59 (4), 565–572. https://doi.org/10.1655/02-38
  493. Grismer, L.L., Chan, K.O., Grismer, J.L., Wood Jr., P.L. & Norhayati, A. (2010) A checklist of the herpetofauna of the Banjaran Bintang, Peninsular Malaysia. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 17 (2), 147–160.
  494. Grismer, L.L., Wood Jr., P.L. & Lim, K.K.P. (2012) Cyrtodactylus majulah, a new species of bent-toed gecko (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Singapore and the Riau Archipelago. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 60 (2), 487–499.
  495. Grismer, L.L., Anuar, S., Muin, M.A., Quah, E.S.H. & Wood Jr., P.L. (2013a) Phylogenetic relationships and description of a new upland species of Bent-toed Gecko (Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827) of the C. sworderi complex from northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 3616 (3), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3616.3.2
  496. Grismer, L.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Anuar, S. Muin, M.A., Quah, E.S.H., McGuire, J.A., Brown, R.M., Tri, N.V. & Thai, P.H. (2013b) Integrative taxonomy uncovers high levels of cryptic species diversity in Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and the description of a new species from Peninsular Malaysia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 169 (4), 849–880. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12064
  497. Grismer, L.L., Belabut, D.M., Quah, E.S.H., Onn, C.K. & Wood Jr., P.L. (2014a) A new species of karst forest-adapted Bent-toed Gecko (genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827) belonging to the C. sworderi complex from a threatened karst forest in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 3755 (5), 434–446. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3755.5.3
  498. Grismer, L.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Onn, C.K., Anuar, S. & Muin, M.A. (2014b) Cyrts in the city: A new Bent-toed Gecko (Genus Cyrtodactylus) is the only endemic species of vertebrate from Batu Caves, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 3774 (4), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3774.4.6
  499. Grismer, L.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Shahrul, A., Riyanto, A., Norhayati, A., Muin, M.A., Sumontha, M., Grismer, J.L., Chan, K.O., Quah, E.S.H. & Pauwels, O.S.A. (2014c) Systematics and natural history of Southeast Asian rock geckos (genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) with descriptions of eight new species from Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Zootaxa, 3880 (1), 1–147. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3880.1.1
  500. Grismer, L.L., Muin, M.A., Wood Jr., P.L., Anuar, S. & Linkem, C.W. (2016) The transfer of two clades of Malaysian Sphenomorphus Fitzinger (Squamata: Scinidae) into the genus Tytthoscincus Linkem, Diesmos, and Brown and the description of a new Malaysian swamp-dwelling species. Zootaxa, 4092 (2), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.2.6
  501. Grismer, L.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Lim, K.P.L. & Liang, L.J. (2017) A new species of swamp-dwelling skink (Tytthoscincus) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 65, 574–584.
  502. Grismer, L.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Quah, E.S.H., Anuar, S., Ngadi, E.B., Izam, N.A.M. & Ahmad, N. (2018) Systematics, ecomorphology, cryptic speciation and biogeography of the lizard genus Tytthoscincus Linkem, Diesmos & Brown (Squamata: Scincidae) from the sky-island archipelago of Peninsular Malaysia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 183 (3), 635–671. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx067
  503. Grismer, L.L. & Davis, H.R. (2018) Phylogeny and biogeography of Bent-toed Geckos (Cyrtodactylus Gray) of the Sundaic swamp clade. Zootaxa, 4472 (2), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4472.2.9
  504. Grismer, L.L. & Quah, E.S.H. (2019) An updated and annotated checklist of the lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, and their adjacent archipelagos. Zootaxa, 4545 (2), 230–248. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.4
  505. Grismer, L.L., Wood, P.L., Poyarkov, N.A., Le, M.D., Kraus, F., Agarwal, I., Oliver, P.M., Nguyen, S.N., Nguyen, T.Q., Karunarathna, S., Welton, L.J., Stuart, B.L., Luu, V.Q., Bauer, A.M., O’Connell, K.A., Quah, E.S.H., Chan, K.O., Ziegler, T., Ngo, H., Nazarov, R.A., Aowphol, A., Chomdej, S., Suwannapoom, C., Siler, C.D., Anuar, S., Tri, N.V. & Grismer, J.L. (2021) Phylogenetic partitioning of the third-largest vertebrate genus in the world, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia; Squamata; Gekkonidae) and its relevance to taxonomy and conservation. Vertebrate Zoology, 71, 101–154. https://doi.org/10.3897/vertebrate-zoology.71.e59307
  506. Grismer, L.L., del Pinto, L., Quah, E.S., Anuar, S., Cota, M., McGuire, J.A., Iskandar, D.T., Wood Jr., P.L. & Grismer, J.L. (2022) Phylogenetic and multivariate analyses of Gekko smithii Gray, 1842 recover a new species from Peninsular Malaysia and support the resurrection of G. albomaculatus (Giebel, 1861) from Sumatra. Vertebrate Zoology, 72, 47–80. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e77702
  507. Gritis, P.A. & Voris, H.K. (1990) Variability and significance of parietal and ventral scales in the marine snakes of the genus Lapemis (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae), with comments on the occurrence of spiny scales in the genus. Fieldiana: Zoology, 56, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3109
  508. Groenewoud, D. (2014a) Pink-headed reed snake at Venus Drive forest with a note on its bite. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 220–221.
  509. Groenewoud, D. (2014b) Brown tree skinks at MacRitchie forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 227–228.
  510. Groenewoud, D. (2014c) Kendall’s rock gecko at Thomson Ridge. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 239.
  511. Groenewoud, D. (2015a) Banded file snake at Sembawang beach. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 40.
  512. Groenewoud, D. (2015b) Singapore bent-toed gecko swimming underwater. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 42.
  513. Groenewoud, D. (2015c) Interaction between two spotted keelback snakes. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 90.
  514. Groenewoud, D. (2016) Common Malayan racer at Ulu Simpang Kiri. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 67.
  515. Groenewoud, D. (2017) Indochinese rat snake at Sembawang. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 41.
  516. Groenewoud, D. & Law, I.S. (2015) Red-tailed racer at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 50.
  517. Groenewoud, D. & Law, I.S. (2016a) First record of greenhouse frog in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 59.
  518. Groenewoud, D. & Law, I.S. (2016b) Brook’s house geckos at Admiralty Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 60.
  519. Grossmann, W. & Tillack, F. (2003) On the taxonomic status of Asthenodipsas tropidonotus (Van Lidth de Jeude, 1923) and Pareas vertebralis (Boulenger, 1909) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Pareatinae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 10 (1), 175–190,
  520. Gumprecht, A., Tillack, F., Orlov, N.L., Captain, A. & Rayabov, S. (2004) Asian Pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  521. Gumprecht, A. & Schulz, K.-D. (2013) The Asian brown snakes of the genus Xenelaphis. In: Schulz, K.-D. (Ed.), Old World Ratsnakes: A Collection of Papers. Bushmaster Publications, Berg, pp. 403–416.
  522. Günther, A. (1858a) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xvi + 160 pp., 12 pls.
  523. Günther, A. (1858b) Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xvi + 281 pp.
  524. Günther, A. (1863) Third account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 12 (71), 348–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936308681536
  525. Günther, A. (1895) The reptiles and batrachians of the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicae, 2, 499–502.
  526. Günther, A.C.L.G. (1864) The Reptiles of British India. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xxvii + 452 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5012
  527. Gyi, K.K. (1970) A revision of colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 20 (2), 47–223.
  528. Haklay, M. & Weber, P. (2008) Openstreetmap: User-generated street maps. IEEEPervasive Computing, 7 (4), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2008.80
  529. Hall, M. (1988) Learning to love the snakes of Pasir Panjang Hill. The Pangolin, 1 (4), 88–90.
  530. Hall, M. (1989) Some notes on the vertebrates of a Pasir Panjang Hill garden (not including the birds and snakes), June 1985—June 1989. The Pangolin, 2 (2), 32–33.
  531. Hallermann, J. (2000) A new species of Calotes from the Moluccas (Indonesia), with notes on the biogeography of the genus (Sauria: Agamidae). Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 49 (1–4), 155–164.
  532. Hallermann, J. (2005) A taxonomic review of the genus Bronchocela (Squamata: Agamidae), with description of a new species from Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 12 (3), 167–182.
  533. Hamidy, A., Matsui, M., Nishikawa, K. & Belabut, D.M. (2012) Detection of cryptic taxa in Leptobrachium nigrops (Amphibia, Anura, Megophryidae), with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 3398 (1), 22–39.
  534. Hanitsch, R. (1898) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31st December, 1897. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 11–22.
  535. Hanitsch, R. (1899) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31st December, 1898. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 7–16.
  536. Hanitsch, R. (1900) Raffles Library and Museum. In: Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1899. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 27–35.
  537. Hanitsch, R. (1905) Raffles Library and Museum. In: Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1904. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 18–26.
  538. Hanitsch, R. (1910a) Annual report of the Raffles Museum and Library. In: Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1908. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 18–26.
  539. Hanitsch, R. (1910b) Annual report on the Raffles Museum and Library. In: Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1909. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 1–11.
  540. Hanitsch, R. (1912a) Raffles Library and Museum. In: Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1911. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 3–10.
  541. Hanitsch, R. (1912b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp.
  542. Hanitsch, R. (1919) Annual report on the Raffles Museum and Library, for the year 1915. In: Annual Reports on the Raffles Museum and Library, Singapore, for the Years 1914–1918. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 1–4.
  543. Hardwicke, T. & Gray, J.E. (1827) A synopsis of the species of saurian reptiles, collected in India by Hardwicke. Zoological Journal, 3 (10), 213–229.
  544. Harman, A.J.E. (1961) A collection of snakes from Singapore. Malayan Nature Journal, 15 (3–4), 181–183.
  545. Harrison J.L. & Tham, A.K. (1973) The exploitation of animals. In: Chuang, S.H. (Ed.), Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp. 251–259.
  546. Harvey, M.B., Shaney, K., Sidik, I., Kurniawan, N. & Smith, E.N. (2017) Endemic dragons of Sumatra’s volcanoes: new species of Dendragama (Squamata: Agamidae) and status of Salea rosaceum Thominot. Herpetological Monographs, 31 (1), 69–97.
  547. Hasan, M., Sarker, M.A.R., Kurabayashi, A., Kuramoto, M. & Sumida, M. (2015) Genetic variation, advertisement call, and morphometry of Microhyla nilphamariensis from Bangladesh. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology, 9, 63–80.
  548. Hauser, S. (2017) On the validity of Pareas macularius Theobald, 1868 (Squamata: Pareidae) as a species distinct from Pareas margaritophorus (Jan in Bocourt, 1866). Tropical Natural History, 17 (1), 25–52.
  549. Hawa, S. (2020) 2.5m, 8kg python captured by NParks personnel in Jurong West after tug of war. Mothership, 14 September 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/09/python-jurong-west-caught/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  550. Hawkeswood, T.J. & Sommung, B. (2016) Observations on the reptile fauna of Lat Krabang Park, Bangkok, Thailand. Calodema, 440, 1–8.
  551. Hawkeswood, T.J. & Sommung, B. (2017a) A record of the Long-tailed Lizard, Takydromus sexlineatus (Daudin, 1802) (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from the farming district of Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Calodema, 564, 1–3.
  552. Hawkeswood, T.J. & Sommung, B. (2017b) A record of the Javanese Rat Snake, Ptyas korros (Schlegel, 1837) (Reptilia: Colubridae) from the Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Calodema, 566, 1–3.
  553. Hawkeswood, T.J. & Sommung, B. (2018a) A record of the Copper-head Racer, Coelognathus radiatus (Boie, 1827) (Reptilia: Colubridae) being killed in a fishing line mesh net during a tropical storm in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. Calodema, 633, 1–3.
  554. Hawkeswood, T.J. & Sommung, A. (2018b) Record of Ptyas korros (Schlegel, 1837) (Reptilia: Colubridae) feeding on a frog, Polypedates leucomastyx (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae) in a house at Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. Calodema, 685, 1–4.
  555. He, R. (2015) Python vs cobra fight in NTU broken up by pest control. Mothership, 27 August 2015. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2015/08/python-vs-cobra-fight-in-ntu-broken-up-by-pest-control/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  556. He, R. (2016) Sungei Buloh king cobra blocks hiker’s path, devours monitor lizard. Mothership, 10 January 2016. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2016/01/sungei-buloh-king-cobra-blocks-hikers-path-devours-monitor-lizard/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  557. Heatwole, H. (1999) Sea Snakes. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney, 148 pp.
  558. Heatwole, H., Busack, S. & Cogger, H. (2005) Geographic variation in sea kraits of the Laticauda colubrina complex (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophiinae: Laticaudini). Herpetological Monographs, 19 (1), 1–136.
  559. Heinicke M.P., Diaz, L.M. & Hedges, S.B. (2011) Origin of invasive Florida frogs traced to Cuba. Biology Letters, 7 (3), 407–410.
  560. Hellier, M. (1902) Raffles Library and Museum. Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1901. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 1–7.
  561. Hennig, W. (1936) Revision der gattung Draco (Agamidae). Temminckia, 1, 154–220.
  562. Herre, A.W.C.T. (1942) Notes on Philippine sea-snakes. Copeia, 1942, 7–9. https://doi.org/10.2307/1437934
  563. Hill, N. (2019) Description of cranial elements and ontogenetic change within Tropidolaemus wagleri (Serpentes: Crotalinae). PLoS ONE, 14 (2), e0206023, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206023
  564. Hirai, T. & Matsui, M. (2000) Ant specialization in diet of the narrow-mouthed toad, Microhyla ornata, from Amamioshima Island of the Ryukyu Archipelago. Current Herpetology, 19 (1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.19.27
  565. Ho, H.C., Lai, C.K. & Tham, W.H. (2015) Green Rail Corridor: A Guide to the Ecology and Heritage of the Former Railway Land. Nature Society and Singapore Heritage Society, Singapore, 18 + [40] pp.
  566. Ho, H.C., Jain, A. & Owyong, A. (2019) The Green Rail Corridor: A Biodiversity and Ecological Overview. Nature Society, Singapore, vii + 131 pp.
  567. Ho, J.K.I. (2019) A recent record of the Siamese short-limbed supple skink in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 42.
  568. Ho, J.K.I., Foo, M., Yeo, D. & Meier, R. (2019) The other 99%: exploring the arthropod species diversity of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore, 71 (Supplement 1), 391–417.
  569. Ho, Y.Y. (2021) Heterospecific amplexus between a male paddy frog, Fejervarya multistriata (Hallowell 1861) (Anura: Dicroglossidae), and a male banded bullfrog, Kaloula pulchra Gray 1831 (Anura: Microhylidae), from Hong Kong. Reptiles & Amphibians, 28 (2), 350–351. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i2.15471
  570. Hoang, C.V., Nguyen, T.T., Phan, T.Q., Pham, C.T., Ninh, H.T., Wang, B., Jiang, J.P., Ziegler, T. & Nguyen, T.Q. (2022) Distribution pattern of the Microhyla heymonsi group (Anura, Microhylidae) with descriptions of two new species from Vietnam. European Journal of Taxonomy, 846, 1–41. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1961
  571. Hoffmann, C.K. (1890a) H.G. Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des their-–Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Sechster Band. III. Abtheilung. Reptilien. II. Eidechsen und Wassrechsen. C.F. Winter, Leipzig, pp. 443–1399, pls. 49–107.
  572. Hoffmann, C.K. (1890b) H.G. Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des their-–Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Sechster Band. III. Abtheilung. Reptilien. III. Schlangen und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Reptilien. C.F. Winter’sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig, pp. 1401–2089.
  573. Holden, J & Poyarkov, N.A. (2021) A range extension for Dryophiops rubescens (Gray, 1835) with the first record of the species from Vietnam. Herpetology Notes, 14, 795–798.
  574. Hong, Y., He, Y., Lin, Z., Du, Y., Chen, S., Han, L., Zhang, Q., Gu, S., Tu, W., Hu, S., Yuan, Z. & Liu, X. (2022) Complex origins indicate a potential bridgehead introduction of an emerging amphibian invader (Eleutherodactylus planirostris) in China. NeoBiota, 77, 23–37. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.77.83205
  575. Hoogmoed, M.S. (1973) Notes on the Herpetofauna of Surinam. IV. The Lizards and Amphisbaenians of Surinam. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, 419 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2706-9
  576. Hoogmoed, M.S., Gassó Miracle, M.E. & van den Hoek Ostende, L.W. (2010) Type specimens of recent and fossil Testudines and Crocodylia in the collections of the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Mededelingen, 84 (8), 159–199.
  577. Hooker, J.D. (1854) Himalayan Journals; Or, Notes of a Naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia Mountains, &c. In Two Volumes. Vol. II. John Murray, London, xii + 487 pp., 6 pls., frontispiece. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60447
  578. Horwood, F.K. (1968) Exotic xerophytes-7: Three species of myrmecophilous plants from Singapore. The National Cactus and Succulent Journal, 23 (2), 34–38.
  579. Hosamani, M.B. & Kadadevaru, G.G. (2022) Reproductive Ecology of Narrow mouthed frog Microhyla ornata. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 48, 597–602.
  580. How, M. (2018) S’pore otters caught on camera messing with turtle, multiple injuries inflicted. Mothership, 8 March 2018. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2018/03/otters-singapore-turtle-bishan/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  581. How, M. (2022) Woman’s 6kg pet cat swallowed by python in Tanah Merah condominium. Mothership, 2 September 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/09/pet-cat-eaten-python/ (accessed 2 September 2022)
  582. Hrima, V.L., Sailo, V.H., Fanai, Z., Lalronunga, S., Zothansiama, C.L. & Lalremsanga, H.T. (2014) Nesting ecology of the king cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Reptilia: Squamata: Elapidae) in Aizawl District, Mizoram, India. Issues and Trends of Wildlife Conservation in Northeast India, 2014, 268–274.
  583. Huang, N. & Lee, P. (2014) Probable predation of crab-eating water snake by common palm civet. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 259–260.
  584. Huang, S.-C., Norval, G. & Tso, I.-M. (2008) Predation by an exotic lizard, Anolis sagrei, alters the ant community structure in betelnut palm plantations in southern Taiwan. Ecological Entomology, 33 (5), 569–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2008.00995.x
  585. Hughes, R.C., Higginbotham, J.W. & Clary, J.W. (1942) The trematodes of reptiles, part I, systematic section. The American Midland Naturalist, 27 (1), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.2307/2421028
  586. Ineich, I., Wynn, A., Giraud, C. & Wallach, V. (2017) Indotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803): distribution and oldest record of collection dates in Oceania, with report of a newly established population in French Polynesia (Tahiti Island, Society Archipelago). Micronesica, 1, 1–13.
  587. Iesa, I. (2018) A white-spotted slug snake at Hillview Avenue. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 41.
  588. Iesa, I. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Banded file snakes mating off Pasir Ris. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021115), 1–2.
  589. Inger, R.F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology, 52, 1–402. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3147
  590. Inger, R.F. (1985) Asian Bufonidae. In: Frost, D.R. (Ed.), Amphibian Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographical Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 25–75.
  591. Inger, R.F. & Marx, H. (1965) The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana: Zoology, 49, 1–304.
  592. Inger, R.F. & Brown, W.C. (1980) Species of the scincid genus Dasia Gray. Fieldiana: Zoology, Neew Series, 3, 1–11.
  593. Inger, R.F., Stuebing, R.B., Grafe, T.U. & Dehling, J.M. (2017) A Field Guide to the Frogs of Borneo. 3rd Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, viii + 228 pp.
  594. Inger, R.F., Stuart, B.L. & Iskandar, D.T. (2009) Systematics of a widespread southeast Asian frog, Rana chalconota (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155 (1), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00440.x
  595. Ineich, I. (1988) Mise en évidence d’un complexe unisexué-bisexué chez le gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Sauria, Lacertilia) en Polynésie française. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, Série 3, 307, 271–277.
  596. Ishak, S. (2020) A wild 3-metre king cobra appears in HDB estate near Marsiling MRT station. Mothership, 4 May 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/05/king-cobra-marsiling-mrt/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  597. Ishak, S. (2021) Owner finds 3-metre python swallowing pet Pomeranian outside Holland Link condo. Mothership, 23 January 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/01/python-swallow-dog-holland-link/ (accessed 23 January 2021)
  598. Iskandar, D.T. (2000) Turtles and Crocodiles of Insular Southeast Asia and New Guinea. Department of Biology, Institute of Technology, Bandung, xix + 191 pp.
  599. Iskandar, D.T. & Colijn, E. (2000) Preliminary checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean herpetofauna. I. Amphibians. Treubia, 31 (3, Supplement), 1–133.
  600. Iskandar, D.T. & Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences—Japan International Cooperation Agency—The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp.
  601. Ismail, A.K., Weinstein, S.A., Auliya, M., Sabardin, D.M., Herbosa, T.J., Saiboon, I.M. & White, J. (2010) A bite by the twin-barred tree snake, Chrysopelea pelias (Linnaeus, 1758). Clinical Toxicology, 48 (3), 222–226. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650903550964
  602. IUCN (2023) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023–1. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org (accessed 14 January 2023)
  603. Iverson, J.B. (1992) A Revised Checklist with Distribution Maps of the Turtles of the World. Privately printed, Richmond, Indiana, 363 pp.
  604. Iverson, J.B. (2022) A review of Chelonian type specimens (order Testudines). Megataxa, 7 (1), 1–85. https://doi.org/10.11646/megataxa.7.1.1
  605. Jaafar, Z., Yeo, D.C.J., Tan, H.H. & O’Riordon, R.M. (2012) Status of estuarine and marine non-indigenous species in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 25, 79–92.
  606. Jablonski, D., Masroor, R. & Hofmann, S. (2022) On the edge of the Shivaliks: An insight into the origin and taxonomic position of Pakistani toads from the Duttaphrynus melanostictus complex (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution, 98 (2), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.79213
  607. Jan, G. (1857) Cenni sul Museo Civico di Milano ed indice sistematico dei rettili ed anfibi. Luigi di Giacomo Pirola, Milano, 64 pp.
  608. Jan, G. (1863) Elenco Sistematico Degli Ofidi Descritti e Disegnati per L’iconografia Generale. A. Lombardi, Milan, viii + 143 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.106683
  609. Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1866–1870) Iconographie générale des ophidiens. Tome second (livrais. 18 à 34), contenant cent deux planches. Georges Jan and Ferdinand Sordelli, Milan, 102 pls. [livrasons 18–19 (1866), 20–25 (1867), 26–30 (1868), 31–33 (1869), 34 (1870)].
  610. Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1870–1881) Iconographie générale des ophidiens. Tome troisième (livrais. 35 à 50), contenant quatre vingt seize planches. Georges Jan and Ferdinand Sordelli, Milan, 96 pls. [livraisons 35–37 (1870), 38 (1871), 39–42 (1872), 43–44 (1873), 45–46 (1874), 47 (1875), 48 (1876), 49 (1879), 50 (1881)].
  611. Janssen, J. & Sy, E. (2022) A Naturalist’s Guide to the Lizards of Southeast Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd, England, 176 pp.
  612. Jayasri, S.L. (2015) Long-tailed macaque juveniles following a painted bronzeback. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 139–140.
  613. Jayne, B.C., Voris, H.K. & Ng, P.K. (2002) Snake circumvents constraints on prey size. Nature, 418 (6894), 143–143. https://doi.org/10.1038/418143a
  614. Jensen, K.A. & Das, I. (2008) Dietary observations on the Asian softshell turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 7 (1), 136–141. https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-0659.1
  615. Jiang, D., Jiang, K., Ren, J., Wu, J. & Li, J. (2019) Resurrection of the genus Leptomantis, with description of a new genus to the family Rhacophoridae (Amphibia: Anura). Asian Herpetological Research, 10, 1–12.
  616. Jinghui, L. (2021) 2.5 metre python spotted near Geylang River, rescued in less than 5 minutes. Mothership, 28 January 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/01/python-rescue-5-minutes/ (accessed 28 January 2021)
  617. Johnson, C.B., Quah, E.S.H., Anuar, S., Muin, M.A., Wood Jr., P.L., Grismer, J.L., Greer, L.F., Chan, K.O., Norhayati, A., Bauer, A.M. & Grismer, L.L. (2012) Phylogeography, geographic variation, and taxonomy of the Bent-toed Gecko Cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus Taylor, 1962 from Peninsular Malaysia with the description of a new swamp dwelling species. Zootaxa, 3406 (1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3406.1.3
  618. Johnson, D.S. (1964) An Introduction to the Natural History of Singapore. Rayirath (Raybooks) Publications, Singapore, x + 106 pp.
  619. Johnson, D.S. (1973a) Freshwater life. In: Chuang, S.H. (Ed.), Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp. 103–127.
  620. Johnson, D.S. (1973b) Brackish waters. In: Chuang, S.H. (Ed.). Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp. 128–149.
  621. Johnson, D.S. (1992) Natural History of Singapore. Revised Edition. Tynron Press, Leicestershire, ix + 142 pp.
  622. Jones, M.D., Bokhari, S. & Dashevsky, D. (2020a) Mild Envenomation by Calliophis maculiceps in Northeast Thailand. Herpetological Review, 51 (3), 429–432.
  623. Jones, M.D., Crane, M.S., Silva, I.M., Artchawakom, T., Waengsothorn, S., Suwanwaree, P., Strine, C.T. & Goode, M. (2020b) Supposed snake specialist consumes monitor lizards: diet and trophic implications of king cobra feeding ecology. Ecology, 101 (10), e03085, 1–4 . https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3085
  624. Jusoh, W.F.A., Chua, M.A.H., Bakker, P.A.J., Kamminga, P., Weiler, D., Rookmaaker, K. & Low, M.E.Y. (2022) A historical specimen of the Fishing Cat, Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) (Carnivora, Felidae) from Singapore in the zoological collection of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 98 (1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76940
  625. Kaatz, A., Grismer, J.L. & Grismer, L.L. (2021) Convergent evolution of karst habitat preference and its ecomorphological correlation in three species of Bent-toed Geckos (Cyrtodactylus) from Peninsular Malaysia. Vertebrate Zoology, 71, 367–386. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66871
  626. Kampen, P.N. van (1923) The Amphibia of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. E. J. Brill, Leiden, x + 304 pp.
  627. Khan, M.S. (1998) Notes on Typhlops diardi Schlegel, 1839, with description of a new subspecies. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 30 (3), 213–221.
  628. Khan, M.S. (2003) Key and checklist to the snakes of Pakistan with special reference to the venomous snakes. Pakistan Journal of Zoology Supplement Series, 1, 1–53.
  629. Kaiser, H., Crother, B.I., Kelly, C.M., Luiselli, L., O’Shea, M., Ota, H., Passos, P., Schleip, W.D. & Wüster, W. (2013) Best practices: in the 21st century, taxonomic decisions in herpetology are acceptable only when supported by a body of evidence and published via peer review. Herpetological Review, 44 (1), 8–23.
  630. Kaiser, H., Lim, J. & Worth, H. (2016) Tangled skeins: a first report of non-captive mating behavior in the Southeast Asian Paradise Flying Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae: Chrysopelea paradisi). Journal of Threatened Taxa, 8 (2), 8488–8494. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2440.8.2.8488-8494
  631. Kalki, Y., Schramer, T.D. & Wylie, D. (2018) On the occurrence of Malayopython reticulatus (Schneider, 1801) (Squamata: Pythonidae) on mainland India. Herpetology Notes, 11, 703–708.
  632. Karns, D.R., Voris, H.K. & Goodwin, T.G. (2002) Ecology of Oriental-Australian rear-fanged water snakes (Colubridae: Homalopsinae) in the Pasir Ris Park mangrove forest, Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50 (2), 487–498.
  633. Karns, D.R., Murphy, J.C., Voris, H.K. & Suddeth, J.S. (2005) Comparison of semi-aquatic snake communities associated with the Khorat Basin, Thailand. Tropical Natural History, 5 (2), 73–90.
  634. Karunarathna, S., Surasinghe, T., Botejue, M. & Madawala, M. (2018) Gerarda prevostiana (Serpentes: Homalopsidae) in Sri Lanka: distribution and behaviour. Herpetological Bulletin, 145, 8–13.
  635. Keirans, J.E. & Brewster, B.E. (1981) The Nuttall and British Museum (Natural History) tick collections: lectotype designations for ticks (Acarina: Ixodoidea) described by Nuttall, Warburton, Cooper and Robinson. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology, 41 (4), 153–178.
  636. Keogh, J.S., Barker, D.G. & Shine, R. (2001) Heavily exploited but poorly known: systematics and biogeography of commercially harvested pythons (Python curtus group) in Southeast Asia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 73 (1), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01350.x
  637. Khan, M.M. & Ip, Y.K. (1986) Parasites of toads from Singapore, with a description of Balantidium singaporensis sp. n. (Ciliophora: Balantidiidae). Zoological Science, 3 (3), 543–546.
  638. Khew, Y.T.J. & Yokohari, M. (2017) Recommendations for urban biodiversity conservation in the context of landscape preference in Singapore. Cities and the Environment (CATE), 10 (1), 1–21.
  639. Khong, S. & Lim, K.K.P. (2014) Giant Asian pond terrapin at Springside estate. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 205.
  640. Khoo, M.D.Y. (2016) Green iguanas at Kranji Reservoir. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 185.
  641. Kieckbusch, M., Mecke, S., Hartmann, L., Ehrmantraut, L., O’Shea, M. & Kaiser, H. (2016) An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768). Zootaxa, 4093 (1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4093.1.1
  642. Kieckbusch, M., Mader, F., Kaiser, H. & Mecke, S. (2018) A new species of Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Boano Island, northern Maluku Province, Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4486 (3), 236–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.2
  643. Kiew, B.H. (1984) Rana malesiana, a new frog from the Sunda region. The Malayan Nature Journal, 37 (3), 153–161.
  644. Kim, N. (2020a) A reticulated python infested with the tick, Amblyomma helvolum. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 68.
  645. Kim, N. (2020b) Oriental whip snakes mating. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 149–150.
  646. Kim, N. (2020c) Predation of brown tree skink by an Oriental whip snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 151–152.
  647. King, F.W. & Burke, R.L. (1989) Crocodilian, Tuatara, and Turtle Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Association of Systematics Collections, Washington, D.C., 216 pp.
  648. Kloss, C.B. (1907) Notes on the capture of a rare leathery turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) in Johore waters. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 49, 63–65.
  649. Kloss, C.B. (1921) Some water snakes new to, or rare in the Malay Peninsula. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museum, 10, 201–202.
  650. Kmiotek, P. (2013) Illustrations. Biawak, 7 (1), 42–46.
  651. Knight, V. (1884) Annual reports on the Raffles Library and Museum. Straits Settlements: Annual Reports for the Year 1882. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 1–4.
  652. Knight, V. (1887) Annual reports on the Raffles Library and Museum. Straits Settlements: Annual Reports for the Year 1886. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 97–100.
  653. Knight, C. (1867) Natural History, Or Second Division of The English Encyclopedia. Vol. IV. Bradbury, Evans, and Company, London, 1291 pp.
  654. Knorr, G.W. (1766–1767) Deliciae naturae selectae; oder, auserlesenes Naturalien-Cabinet welches aus den drey Reichen der Natur zeiget, was von curiosen Liebhabern aufbehalten und gesammlet zu warden verdienet. [Heirs of G.W. Knorr], Nürnberg, 13 + viii + xx+144 pp., 91 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.149936
  655. Koay, A. (2021) Python in S’pore vomits intact rat while it's being rescued from drain. Mothership, 7 March 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/03/python-vomits-rat-drain/ (accessed 7 March 2021)
  656. Kobayashi, H. (1920) On some digenetic trematodes in Japan. Parasitology, 12 (4), 380–410. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000014372
  657. Koch, A., Auliya, M., Schmitz, A., Kuch, U. & Böhme, W. (2007) Morphological studies on the systematics of South East Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview. Mertensiella, 16 (109), e80.
  658. Koch, A., Gaulke, M. & Boehme, W. (2010) Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies. Zootaxa, 2446 (1), 1–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2446.1.1
  659. Koh, K.H. & Chanani-Parikh, I. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Predation of dog-faced water snake and shore pit-viper by king cobra. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021138), 1–3.
  660. Koh, J.J.-M., Webb, E.L. & Leung, L.K.-P. (2018) Using a spatial mark-resight model to estimate the parameters of a wild pig (Sus scrofa) population in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 66, 494–505.
  661. Koh, K.H. (2020) Blue Malayan coral snake preying on a pink-headed reed snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 220–222.
  662. Koh, K.H. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Third recent record of white-spotted cat snake in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022036.
  663. Koh, K.H. (2023) Biodiversity Record: Malayan water monitor preying on Gerard’s water snake. Nature in Singapore, 16, e2023006.
  664. Koh, N. (1986) Leaping lizards! Know your house guests. The cicak is really ‘a nice guy’. From gecko to commodore dragon. The Straits Times, 17 February 1986, Section 2, 1–2.
  665. Koul, S., Kour, P. & Sahi, D.N. (2020) Sighting of King cobra Ophiophagus hannah A deadliest snake from district Doda in J & K. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 6 (9), 91–94.
  666. Kow, Z.S. (2021a) Monitor lizard chomps down on pig-nosed turtle in front of black swan at S’pore Botanic Gardens. Mothership, 14 September 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/09/monitor-lizard-pig-nosed-turtle/ (accessed 14 September 2021)
  667. Kow, Z.S. (2021b) Monitor lizard & venomous snake at Pasir Ris Park use their tongues to check each other out. Mothership, 10 January 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/01/tongue-monitor-lizard-snake/ (accessed 10 January 2022)
  668. Kow, Z.S. (2022a) Monitor lizard in Sungei Buloh found with cable tie around its neck in 'crucial stage'. Mothership, 19 January 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/01/monitor-lizard-cable-tie/ (accessed 19 January 2022)
  669. Kow, Z.S. (2022b) Sick Green turtle with large growths on body rescued by yacht crew near Lazarus Island. Mothership, 8 August 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/08/yacht-rescue-turtle-growths/ (accessed 8 August 2022)
  670. Kraus, F. (2009) Alien Reptiles and Amphibians: A Scientific Compendium and Analysis. Springer Science, London, xii + 563 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8946-6
  671. Kroner, E. & Davis, C.S. (2015) A study of the adhesive foot of the gecko: translation of a publication by Franz Weitlaner. Journal of Adhesion, 91 (6), 481–487. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2014.922418
  672. Kuch, U., Gumprecht, A. & Melaun, C. (2007) A new species of Temple Pitviper (Tropidolaemus Wagler, 1830) from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Zootaxa, 1446 (1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1446.1.1
  673. Kumar, A.B. (2004) Records of Leith’s soft shell turtle, Aspideretes leithi (Gray, 1872) and Asian giant soft shell turtle Pelochelys cantorii (Gray, 1864) in Bharathapuzha River, Kerala. Zoos’ Print Journal, 19 (4), 1445. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.873.1445
  674. Kuraishi, N., Matsui, M., Hamidy, A., Belabut, D.M., Ahmad, N., Panha, S., Sudin, A., Yong, H.S., Jiang, J.-P., Ota, H., Thong, H.T. & Nishikawa, K. (2012) Phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships of the Polypedates leucomystax complex (Amphibia). Zoologica Scripta, 42 (1), 54–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00562.x
  675. Kurniati, H. & Laksono, W.T. (2021) Keragaman Jenis Kodok Pegunungan Mekongga, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia, dan Catatan Suara Sebagai Pembeda Jenis (Frogs Diversity of the Mekongga Mountains, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, and Notes on Vocally Distinct Species). Jurnal Biologi Indonesia, 17 (1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.47349/jbi/17012021/27
  676. Kurniawan, A., Lee, G., Nasruddin, T. & Low, M.-R. (2018) King cobra feeding on a monitor lizard at night. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 63.
  677. Kurniawan, N., Priambodo, B., Nugraha, F.A.D., Maulidi, A. & Kurnianto, A.S. (2017a) Microhabitat assessment of Mangrove Pit Viper Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus in restricted mangrove area, Dumai, Riau Province, Sumatera. Journal of Tropical Life Science, 7 (2), 91–94. https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.07.02.01
  678. Kurniawan, N., Roziah, N., Fauzi, M.A. & Kurnianto, A.S. (2017b) From little known area to the extinction race: a survey of herpetofauna in Prevab, Kutai National Park (KNP), Indonesia. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1908, 020002. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5012700
  679. Kurniawan, N., Septiadi, L., Fathoni, M., Kadafi, A.M. & Marhendra, A.P.W. (2022) A checklist of the herpetofauna of Nusa Kambangan Island, Central Java, Indonesia. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 33 (2), 91–131. https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2022.33.2.6
  680. Kwa, A. (2023) Python curls up into a ball, snoozing right outside NTU food court. Mothership, 13 February 2023. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2023/02/python-ntu-food-court/ (accessed 13 February 2023)
  681. Kwak, M.L. (2018a) First record of gastroliths in a green iguana from Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 92–93.
  682. Kwak, M.L. (2018b) Ticks in the Lion City: a preliminary review of the tick fauna of Singapore. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 76 (2), 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-018-0305-4
  683. Kwak, M.L., Foo, M., Pocklington, K., Hsu, C.-D., Cheong, W., How, C.B., Shunari, M. & Tahir, M.G. (2019a) Tick-crocodilian interactions: a review, with the first record of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), and a concise host-parasite index. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 78 (1), 127–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00378-0
  684. Kwak, M.L., Lee, L., Okumura, C. & Hsu, C.-D. (2019b) First report of co‑invasion by the reptile nematode Ozolaimus megatyphlon (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) with invasive Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) in the Asia-Pacific. Acta Parasitologica, 65 (1), 264–270. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00144-7
  685. Kwak, M.L., Kuo, C.C. & Chu, H.T. (2020) First record of the sea snake tick Amblyomma nitidum Hirst and Hirst, 1910 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Taiwan. Ticks and tick-borne diseases, 11 (3), 101383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101383
  686. Kwak, M.L., Chavatte, J.-M., Chew, K.L. & Lee, B.P.Y.-H. (2021) Emergence of the zoonotic tick Dermacentor (Indocentor) auraus Supino, 1897 (Acari: Ixodidae) in Singapore. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12, 101574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101574
  687. Kwak, M.L. & Ng, A. (2022) The detection of three new Haemaphysalis ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Singapore and their potential threat for public health, companion animals, and wildlife. Acarologia, 62 (4), 927–940. https://doi.org/10.24349/fz2l-kg9r
  688. Kwan, I.W.M. (2015) Skeletal remains of a pig-nosed turtle in Tampines Quarry. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 95–96.
  689. Kwan, I.W.M. & Pascoe, S.M. (2015) Rainbow mud snake at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 102–103.
  690. Kwan, I.W.M., Yap, X., Tan, N.Y.L. & Khairi, K. (2015) Carcass of snapping turtle at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 97–98.
  691. Kwik, J.T.B. & Lim, K.K.P. (2020) Scorpionfishes (Teleostei: Sorphaenoidei) of Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 13, 11–26.
  692. Kwok, P.K.P. (1986) A Guide to the Singapore Science Centre Ecogarden. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.
  693. Laidlaw, F.F. (1902) List of a collection of snakes, crocodiles, and chelonians from the Malay Peninsula, made by members of the ‘Skeat Expedition’, 1899–1900. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1901 (2), 575–583.
  694. Lajmi, A., Giri, V.B. & Karanth, K.P. (2016) Molecular data in conjunction with morphology help resolve the Hemidactylus brookii complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 16 (3), 659–677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-016-0271-9
  695. Lalhriatzuali, J. (2022) Study on the status of Ahaetulla prasina (Boie, 1827) population in Mizoram, India (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae). Master’s Thesis, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India, 33 pp.
  696. Lam, L. (2017) Crocodile spotted at East Coast, National Sailing Centre suspends all water activities. The Straits Times, 8 November 2017. Available from: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/crocodile-spotted-in-east-coast-waters-national-sailing-centre-suspends-all (accessed 14 January 2021)
  697. Lapwong, Y. & Juthong, W. (2018) New records of Lepidodactylus lugubris (Duméril and Bibron, 1836) (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Thailand and a brief revision of its clonal composition in southeast Asia. Current Herpetology, 37 (2), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.37.143
  698. Law, I.S. (2014a) Banded file snakes at Pasir Ris mangroves. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 211.
  699. Law, I.S. (2014b) A tick-infested reticulated python. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 253–254.
  700. Law, I.S. (2014c) Giant Asian pond terrapin at Venus Drive forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 255.
  701. Law, I.S. (2015) First record of East Asian ornate chorus frog on Singapore Island. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 30.
  702. Law, I.S. (2017) Singapore bent-toed gecko at Admiralty Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 77.
  703. Law, I.S. (2018) Malesian frog and Malayan giant frog at Bishan Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 100–101.
  704. Law, I.S. & Groenewoud, D. (2015a) Barred kukri snake at eastern MacRitchie. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 41.
  705. Law, I.S. & Groenewoud, D. (2015) Manthey’s chorus frog at Venus Loop. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 63.
  706. Law, I.S. & Serin, S. (2016) Wrestling behaviour of black-eyed litter frogs. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 194–197.
  707. Law, I.S. & Kanaike, A. (2018) Third record of the Gimlett’s reed snake in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 142–143.
  708. Law, I.S., Sankar, A. & Law, I.T. (2014) Malaysian giant terrapin at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 274.
  709. Law, I.S., Groenewoud, D. & Serin, S. (2016) Three records of king cobra in the Central Catchment Nature Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 22–23.
  710. Law, I.S., Lee, C. & Serin, S. (2016) Blue bronzeback at Venus Loop. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 132.
  711. Law, I.S., Law, I.T. & Groenewoud, D. (2016) Dead snakes and skink at Upper Peirce. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 145–146.
  712. Law, I.S., Law, I.T. & Serin, S. (2016) Marbled bent-toed gecko at Upper Seletar. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 117–118.
  713. Law, I.S., Thomas, N. & Law, I.T. (2019) Discovery of the inornate chorus frog, Micryletta inornata, in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 5.
  714. Law, I.S., Seah, R. & Wyhe, J. van (2019) Rediscovery of the lined blind snake in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 133–134.
  715. Law, I.S., Neo, X., Chan, D.N. & Shivaram, R. (2020) Rediscovery of the Selangor mud snake, Raclitia indica, in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 165–167.
  716. Law, I.S., Tan, R., Sim, R.S.I. & Toh, W.Y. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Jasper cat snake at Upper Seletar. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021066), 1–2.
  717. Law, I.T. (2020) Sighting of a blue forest lizard, Calotes mystaceus, in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 191.
  718. Law, I.T., Law, I.S., Seow G. & Pwee T. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Barred kukri snake in Bukit Batok Nature Park. Nature in Singapore, 15 (e2022010), 1–2.
  719. Lay, B. (2017a) Cobra tried to take a bite out of python in MacRitchie Reservoir. Mothership, 31 May 2017. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2017/05/cobra-tried-to-take-a-bite-out-of-python-in-macritchie-reservoir/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  720. Lay, B. (2017b) Around 100 hawksbill turtle eggs hatch at East Coast Park. Mothership, 13 November 2017. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2017/11/turtle-eggs-hatch-east-coast-park-2017/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  721. Lay, B. (2020) Python eating community cat in S’pore car park interrupted, drags carcass like horror movie scene. Mothership, 30 August 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/08/python-eating-cat-singapore/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  722. Lay, B. (2021a) Reticulated python curled up on pedestrian footpath along Mandai Road. Mothership, 5 February 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/02/python-mandai/ (accessed 5 February 2021)
  723. Lay, B. (2021b) Large gang of iguanas hang out in the sun at Warren Golf & Country Club in Choa Chu Kang. Mothership, 17 February 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/02/iguana-singapore-golf-course/ (accessed 17 February 2021)
  724. Lay, B. (2021c) Monitor lizard eats python in Ulu Pandan canal but throws it up wholesale & burps loudly Mothership, 27 February 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/02/monitor-lizard-eat-python-singapore/ (accessed 27 February 2021)
  725. Lay, B. (2021d) 5m python visits Kranji coffee shop toilet. Mothership, 17 May 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/05/5m-python-visits-kranji-coffee-shop-toilet/ (accessed 17 May 2021)
  726. Lay, B. (2021e) Python eats cat in Clementi. Mothership, 16 November 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/11/python-eat-cat-clementi/ (accessed 16 November 2021)
  727. Lay, B. (2022a) Women shout, throw sticks at python to stop it from eating duck at Bukit Timah forest. Mothership, 12 May 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/05/woman-shout-duck-python/ (accessed 12 May 2022)
  728. Lay, B. (2022b) Python in Boon Lay swallows cat halfway but gives up & leaves carcass on road. Mothership, 17 June 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/06/python-cat-boon-lay/ (accessed 17 June 2022)
  729. Lay, B. (2022c) Python constricts community cat to death in Jurong West but fails to consume meal. Mothership, 23 August 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/08/python-cat-jurong-west/ (accessed 23 August 2022)
  730. Lazell Jr., J.D. (1973) The lizard genus Iguana in the Lesser Antilles. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 145, 1–28.
  731. Le, D.T., Nguyen, L.P., Phan, C.T., Nguyen, T.Q., Phan, T.Q., Dang, P.H. & Ziegler, T. (2021) New records of frogs from Quang Nam Province, central Vietnam. Herpetology Notes, 14, 317–324.
  732. Lean, J. (2022a) Massive crocodile spotted in Lim Chu Kang waters between S’pore & M’sia. Mothership, 29 April 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/04/crocodile-lim-chu-kang-waters/ (accessed 29 April 2022)
  733. Lean, J. (2022b) King cobra at Bukit Timah devours monitor lizard whole over 2 hours. Mothership, 01 May 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/05/king-cobra-bukit-timah-monitor-lizard/ (accessed 01 May 2022)
  734. Lee, B. & Koh, P.K. (2005) Geographic distribution: Pareas margaritophorus. Herpetological Review, 36 (3), 340.
  735. Lee, H.L. (2015) Black-headed collared snake at Upper Peirce Reservoir Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 62.
  736. Lee, J. (2021) Large python spotted having a swim in Jurong West canal. Mothership, 23 April 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/04/large-python-spotted-having-a-swim-in-jurong-west-canal/ (accessed 23 April 2021)
  737. Lee, J.L., Miller, A.H., Connette, G.M., Oo, K.S., Zug, G.R. & Mulcahy, D.G. (2018) First record of the Malaysian Bridle Snake, Dryocalamus subannulatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854), in Myanmar (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae). Check List, 14, 341. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.2.341
  738. Lee, K. (2003) Singapore Waters: Unveiling our Seas. Marine Conservation Group, Nature Society, Singapore, 145 pp.
  739. Lee, S.H. & Chen, T.W. (1970) Artificial breeding and early development of the tadpoles of Rana limnocharis Boie. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 2 (2), 59–67.
  740. Lee, W.H., Lau, M.W.N., Lau, A., Rao, D.Q. & Sung, Y.H. (2016) Introduction of Eleutherodactylus planirostris (Amphibia, Anura, Eleutherodactylidae) to Hong Kong. Acta Herpetologica, 11 (1), 85–89.
  741. Leng, C.B. & Lim, K. (1988) The amphibious sea-snakes in Singapore. The Pangolin, 1 (1), 22–27.
  742. Leo, S., Suherman, M., Permatasari, A., Suganda, D. & Zulamri, W.N. (2020) Herpetofauna diversity in Zamrud National Park, Indonesia: baseline checklist for a Sumatra peat swamp forest ecosystem. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 14 (2), 250–263.
  743. Leong, A. (2018) Maid kills venomous cobra with broom handle. The Straits Times, 8 May 2018. Available from: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/maid-kills-venomous-cobra-with-broom-handle (accessed 14 January 2021)
  744. Leong, K.W.C. & Lim, K.K.P. (2014) Successful hatching of red-eared sliders in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 315–316.
  745. Leong, K.W.C. & Lim, K.K.P. (2015) Brown anoles mating at Marina Bay. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 123–124.
  746. Leong, T.M. (2000) Amphibian tales. Nature Watch, 8 (4), 2–8.
  747. Leong, T.M. (2001a) Limnonectes malesianus (Malesian frog). Ectoparasite. Herpetological Review, 32 (2), 103.
  748. Leong, T.M. (2001b) Geographic distribution: Rana glandulosa (Rough-sided Frog). Herpetological Review, 32 (2), 190.
  749. Leong, T.M. (2004) Calamaria lowi gimletti (Gimlett’s reed snake). Herpetological Review, 35 (3), 290.
  750. Leong, T.M. (2005a) Geographic distribution: Dendrelaphis cyanochloris. Herpetological Review, 36 (1), 81.
  751. Leong, T.M. (2005b) Tree Top Trail @ MacRitchie. National Parks Board, Singapore, 63 pp.
  752. Leong, T.M. (2011) Regional updates: Singapore. FrogLog, 99, 20–23.
  753. Leong, T.M. (2014) Copper-cheeked frog and four-lined tree frog in amplexus. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 8.
  754. Leong, T.M. & Chou, L.M. (1997) New record of the narrow-mouthed frog, Microhyla borneensis Parker (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from Singapore, with taxonomic notes and larval description. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 45 (1), 97–103.
  755. Leong, T.M. & Chou, L.M. (1999) Larval diversity and development in the Singapore Anura (Amphibia). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 47 (1), 81–137.
  756. Leong, T.M. & Grismer, L.L. (2004) A new species of kukri snake, Oligodon (Colubridae) from Pulau Tioman, West Malaysia. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 10, 12–16.
  757. Leong, T.M. & Foo, S.K. (2009) Attempted predation on a large gecko by a twin-barred tree snake, Chrysopelea pelias (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae). Nature in Singapore, 2, 311–316.
  758. Leong, T.M. & Teo, S.C. (2009) Endotrophic tadpoles of the Saint Andrew’s cross toadlet, Pelophryne signata (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 2, 21–25.
  759. Leong, T.M. & Mishak, S. (2010) Attempted predation on a dog-toothed cat snake, Boiga cynodon by a black spitting cobra, Naja sumatrana in Singapore (Reptilia: Squamata). Nature in Singapore, 3, 269–271.
  760. Leong, T.M. & Gan, J.W.M. (2011) Our Fragile Rainforest. National Parks Board, Singapore, 103 pp.
  761. Leong, T.M. & Lim, K.K.P. (2011) Occurrence of Günther’s Frog, Hylarana guentheri (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 4, 135–141.
  762. Leong, T.M. & Wai, C.K. (2011) Bats in Singapore—ecological roles and conservation needs. In: Proceedings of Nature Society, Singapore’s Conference on ‘Nature Conservation for a Sustainable Singapore’—16th October 2011. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 41–64.
  763. Leong, T.M., Lee, B.Y.H. & Chou, L.M. (1996) New record of the tree-frog, Theloderma horridum Boulenger (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44 (2), 475–477.
  764. Leong, T.M., Matsui, M., Yong, H.S. & Abdul Hamid, A. (2003) Revalidation of Rana laterimaculata Barbour et Noble, 1916 from the synonymy of Rana baramica Boettger, 1901. Current Herpetology, 22 (1), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.22.17
  765. Leong, T.M., Lim K.K.P. & Baker, N. (2009) Rediscovery of the white-spotted cat snake, Boiga drapiezii in Singapore (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae). Nature in Singapore, 2, 487–493.
  766. Leong, T.M., Yeong, C. & Subaraj, R. (2009) Attempted predation on a tadpole by a painted bronzeback, Dendrelaphis pictus (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae). Nature in Singapore, 2, 361–364.
  767. Lesson, R.P. (1831) s.n. In: Traité d’ornithologie ou Tableaux méthodiques des ordres, sous-ordres, familles, tribus, genres, sous-genres et races d’oiseaux. Vol. 1. Livre 8. Levrault, Paris, 561–659.
  768. Lever, C. (2003) Naturalized Reptiles and Amphibians of the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford, xx + 318 pp.
  769. Leviton, A.E. (1964) Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, III. The genera Maticora and Calliophis. Philippine Journal of Science, 92 (4), 523–550.
  770. Leviton, A.E. (1965) Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, VII. The snakes of the genera Naja and Ophiophagus. Philippine Journal of Science, 93 (4), 531–550.
  771. Leviton, A.E. (1968a) Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, X. The snakes of the genus Ahaetulla. Philippine Journal of Science, 96 (1), 73–90.
  772. Leviton, A.E. (1968b) Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, XII. The snakes of the genus Dendrelaphis (Serpentes: Colubridae). Philippine Journal of Science, 97 (4), 391–394.
  773. Leviton, A.E. (1983) Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, XIV. The snakes of the genera Xenopeltis, Zaocys, Psammodynastes and Myersophis. Philippine Journal of Science, 112 (3–4), 195–223.
  774. Leviton, A.E., Wogan, G., Koo, M., Zug, G.R., Lucas, R. & Vindum, J. (2003) The dangerously venomous snakes of Myanmar: illustrated checklist with keys. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 54 (24), 407–462.
  775. Leviton, A.E., Siler, C.D., Weinell, J.L. & Brown, R.M. (2018) Synopsis of the snakes of the Philippines. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 64 (14), 399–568.
  776. Levey, H.A. (1969) Toxicity of the venom of the sea-snake, I, with observations on a Malay ‘folk cure’. Toxicon, 6 (4), 269–276.
  777. Li, T.J., Loh, Y.X., Lim, W, Nyanasengeran, M., Low, B.W., Tan, H.H., Yeo, D.C.J. & Cai, Y. (2019) The fish fauna of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore, 71 (Supplement 1), 557–573.
  778. Lim, B.L. (1964) Comments on some rare snakes. Federation Museums Journal, 1964, 60–64. https://doi.org/10.3109/05678066409176327
  779. Lim, B.L. Ratnam, L. & Hussein, N.A. (1995) Snakes examined from the Sungai Singgor area of Temengor, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal, 48 (3–4), 357–364.
  780. Lim B.L. & Das, I. (1999) Turtles of Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 151 pp.
  781. Lim, B.L. & Kamarudin, M.S.B. (1975) Notes on new locality records of some rare snakes in Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal, 29 (1), 23–27.
  782. Lim, F. (1988) Reptiles (Snakes). The Pangolin, 1 (1), 4
  783. Lim, F.L.K. (1984) Reptile and amphibian encounters. In: Wee, Y.-C. (Ed.), Nature in an Urban Singapore. Proceedings of the Seminar on Nature in an Urban Singapore. Singapore Branch of the Malayan Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 17–19.
  784. Lim, F.L.K. (1991) Tales and Scales. Graham Brash Pte Ltd., Singapore, xii + 94 pp.
  785. Lim, F.L.K. (2009) Asthenodipsas laevis (Reptilia: Squamata: Pareatidae), a snake record for Singapore that was almost forgotten. Nature in Singapore, 2, 463–465.
  786. Lim, F.L.K. & Lee, M.T.-M. (1989) Fascinating Snakes of Southeast Asia—An Introduction. Tropical Press Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, xvii + 124 pp.
  787. Lim, F.L.K. & Lim, K.K.P. (1988) A possible addition to the checklist of Singapore snakes: The Striped Keelback (Xenochrophis vittatus). The Pangolin, 1 (4), 85.
  788. Lim H.Y. (2019) Banded krait entering mud lobster mound at Chek Jawa. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 128–129.
  789. Lim, K. (1988a) Other reptiles. The Pangolin, 1 (1), 5.
  790. Lim, K. (1988b) Amphibians. The Pangolin, 1 (1), 6.
  791. Lim, K. (1988c) Amphibians. The Pangolin, 1 (2), 28.
  792. Lim, K. (1988d) Amphibians. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 51.
  793. Lim, K. (1988e) The rediscovery of the banded wolf-snake in Singapore. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 63–64.
  794. Lim, K. (1988f) Amphibians. The Pangolin, 1 (4), 77–78.
  795. Lim, K. (1989a) Amphibians. The Pangolin, 2 (1), 4–5.
  796. Lim, K. (1989b) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 2 (2), 19–21.
  797. Lim, K. (1989c) The day a turtle left eggs at East Coast (The Straits Times article). The Pangolin, 2 (2), 20.
  798. Lim, K. (1989d) Amphibians. The Pangolin, 2 (2), 21.
  799. Lim, K. (1989e) Reptiles—Snakes & Lizards. The Pangolin, 2 (3), 38–39.
  800. Lim, K. (1989f) Crocs found in Seletar Reservoir (The Straits Times article). The Pangolin, 2 (3), 40.
  801. Lim, K. (1989g) Amphibians. The Pangolin, 2 (3), 41.
  802. Lim, K. (1989h) Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. The Pangolin, 2 (4), 63–66.
  803. Lim, K. (1990a) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 3 (1–4), 6–12.
  804. Lim, K. (1990b) Amphibians. The Pangolin, 3 (1–4), 12–13.
  805. Lim, K. (1994) The python and the civet. The Pangolin, 7 (1–4), 42–45.
  806. Lim, K.P. (1995) Recent records for 1995. The Pangolin, 8 (1–4), 14–20.
  807. Lim, K. & Lim, F. (1988a) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 1 (2), 27–28.
  808. Lim, K. & Lim, F. (1988b) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 49–51.
  809. Lim, K. & Lim, F. (1988c) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 1 (4), 74–77.
  810. Lim, K. & Lim, F. (1989) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 2 (1), 2–4.
  811. Lim, K., Subaraj, R. & Teo, R. (1995) Records of snakes contributed by Rae Hiscock. The Pangolin, 8 (1–4), 13–14.
  812. Lim, K.K.P. (1989a) First record of the swamp-forest frog Rana paramacrodon paramacrodon Inger, 1966 (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) from Singapore, with notes on its taxonomy, ecology and biology. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 37 (1–2), 51–57.
  813. Lim, K.K.P. (1989b) Bufo quadriporcatus Boulenger, 1887, a toad new to Singapore Island (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 37 (1–2), 170–171.
  814. Lim, K.K.P. (1990) Two recent records of the toad, Pelophryne brevipes (Peters, 1867) (Anura: Bufonidae) from Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 38 (1), 25–26.
  815. Lim, K.K.P. (1991a) Reptiles & Amphibians. The Pangolin, 4 (1), 3–4.
  816. Lim, K.K.P. (1991b) A note on the Painted Mock Viper, Psammodynastes pictus (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) in Singapore. The Pangolin, 4 (2), 11–12.
  817. Lim, K.K.P. (1991c) First record of Cosymbotes craspedotus (Mocquard) (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Singapore Island. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 39 (2), 307–308.
  818. Lim, K.K.P. (1993a) Amphibians & Reptiles. The Pangolin, 6 (1–2), 2–4.
  819. Lim, K.K.P. (1993b) Reptiles & Amphibians. The Pangolin, 6 (3–4), 1–4.
  820. Lim, K.K.P. (1994a) Amphibians. In: Ng, P.K.L. & Wee, Y.C. (Eds.), The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened Plants and Animals of Singapore. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 208‒211.
  821. Lim, K.K.P. (1994b) Reptiles. In: Ng, P.K.L. & Wee, Y.C. (Eds.), The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened Plants and Animals of Singapore. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 213‒227.
  822. Lim, K.K.P. (1996) Hop, slither and glide. In: Lum, S. & Sharp, I. (Eds.), A View from the Summit: The Story of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Nanyang Technological University, National University of Singapore and National Parks Board, Singapore, pp. 50–51.
  823. Lim, K.K.P. (2013a) Clouded monitor lizard eating garden supple skink. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 42.
  824. Lim, K.K.P. (2013b) Call of the masked swamp frog. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 81.
  825. Lim, K.K.P. (2013c) Malayan giant frog at Bukit Gombak. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 112.
  826. Lim, K.K.P. (2013d) Cuban sliders at Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 119.
  827. Lim, K.K.P. (2014a) Dead juvenile spiny terrapin at Sime forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 73.
  828. Lim, K.K.P. (2014b) Banded Malaysian coral snake at Kent Ridge. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 97.
  829. Lim, K.K.P. (2014c) Tokay at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 224.
  830. Lim, K.K.P. (2014d) Malayan water monitor lizards at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 225–226.
  831. Lim, K.K.P. (2014e) Chinese softshell turtle at Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 264.
  832. Lim, K.K.P. (2017) Blue-necked keelback at Upper Seletar. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 53.
  833. Lim K.K.P. (2020) Snakes and lizards recorded by Alexander Cross in Singapore from 1942 to 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No.), 1–6.
  834. Lim, K.K.P. & Chou, L.M. (1990) The herpetofauna of Singapore. In: Chou, L.M. & Ng, P.K.L. (Eds.), Essays in Zoology: Papers commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore. National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 49–59.
  835. Lim, K.K.P. & Subharaj, R. (1991) Reptiles & Amphibians. The Pangolin, 4 (2), 4–5.
  836. Lim, K.K.P. & Subharaj, R. (1992) Reptiles & Amphibians. The Pangolin, 5 (1–4), 5–9.
  837. Lim, K.K.P. & Subaraj, R. (1994) Recent records (1994)—herptiles. The Pangolin, 7 (1–4), 5.
  838. Lim, K.K.P. & Yang, C.M. (1991) An annotated checklist of the amphibians of Singapore, with emphasis on material in the Zoological Reference Collection. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 39 (1), 215‒233.
  839. Lim, K.K.P. & Lim, F.L.K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.
  840. Lim, K.K.P. & Lim, N.T.-L. (2006) Geographic distribution: Luperosaurus browni. Herpetological Review, 37 (1), 107.
  841. Lim K.K.P. & Leong T.M. (2008) Amphibians. In: Davison, G.W.H., Ng, P.K.L. & Ho, H.C. (Eds.), The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened Plants and Animals of Singapore. 2nd Edition. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 155–159.
  842. Lim, K.K.P. & D’Rozario, V. (2009) The rainbow mud snake, Enhydris enhydris (Schneider) [Reptilia: Squamata: Homalopsidae] in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 2, 9–12.
  843. Lim, K.K.P. & Cheong, L.F. (2011) Dendrelaphis haasi (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae), a new snake record for Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 4, 9–12.
  844. Lim, K.K.P. & Chua, M.A.H. (2014) Malayan giant frog at the Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 27.
  845. Lim, K.K.P. & Ng, B.C. (2015) Günther’s frog at Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 26.
  846. Lim, K.K.P., Baker, N., Teo, R. & Leong, T.M. (2008) Reptiles. In: Davison, Davison, G.W.H., Ng, P.K.L. & Ho, H.C. (Eds.), The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened Plants and Animals of Singapore. 2nd Edition. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 160‒176.
  847. Lim, K.K.P., Leong, T.M. & Lim, F.L.K. (2011) The king cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor) in Singapore (Reptilia: Squamata: Elapidae). Nature in Singapore, 4, 143–156.
  848. Lim, K.K.P., Leong, T.M. & Ng, B.C. (2013) Malayan bridle snakes at Central Nature Reserves. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 122–123.
  849. Lim, K.K.P., Chua, M.A.H. & Lim, N.T.-L. (2016) Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165–198.
  850. Lim, K.K.P., Pierre-Huyet, L. & Low, M.E.Y. (2019) Amphibia and Reptilia: snakes, two toads and a very lost lizard. In: Low, M.E.Y., Pocklington, K. & Jusoh, W.F.A. (Eds.), Voyageurs, Explorateurs et Scientifiques: The French and Natural History in Singapore. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, pp. 278–295.
  851. Lim, K.P. & Lim, F.L.K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.
  852. Lim L.J. (2016) Short-limbed supple skink at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 68.
  853. Lim N. (2006) Pulau Tekong’s spiny surprise. Nature Watch, 14 (2), 2–7.
  854. Lim, N.T.-L. (2022) Biodiversity Record: A brown anole at Choa Chu Kang. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022047.
  855. Lim, N.T-L., Yeo, A.W.M. & Chan, K.-W. (2006) Geographic distribution: Microhyla fissipes. Herpetological Review, 37 (1), 101.
  856. Lim, T. (2015) Estuarine crocodile scavenging on carcass of domestic cat. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 36.
  857. Lim, T., Seah, W.W. & Ng, D.J.J. (2014) Indian star tortoise at Bukit Batok Nature Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 62.
  858. Lim, W.H., Li, T.J. & Cai, Y. (2015) A new locality in Singapore for the caecilian, Ichthyophis paucisulcus. Nature in Singapore, 8, 73–75.
  859. Little, R. (1848) An essay on coral reefs as the cause of Blákán Mátí fever and of the fevers in various parts of the East. Journal of the Indian Archipelago and East Asia, 2 (8), 449–494.
  860. Loh, C. (2017) Dog-toothed cat snake at Pasir Ris. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 130.
  861. Lok, A.F. (2006) Kent Ridge Park: wildlife treasure trove in the south. Nature Watch, 14 (2), 18–24.
  862. Loveridge, A. (1947) Revision of the African lizards of the family Gekkondiae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 98, 1–469.
  863. Low, B.W. & Ngiam, R.W.J. (2014) Dwarf reed snake at MacRitchie forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 77.
  864. Low, J.K.Y., Arshad, A. & Lim, K.H. (1994) Mangroves as a habitat for endangered species and biodiversity conservation. In: Wilkinson, C., Sudara, S. & Ming, C.L. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third ASEAN-Australia Symposium on Living Coastal Resources: Status Reviews. Vol. 1. Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 16–20 May 1994. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, pp. 157–169.
  865. Low, M.-R. & Mejia, M. (2014) White’s tree frogs at Lim Chu Kang. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 169–170.
  866. Low, M.-R. & Wei, J. (2014) Banded wolf snake at Chestnut forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 192.
  867. Low, M.-R., Bickford, D.P., Tan, M. & Neves, L.C. (2016) Malayopython reticulatus. Diet. Herpetological Review, 17 (1), 148.
  868. Low, M.E.Y. (2019) ‘Indiana’ to ‘Nirvana’: the first century of French contributions to natural history in Singapore. In: Low, M.E.Y., Pocklington, K. & Jusoh, W.F.A. (Eds.), Voyageurs, Explorateurs et Scientifiques: The French and Natural History in Singapore. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, pp. 48–165.
  869. Low, M.E.Y. (2021) Raffles and his naturalist friends: social networks of early natural history collecting and studies in Singapore. In: Murphy, S.A. (Ed.), Raffles Revisited: Essays on Collecting and Colonialism in Java, Singapore and Sumatra. Asian Civilisations Museum, Singapore, pp. 233–269.
  870. Low, M.E.Y. & Pocklington, K. (2019) 200: Points in Singapore’s Natural History. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, xiii + 607 pp.
  871. Low, M.E.Y., Pocklington, K. & Jusoh, W.F.A. (Eds.) (2019) Voyageurs, Explorateurs et Scientifiques: The French and Natural History in Singapore. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore, xiv + 398 pp.
  872. Low, M.E.Y., Lim, K.K.P. & Ng, P.K.L. (2021) The first Singapore Biodiversity Expedition: the legacy of Pierre-Médard Diard and Alfred Duvaucel. In: Dorai, F. & Low, M.E.Y. (Eds.), Diard and Duvaucel: French Natural History Drawings of Singapore and Southeast Asia. Embassy of France in Singapore and National Library Board, Singapore, pp. 36–51.
  873. Lowe, S., Browne, M., Boudjelas, S. & Poorter, M. de (2004) 100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species. The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, 12 pp.
  874. Lui, E.Y.L. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Unusual behaviour of a Dumeril’s monitor at Upper Seletar. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022151.
  875. Lui, K. (2021) Big python hitchhikes on top of S’pore car, draws curious onlookers. Mothership, 26 August 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/08/snake-on-a-car/ (accessed 26 August 2021)
  876. Lumsden, N.G., Fry, B.G., Kini, R.M. & Hodgson, W.C. (2004) In vitro neuromuscular activity of ‘colubrid’venoms: clinical and evolutionary implications. Toxicon, 43 (7), 819–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.03.012
  877. Luong, A.M., Nguyen, H.Q., Le, D., Nguyen, S.H.L. & Nguyen, T.Q. (2019) New records of amphibians (Anura: Megophryidae, Ranidae) from Dien Bien Province, Vietnam. Herpetology Notes, 12, 375–387.
  878. Luong, A.M., Do, Q.H., Hoang, C.V., Phan, T.Q., Nguyen, T.Q. & Pham, C.T. (2022) New records of amphibians from Bac Kan Province, Vietnam. Biodiversity Data Journal, 10, e75595. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e75595
  879. Luther, D.A. & Greenberg, R. (2009) Mangroves: a global perspective on the evolution and conservation of their terrestrial vertebrates. Bioscience, 59 (7), 602–612. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.7.11
  880. Lv, X.H., Zhao, S.Z., Zheng, X.X. & Lin, L.H. (2015) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the dog-faced water snake Cerberus rynchops (Colubridae). Conservation Genetics Resources, 7 (1), 233–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-014-0345-y
  881. MacGregor, A. (2019) Company Curiosities: Nature, Culture and the East India Company, 1600–1874. Reaktion Books Ltd, London, 397 pp.
  882. Mader, F. & Mecke, S. (2018) First record of a melanistic specimen of Cylindrophis ruffus (Laurenti, 1768) sensu lato (Serpentes: Cylindrophiidae). Herpetology Notes, 11, 417–420.
  883. Maduwage, K., Silva, A., Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyagoda, R. (2009) A taxonomic revision of the South Asian hump-nosed pit vipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Hypnale). Zootaxa, 2232 (1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2232.1.1
  884. Mahendra, B.C. (1936) On two collections of the ophidian genus, Cylindrophis Wagler. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 4 (3), 230–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03050129
  885. Mahony, S. (2011) Taxonomic revision of Hemidactylus brookii Gray: a re-examination of the type series and some Asian synonyms, and a discussion of the obscure species Hemidactylus subtriedrus Jerdon (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Zootaxa, 3042 (1), 37–67. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3042.1.4
  886. Maity, P., Rizvi, A.N. & Bursey, C.R. (2022) Morphological and molecular description of a new species Haematoloechus dehradunensis sp. nov. (Plagiorchiidae: Haematoloechinae) from the lungs of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from Dehradun, along with a note on H. singaporensis Yuen, 1962, a new record to India. Acta Parasitologica, 67 (1), 418–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00469-2
  887. Malkmus, R., Manthey, U., Vogel, G., Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J. (2002) Amphibians and Reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggell, Liechtenstein, 424 pp.
  888. Manthey, U. (2008) TERRALOG. Vol. 7a. Agamid Lizards of Southern Asia—Draconinae 1. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 160 pp.
  889. Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Südostasien. Natur und Tier, Münster, 512 pp.
  890. Manthey, U. & Steiof, C. (1998) Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus sp. n. (Anura: Rhacophoridae), ein neuer flugfrosch von der Malaiischen Halbinsel, Sumatra und Borneo. Sauria, 20 (3), 37–42.
  891. Manthey, U. & Denzer, W. (2014) Südostasiatische anuren im fokus: spezies der gattung Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Microhylidae: Microhylinae). Sauria, 36 (3), 3–21.
  892. Mao, J.J., Norval, G., Robbins, R.G. & Te Wong, S. (2019) An instance of Boiga dendrophila dendrophila (Boie 1827) (Reptilia: Colubridae) being parasitized by Amblyomma helvolum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae), with comments about the attachment sites of this tick species. Acarologia, 59 (1), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20194316
  893. Marx, H. & Inger, R.F. (1955) Notes on snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana: Zoology, 37, 167–209.
  894. Maslehuddin, A.M. & Verma, S. (2020) First record of the Copper-headed Trinket Snake, Coelognathus radiatus (Boie 1827) (Reptilia: Colubridae), from Bihar, India. Reptiles & Amphibians, 27 (3), 413–414. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v27i3.14856
  895. Mathew, A., Low, M.-R. & Luz, S. (2015) Ultrasonography as a confirmatory sexing method in reticulated pythons (Malayopython reticulatus). In: Szentiks, C.A. & Schumann, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Diseases of Zoo and Wild Animals, 13–16 May 2015, Barcelona, Spain. Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, pp. 172–175.
  896. Matsui, M. (2006) Anuran inventory in Sabah—past and future. Current Herpetology, 25 (1), 1–14.
  897. Matsui, M. (2009) A new species of Kalophrynus with a unique male humeral spine from Peninsular Malaysia (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Zoological Science, 26 (8), 579–585. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.26.579
  898. Matsui, M. (2019) A new species of Pelophryne from Malay Peninsula (Anura, Bufonidae). Current Herpetology, 38 (2), 128–139. https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.38.128
  899. Matsui, M., Nabhitabhata, J. & Panha, S. (1999) On Leptobrachium from Thailand with a description of a new species (Anura: Pelobatidae). Japanese Journal of Herpetology, 18 (1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj1972.18.1_19
  900. Matsui, M., Mumpuni & Hamidy, A. (2012) Description of a new species of Hylarana from Sumatra (Amphibia, Anura). Current Herpetology, 31 (1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.31.38
  901. Matsui, M., Ito, H., Shimada, T., Ota, H., Saidapur, S.K., Khonsue, W., Tanaka-Ueno, T. & Wu, G.F. (2005) Taxonomic relationships within the Pan-Oriental narrow-mouth toad Microhyla ornata as revealed by mtDNA analysis (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Zoological Science, 22 (4), 489–496. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.22.489
  902. Matsui, M., Hamidy, A., Daicus, M.B., Norhayati, A., Panha, S., Sudin, A., Khonsue, W., Oh, H.-S., Yong, H.-S., Jiang, J.-P. & Nishikawa, K. (2011) Systematic relationships of Oriental tiny frogs of the family Microhylidae (Amphibia, Anura) as revealed by mtDNA genealogy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61 (1), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.05.015
  903. Matsui, M., Nishikawa, K., Belabut, D.M., Norhayati, A. & Yong, H.S. (2012) A new species of Kalophrynus (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from Southern Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 3155 (1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3155.1.4
  904. Maury, N. & Low, M.-R. (2015) Golden gliding snake at Lim Chu Kang. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 76.
  905. Maury, N. & Low, M.-R. (2017) Wagler’s pit viper at Lim Chu Kang. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 13.
  906. McCleary, R.J.R. & Ichtiarani, R. (2015) Predation of a non-native changeable lizard (Calotes versicolor) by the native Kopstein’s bronzeback snake (Dendrelaphis kopsteini) in Singapore. Herpetology Notes, 8, 303–304.
  907. McCleary, R.J.R., Low, M.-R. & Bickford, D.P. (2015) Intraclutch characteristics of the Wagler’s viper, Tropidolaemus wagleri (Serpentes: Viperidae), in Singapore. Herpetology Notes, 8, 629–631.
  908. McCranie, J.R. & Köhler, G. (2015) The anoles of Honduras. Systematics, distribution, and conservation. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, SPS, 1–292. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.155024
  909. McDowell Jr., S.B. (1979) A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part III. Boinae and Acrochordoidea (Reptilia, Serpentes). Journal of Herpetology, 13 (1), 1–92. https://doi.org/10.2307/1563761
  910. McGuire, J.A. & Kiew, B.H. (2001) Phylogenetic systematics of Southeast Asian flying lizards (Iguania: Agamidae: Draco) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 72 (2), 203–229. https://doi.org/10.1006/bijl.2000.0487
  911. McGuire, J.A., Cotoras, D.D., O’Connell, B.O., Lawalata, S.Z.S., Wang-Claypool, C.Y., Stubbs, A., Huanh, X., Wogan, G.O.U., Hykin, S.M., Reilly, S.B., Bi, K., Riyanto, A., Arida, E., Smith, L.L., Milne, H., Streicher, J.W. & Iskandar, D. (2018) Squeezing water from a stone: high-throughput sequencing from a 145-year old holotype resolves (barely) a cryptic species problem in flying lizards. PeerJ, 6, e4470. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4470
  912. McLeod, D.S. (2010) Of least concern? Systematics of a cryptic species complex: Limnonectes kuhlii (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56 (3), 991–1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.004
  913. McMahan, C.D. & Zug, G.R. (2007) Burmese Hemidactylus (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae): geographic variation in the morphology of Hemidactylus bowringii in Myanmar and Yunnan. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 58 (24), 485–509.
  914. Meers, P.D. (1968) Snake bite by the Malayan Coral Snake Maticora intestinalis. Journal of the Royal Medical Corps, 114 (3), 152–153. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-114-03-10
  915. Mehta, D. & Lim, K.K.P. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Repeat sightings of a giant Asian pond terrapin over a decade. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021081), 1–2.
  916. Meise, W. & Hennig, W. (1932) Die Schlangengattung Dendrophis. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 99 (11/12), 273–297.
  917. Mejia, M. (2014) Blue Malayan coral snake biting orange-bellied ringneck. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 110.
  918. Mertens, R. (1930) Die Amphibien und Reptilien der Inseln Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa und Flores. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 42, 117–344.
  919. Mertens, R. (1934) Die Schlangengattung Dendrelaphis Boulenger in systematischer und zoogeographischer Beziehung. I. Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin, Neue folge, 3 (2), 187–204.
  920. Mertens, R. (1955) Über eine eigenartige Rasse des Tokehs (Gekko gecko) aus Ost-Pakistan. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 36, 21–24.
  921. Mertens, R. (1959) Liste der Warane Asiens und der Indoaustralischen Inselwelt, mit systematischen Bemerkungen. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 40 (5/6), 221–240.
  922. Mertens, R. (1960) Zur Systematik und Nomenklatur der Ceylon-Krokodile. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 41, 267–272.
  923. Mertens, R. (1967) Die herpetologische Sektion des Natur-Museums und Forschungs-Institutes Senckenberg in Frankfurt a. M. nebst einem Verseichnis ihrer Typen. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 48 (A), 1–106.
  924. Mertens, R. (1968) Die Arten und Unterarten der Schmuckbaumschlangen (Chrysopelea). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 49 (3–4), 191–217.
  925. Mertens, R. (1969) Über die Variabilität der Achtstreifennatter, Oligodon octolineatus, Senckenbergiana Biology, 50 (5/6), 339–345.
  926. Mertens, R. & Müller, L. (1928) Liste der amphibien und reptilian Europas. Abhandlungen Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, 41, 1–62.
  927. Meshaka, Jr., W.E. (2011) A runaway train in the making: The exotic amphibians, reptiles, turtles, and crocodilians of Florida. Herpetological Conservation & Biology, 6, 1–101.
  928. Messenger, K.R. (2021) The Asian Ratsnakes and Kin of Greater China. Nanjing Forestry University & KDP Publishing, 174 pp.
  929. Metcalfe, D. (1996) A researcher’s forest idyll. In: Lum, S. & Sharp, I. (Eds.), A View from the Summit: The Story of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Nanyang Technological University, National University of Singapore and National Parks Board, Singapore, pp. 106–107.
  930. Meyer, A.B. (1887) Verzeichniss der von mir in den Jahren 1870–1873 im ostindischen Archipel gesammelten Reptilien und Batracher. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königl. zoologischen und anthropologisch-etnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 1886–1887 (2), 1–16.
  931. Mihalca, A.D., Jirků, M., Malonza, P.K. & Modrý, D. (2009) A new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in Ruppell’s agama Agama rueppelli (Vaillant) (Sauria: Agamidae) from East Africa, with a review of this genus in agamid lizards. Systematic Parasitology, 74 (3), 219–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-9209-3
  932. Miller, A.H., Zug, G.R., Wogan, G.O., Lee, J.L. & Mulcahy, D.G. (2021) Phylogeny, diversity, and distribution of Micryletta (Anura: Microhylidae) in Myanmar. Ichthyology & Herpetology, 109 (1), 245–257. https://doi.org/10.1643/h2020100
  933. Miralles, A. & David, P. (2010) First record of Ahaetulla mycterizans (Linnaeus, 1758) (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae) from Sumatra, Indonesia, with an expanded definition. Zoosystema, 32 (3), 449–456. https://doi.org/10.5252/z2010n3a6
  934. Mohamad Azlin, S. (2020) Mourning gecko licking flower buds of Leea indica. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 7.
  935. Mohammadi, S., Kluever, B.M., Tamashiro, T., Amano, Y. & Hill III, J.G. (2014) Short note spatial and Thermal observations of a Malayan Krait (Bungarus candidus) From Thailand. Tropical Natural History, 14 (1), 21–26.
  936. Mohanty, N.P., Isaac, S. & Anujan, K. (2022) Diet of the brackish frog Fejervarya moodiei (Anura: Dicroglossidae) on the Andaman Islands, India. Herpetology Notes, 15, 105–109.
  937. Mong, R. & Tan, H.H. (2016) Snakebite by the shore pit viper (Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus) treated with polyvalent antivenom. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 27 (2), 266–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2016.01.001
  938. Morgan, E.C. (1973) Snakes of the subfamily Sibynophiinae. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, 259 pp.
  939. Morgany T. (2018a) White-throated kingfisher holding a striped keelback. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 119.
  940. Morgany T. (2018b) Paradise gliding snake eating house gecko. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 136–137.
  941. Moulton, J.C. (1921) Annual report on the Raffles Museum and Library, for the year 1919. Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1919. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 1–5.
  942. Moulton, J.C. (1922) Raffles Museum and Library, for the year 1920. Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1921. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 557–577.
  943. Muhammad, A.B.O. (2015) A Fly River turtle at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 162.
  944. Müller, F. (1878) Katalog der im Museum und Universitätskabinet zu Basel aufgestellten Amphibien und Reptilien nebst Anmerkungen. Verhandlungen der Naturforschungen Gesellschaft Basel, 6, 561–709.
  945. Müller, F. (1882) Erster Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 7 (1), 120–165, 1 pl.
  946. Müller, F. (1887) Fünfter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 8 (2), 249–296, 3 pls.
  947. Müller, F. (1892) Siebenter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. In: Der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft an ihrer 75ten Versammlung vom 5–7. September 1892 zu Basel gewidmet von der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 10 (1), pp. 195–215, pls. 3–4.
  948. Müller, F. (1895) Siebenter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 10, 195–215.
  949. Mumpuni, Mulyadi, Trilaksono, W. & Kurniawan, A.J. (2019) Kepadatan populasi buaya muara Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801 di Delta Mahakam, Kalimantan Timur. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Konservasi dan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan dan Satwa Liar (‘Riset Sebagai Fondasi Konservasi dan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan dan Satwa Liar’), Bogor, 27 November (2018). Pusat Penelitian Biologi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, s.n., pp. 84–92.
  950. Murray-Dickson, G., Ghazali, M., Ogden, R., Brown, R. & Auliya, M. (2017) Phylogeography of the reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus ssp.): Conservation implications for the worlds’ most traded snake species. PloS One, 12 (8), e0182049, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182049
  951. Murphy, D.H. (1973) Animals in the forest ecosystem. In: Chuang, S.H. (Ed.), Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp 53–73.
  952. Murphy, J.C. (2007) Homalopsid Snakes: Evolution in the Mud. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, viii + 249 pp.
  953. Murphy, J.C. (2011) The nomenclature and systematics of some Australasian homalopsid snakes (Squamata: Serpentes: Homalopsidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 59 (2), 229–236.
  954. Murphy, J.C. & Voris, H.K. (2002) Aquatic snakes with crustacean-eating habits elude herpetologists for two centuries. Litteratura Serpentium, 22, 107–114.
  955. Murphy, J.C., Voris, H.K. Murthy, B.H.C.K., Traub, J. & Cumberbatch, C. (2012) The masked water snakes of the genus Homalopsis Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822 (Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3208 (1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3208.1.1
  956. Murphy, J.C. & Voris, H.K. (2014) A checklist and key to the homalopsid snakes (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes), with the description of new genera. Fieldiana: Life and Earth Sciences, 8, i–iv + 1–43. https://doi.org/10.3158/2158-5520-14.8.1
  957. Musters, C.J.M. (1983) Taxonomy of the genus Draco L. (Agamidae, Lacertilia, Reptilia). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 199, 1–120.
  958. Nadchatram, M. (2006) A review of endoparasitic acarines of Malaysia with special reference to novel endoparasitism of mites in amphibious sea snakes and supplementary notes on ecology of chiggers. Tropical Biomedecine, 23, 1–22.
  959. Nang, P.S.L. (2021) What snake is this?? @ Sembawang park connector. Facebook, 30 October 2021. Available from: https://www.facebook.com/groups/naturesocietysingapore/permalink/10159336360348213/ (accessed 30 October 2021)
  960. Nandia, N. & Nugraha, F.A.D. (2022) Hylarana erythraea voice call character (Schlegel, 1837) in Campus Area Universitas Negeri Padang. Jurnal Serambi Biologi, 7 (1), 24–27.
  961. Narins, P.M., Feng, A.S., Yong, H.S. & Christensen-Dalsgard, J. (1998) Morphological, behavioural and genetic divergence of sympatric morphotypes of Polypedates leucomystax in Peninsular Malaysia. Herpetologica, 54 (2), 129–142.
  962. Natusch, D.J., Lyons, J.A., Riyanto, A. & Shine, R. (2016) Jungle giants: assessing sustainable harvesting in a difficult-to-survey species (Python reticulatus). PLoS One, 11 (7), e0158397. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158397
  963. Neo, I. & W.K. Ting (2022) Biodiversity Record: Encounter between twin-barred gliding snake and Wagler’s pit-viper. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022076.
  964. Neo, L. & Yee, A.T.K. (2014) Elegant bronzeback at MacRitchie forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 59.
  965. Ng, B.C. (2021) Other vertebrates. In: Guttensohn, T.T. & Leong, K.P. (Eds.), Pang Sua Woodland: Sanctuary Unveiled Along the Rail Corridor. Nature Society and Cicada Tree Eco-place, Singapore, pp. 128–139.
  966. Ng, B.C. & Lim, K.K.P. (2015) Green iguana at Sungei Tengah. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 51.
  967. Ng, D. & Taha, N.I.B. (2021) Successful translocation of the cinnamon bush frog into the Rain Forest. Gardenwise, 56, 15–17.
  968. Ng, D.J.J., Liu, S.S., Heng, K.K.H. & Prarthini, M.S. (2013) Banded wolf snake at Nee Soon swamp-forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 88.
  969. Ng, E. (1979) Nantah harks to the call of rare specimens. Raffles’ legacy is shifting into new home. The Straits Times, 16 August 1979, 7.
  970. Ng, J.Y., Tong, C.H.Y. & Koh, K.S. (2019) A carcass of an olive ridley turtle at East Coast beach. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 65–66.
  971. Ng, L. (2015) Kopstein’s bronzeback eating painted bronzeback. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 23.
  972. Ng, M. & Mendyk, R.W. (2012) Predation of an adult Malaysian water monitor Varanus salvator macromaculatus by an Estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus. Biawak, 6 (1), 34–38.
  973. Ng, M.F.C. (2009) Habitats in Harmony: The Story of Semakau Landfill. National Environment Agency, Singapore, 118 pp.
  974. Ng, M.F.C. (2012) Habitats in Harmony: The Story of Semakau Landfill. 2nd Edition. National Environment Agency, Singapore, 157 pp.
  975. Ng, M.F.C. (2014a) Spotted keelback at Venus Drive. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 20.
  976. Ng, M.F.C. (2014b) Big-eye green whip snake at Venus Drive. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 21.
  977. Ng, M.F.C. (2014c) Peninsular rock gecko at Venus Drive. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 293.
  978. Ng, M.F.C. (2017a) Lowland dwarf gecko at the Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 135.
  979. Ng, M.F.C. (2017b) Brown tree skink at Windsor Nature Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 162.
  980. Ng, M.F.C. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Predation of an ovipositing dragonfly by an American bullfrog. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021064), 1.
  981. Ng, M.F.C., Sankar, A. & Law, I.S. (2016) Mobbing of red-tailed racer by squirrels and macaques. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 42–45.
  982. Ng, P.K.A. (2009) The Ecology of the Non-native Red-eared Sliders and Their Potential Impacts on the Native Fauna of Singapore. Unpublished PhD dissertation, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 257 pp.
  983. Ng, P.K.L. (1989) A third record of the Caecilian Ichthyophis paucisulcus from Singapore. The Pangolin, 2 (1), 13‒14.
  984. Ng, P.K.L. (Ed.) (1992a) A Guide to Freshwater Life in Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 158 pp.
  985. Ng, P.K.L. (Ed.) (1992b) A Guide to Freshwater Life in Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 162 pp.
  986. Ng, P.K. & Lim, K.K. (1992) The conservation status of the Nee Soon freshwater swamp forest of Singapore. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2 (3), 255–266. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3270020305
  987. Ng, P.K.L. & Sivasothi, N. (1999) A Guide to the Mangroves of Singapore II (Animal Diversity). Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 168 pp.
  988. Ng, P.K.L., Chou, L.M. & Yang, C.M. (1988) Caecilians in Singapore! The Pangolin, 1, 36‒37.
  989. Ng, P.K.L., Chou, L.M. & Lam, T.J. (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64 (1), 19–24.
  990. Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.) (2011) Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, 552 pp.
  991. Ng, P.K.L., Murphy, D.H., Lim, K.K.P., Chou, L.M. & Lane, D.J.W. (1995) A Guide to the Threatened Animals of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.
  992. Ng, P.K.L., Lim, S.S.L., Wang, L.K. & Tan, L.W.H. (2007) Private Lives—an Exposé of Singapore’s Shores. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, 212 pp.
  993. Ng, P.K.L., Wang, L.K. & Lim, K.K.P. (2008) Private Lives—an Exposé of Singapore’s Mangroves. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, 249 pp.
  994. Ng, S. (2019) Red-tailed racer at Thomson Nature Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 153.
  995. Ng, T. (2017) Golden gliding snake at Marina South. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 14.
  996. Ng, T.H. (2011) A record of the banded file snake, Acrochordus granulatus (Reptilia: Squamata: Acrochordidae) in a freshwater habitat in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 4, 91–93.
  997. Ng, T.H. & Lim, K.K.P. (2010) Introduced aquatic herpetofauna of Singapore’s reservoirs. COSMOS, 6, 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607710000516
  998. Ng, T.H. & Yeo, D.C.J. (2012) Non-indigenous frogs in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 5, 95–102.
  999. Ngim, R. (1988) Cobras alive in Alexandra Park. The Pangolin, 1 (2), 40–43.
  1000. Ngim, R., Loh, L. & Loh, J. (1988) Snakes in Alexandra Park. The Pangolin, 1 (4), 91–93.
  1001. Ngo, K.M., Hosaka, T. & Numata, S. (2022) Attitudes and preferences of wildlife and their relationship with childhood nature experience amongst residents in a tropical urban city. Urban Ecosystems, 1–10.
  1002. Nguyen, T.L., Poyarkov, N.A., Nguyen, T.T., Nguyen, T.A., Tran, V.H., Gorin, V.A., Murphy, R.W. & Nguyen, S.N. (2019) A new species of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from Tay Nguyen Plateau, Central Vietnam. Zootaxa, 4543 (4), 549–580. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.4
  1003. Nicholson, K.E., Crother, B.I., Guyer, C. & Savage, J.M. (2012) It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa, 3477 (1), 1–108. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3477.1.1
  1004. Norval, G., Goldberg, S.R. & Mao, J.J. (2012) The reproductive cycle of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei), an introduced lizard species in Taiwan. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 19 (1), 75–81.
  1005. Nowak-Kemp, M. & Fritz, U. (2010) Chelonian type specimens at the Oxford University Museum. Zootaxa, 2604 (1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2604.1.1
  1006. NParks (National Parks Board) (2016a) Media Release: NParks further identifies 46 threatened native plants and animals for species recovery programmes Available from: https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/20160903001/1%20Media%20release%20for%20FOB%20(2016)pdf (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1007. NParks (National Parks Board) (2016b) Media Factsheet A: Factsheet on species recovery efforts. Available from: https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/20160903001/2%20Factsheet%20A_Species%20Recovery%20Efforts.pdf (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1008. NParks (National Parks Board) (2017) Media Factsheet B: Factsheet on species recovery programme. Available from: https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/20170527001/3%20Factsheet%20B%20-%20Species%20recovery%20programme.pdf (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1009. NParks (National Parks Board) (2018) NParks launches Singapore’s first turtle hatchery at Sisters’ Islands Marine Park. Available from: https://www.nparks.gov.sg/news/2018/9/nparks-launches-singapore%E2%80%99s-first-turtle-hatchery-at-sisters%E2%80%99-islands-marine-park (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1010. NParks (National Parks Board) (2019) Conserving our biodiversity: Singapore’s national biodiversity strategy and action plan. Available from: https://www.nparks.gov.sg/-/media/nparks-real-content/biodiversity/national-plan/singapore_2009-nbsap_updated-may-2019_national-targets.pdf (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1011. NParks (National Parks Board) (2023) Species List (Red Data Book List). Available from: https://www.nparks.gov.sg/biodiversity/wildlife-in-singapore/species-list (accessed 14 January 2023)
  1012. O’Dempsey, T. (2011) Reptile eats reptile. Nature Watch, 19 (2), 22–23.
  1013. O’Dempsey, T. (2014) Singapore’s changing landscape since c. 1800. In: Barnard, T.P. (Ed.), Nature Contained: Environmental histories of Singapore. NUS Press, Singapore, pp. 17–48. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1nth2d.7
  1014. O’Shea, M. (2018) The Book of Snakes: A Life-size Guide to Six Hundred Species from Around the World. Ivy Press, London, 656 pp. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226459424.001.0001
  1015. Oliver, L.A., Prendini, E., Kraus, F. & Raxworthy, C.J. (2015) Systematics and biogeography of the Hylarana frog (Anura: Ranidae) radiation across tropical Australasia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 90, 176–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.001
  1016. Ong, C.C. & Yeong, C. (2020) Keeled rat snake preying on striped kukri snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 145–146.
  1017. Ong, L. (2022) Biodiversity Record: A greenhouse frog at Fort Canning. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022050.
  1018. Ong, T. (2020) Cyclist encounters python in the middle of road at Changi, saves it from becoming roadkill. Mothership, 15 November 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/11/cyclist-python-changi-road/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1019. Ooi, G.L., Tan, B.C., Wee, Y.C. & Karim, N.A. (2011) Culture and tradition. In: Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, pp. 162–171.
  1020. Orlov, N.L., Murphy, R.W. & Papenfuss, T.J. (2000) List of snakes of Tam-Dao mountain ridge (Tonkin, Vietnam). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 7 (1), 69–80.
  1021. Orlov, N., Ananjeva, N. & Khalikov, R. (2002a) Natural history of pitvipers in Eastern and Southeastern Asia. In: Schuett, G.W., Hoggren, M., Douglas, M.E. & Greene, H.W. (Eds.), Biology of the Vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain, pp. 345–361.
  1022. Orlov, N.L., Murphy, R.W., Ananjeva, N.B., Ryabov, S.A. & Ho, C.T. (2002b) Herpetofauna of Vietnam, a checklist. Part 1. Amphibia. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 9 (2), 81–104.
  1023. Orlov, N.L., Snetkov, P.B., Ermakov, O.A., Nguyen, T.T. & Ananjeva, N.B. (2022) Integrative taxonomy reveals a new cryptic species of Xenopeltis Gray, 1831 (Ophidia: Macrostomata: Pythonoidea: Xenopeltidae) from central highlands, Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 29 (4), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-237-249
  1024. O’Shea, M., Kusuma, K.I. & Kaiser, H. (2018) First record of the Island Wolfsnake, Lycodon capucinus, from New Guinea, with comments on its widespread distribution and confused taxonomy, and a new record for the Common Sun Skink, Eutropis multifasciata. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians, 25, 70–84.
  1025. Oxley, T. (1849) The zoology of Singapore. Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, 3, 594–597.
  1026. Pagden, H.T. (1970) Blind snake—Typhlops porrectus. Malayan Nature Journal, 23 (2–3), 126–127.
  1027. Pai, K. & Tan, H.T.W. (2014) Asian brown tortoise in Nee Soon swamp-forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 188.
  1028. Palacký, J. (1899) Die Verbreitung der Eidechsen. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abtheilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 12 (3), 247–285.
  1029. Paperna, I. (2002) Ultrastructural study of the development of Sarcocystis singaporensis sarcocysts in the muscles of its rat host. Parasite, 9 (2), 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2002092161
  1030. Paperna, I. & Martelli, P. (2000) Fine structure of the development of Sarcocystis singaporensis in Python reticulatus from macrogamont to sporulated oocyst stage. Parasite, 7 (3), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2000073193
  1031. Paperna, I., Peh, K.S.-H., Martelli, P., Koh, L.P. & Sodhi, N.S. (2004) Factors affecting Sarcocystis infection of rats on small tropical islands. Ecological Research, 19 (5), 475–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1703.2004.00661.x
  1032. Parker, H.W. (1934) A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 208 pp.
  1033. Pek, G. (2022) Hawksbill turtle makes surprise visit at Sentosa Cove’s ‘coral garden’. Mothership, 12 July 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/07/hawksbill-turtle-one15-marina/ (accessed 12 July 2022)
  1034. Peters, G. (1971) Die intragenerischen gruppen und die phylogenese der schmetterlingsagamen (Agamidae: Leiolepis). Zoologische Jahrbucher (Systematik), 98 (1), 11–130.
  1035. Peters, J.A. (1960a) The snakes of Ecuador; check list and key. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 122, 489–541.
  1036. Peters, J.A. (1960b) The snakes of the subfamily Dipsadinae. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 114,1–224, pls. 1–8.
  1037. Peters, W.C.H. (1859) Nachrichten von Fedor Jagor, der auf eigne Kosten nach Ostindien und den Philippinen gereist ist und von der Akademie mit Instructionen für das Sammeln naturwissenschaftlicher Gegenstände versehen wurde. Monatsberichte der königlich Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1859, 269–271, 1 pl.
  1038. Peters, W.C.H. (1871) Über neue Eidechsen (Egernia krefftii, Euprepes (Riopa) punctatolineatus). Monatsberichte der königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1871, pp. [30]–[32].
  1039. Pettit, L., Somaweera, R., Kaiser, S., Ward-Fear, G. & Shine, R. (2021) The impact of invasive toads (Bufonidae) on monitor lizards (Varanidae): an overview and prospectus. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 96 (2), 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1086/714483
  1040. Pham, C.T., An, H.T., Herbst, S., Bonkowski, M., Ziegler, T. & Nguyen, T.Q. (2017) First report on the amphibian fauna of Ha Lang karst forest, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam. Bonn Zoological Bulletin, 66 (1), 37–53.
  1041. Phang, W.H., Chong, I. Tan, P.C., Liew, F.T., Lim, S.H. & Teo, N.C. (1983) A Guide to the Botanic Gardens Jungle. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 154 pp.
  1042. Pianka, E.R. & King, D.R. (Eds.) (2004) Varanoid Lizards of the World. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 599 pp. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt2005wjp
  1043. Platt, K., Platt, S.G. & Rainwater, T.R. (2014) First record of the spiny turtle (Heosemys spinosa) in Myanmar. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 13 (2), 257–260. https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1082.1
  1044. Platt, S.G., McCaskill, L., Rainwater, T.R., Temsiripong, Y., As-singkily, M., Simpson, B.K. & Bezuijen, M.R. (2018) Siamese Crocodile Crocodylus siamensis. In: Manolis, S.C. & Stevenson, C. (Eds.), Crocodiles: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. 4th Edition. Crocodile Specialist Group, Darwin, pp. 120–126.
  1045. Pocklington, K. (2019) Buayapura. Ethos Books, Singapore, 26 pp.
  1046. Pocklington, K. (2021) Beast, Guardian, Island: The Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801) in Singapore, 1819–2017. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 79 pp.
  1047. Pocklington, K. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Successful reproduction of captive red-eared sliders in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022066.
  1048. Pope, C.H. (1935) The reptiles of China: turtles, crocodilians, snakes, lizards. Vol. 10. In: Reed, C.A. (Ed.), Natural History of Central Asia. American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, pp. i–lii + 1–542, 27 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12104
  1049. Pope, C.H. & Pope, S.H. (1933) A study of the green pit-vipers of southeastern Asia and Malaysia, commonly identified as Trimeresurus gramineus (Shaw), with description of a new species from Peninsular India. American Museum Novitates, 620, 1–12.
  1050. Poyarkov Jr., N.A., Nguyen, T.V., Duong, T.V., Gorin, V.A. & Yang, J.-H. (2018) A new limestone-dwelling species of Micryletta (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Vietnam. PeerJ, 6, e5771. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5771
  1051. Poyarkov Jr., N.A., Geissler, P., Gorin, V.A., Dunayev, E.A., Hartmann, T. & Suwannapoom, C. (2019a) Counting stripes: revision of the Lipinia vittigera complex (Reptilia, Squamata, Scincidae) with description of two new species from Indochina. Zoological Research, 40 (5), 358–393. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.052
  1052. Poyarkov Jr., N.A., Nguyen, T.V. & Vogel, G. (2019b) A new species of the genus Liopeltis Fitzinger, 1843 from Vietnam (Squamata: Colubridae). Journal of Natural History, 53 (27–28), 1647–1672. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1656784
  1053. Pradana, T.G., Hamidy, A., Farajallah, A. & Smith, E.N. (2019) Identifikasi molekuler Microhyla, Tschudi 1839 dari Sumatera derdasarkan gen 16S rRNA. Zoo Indonesia, 26 (2), 70–90.
  1054. Praschag, P., Sommer, R.S., McCarthy, C., Gemel, R. & Fritz, U. (2008) Naming one of the world’s rarest chelonians, the southern Batagur. Zootaxa, 1758 (1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1758.1.4
  1055. Puniamoorthy, J., Sani, M.A.B., Pohl, S., Ang, Y & Tan, E.J. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Greenhouse frog, Eleutherodactylus planirostris, on Sentosa Island. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022145.
  1056. Purkayastha, J., Kalita, J., Brahma, R. K., Doley, R. & Das, M. (2018) A review of the relationships of Xenochrophis cerasogaster Cantor, 1839 (Serpentes: Colubridae) to its congeners. Zootaxa, 4514 (1), 126–136. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4514.1.10
  1057. Purkayastha, J., Das, M., Mondal, K., Mitra, S., Chaudhuri, A.-B. & Das, I. (2019) A new species of Polypedates Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from West Bengal State, Eastern India. Zootaxa, 4691 (5), 525–540. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4691.5.6
  1058. QGIS Development Team. (2020) QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: http://qgis.osgeo.org (accessed 17 March 2023)
  1059. Qing, A. (2021) 1.53m crocodile at East Coast Park caught and relocated by authorities. The Straits Times, 5 October 2021. Available from: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/crocodile-spotted-at-east-coast-park-caught-and-relocated-by-authorities/ (accessed 5 October 2021)
  1060. Qing, A. (2022) Nesting turtles sighted at Changi Bay reclamation site. The New Paper, 23 July 2022. Available from: https://tnp.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/nesting-turtles-sighted-changi-bay-reclamation-site (accessed 23 July 2022)
  1061. Quah, E.S.H. & Shahrul Anuar, M.S. (2018) Herpetofauna of the northern corridor: a review of recent Herpetological discoveries around the Malaysian-Thai border regions. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 33, 15–29.
  1062. Quah, E.S.H., Lim, K.K.P., Leong, E.H.H. & Shahrul, A.M.S. (2018a) Identification and a new record from Penang Island of the rare red-bellied reed snake (Calamaria albiventer) (Gray, 1835) (Serpentes: Calamariinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 66, 486–493.
  1063. Quah, E.S.H., Wood Jr., P.L., Grismer, L.L. & Shahrul, A.M.S. (2018b) On the taxonomy and phylogeny of the rare Selangor Mud Snake (Raclitia indica) Gray (Serpentes, Homalopsidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 4514 (1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4514.1.4
  1064. Radtkey, R.R., Donnellan, S.C., Fisher, R.N., Moritz, C., Hanley, K.A. & Case, T.J. (1995) When species collide: The origin and spread of an asexual species of gecko. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B (Biological Sciences), 259 (1355), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1995.0022
  1065. Raffles, T.S. (1822) Second part of the descriptive catalogue of a zoological collection made in the island of Sumatra and its vicinity. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 13 (2), 277–340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1821.tb00065.x
  1066. Rajeshkumar, S., Raghunathan, C. & Chandra, K. (2015) Reticulated python Malayopython reticulatus (Schneider, 1801): rescue, recovery and recent sightings from Great Nicobar Island-a conservation approach. Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology, 22, 50–55. https://doi.org/10.3126/eco.v22i0.15470
  1067. Rakhmanaliev, E. & Ivanova, T. (2016) King cobra at Sungei Buloh. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 33–34.
  1068. Ramsay, N.F., Ng, P.K.A., O’Riordan, R.M. & Chou, L.M. (2007) The red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) in Asia: a review. Biological Invaders in Inland Waters: Profiles, Distribution and Threats. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6029-8_8
  1069. Rasmussen, A.R. (1987) Persian Gulf Sea Snake Hydrophis lapemoides (Gray): New records from Phuket Island, Andaman Sea, and the southern part of the Straits of Malacca. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 35, 57–58.
  1070. Rasmussen, A.R. (1989) An analysis of Hydrophis ornatus (Gray), H. lamberti Smith, and H. inornatus (Gray) (Hydrophiidae, Serpentes) based on samples from various localities, with remarks on feeding and breeding biology of H. ornatus. Amphibia-Reptilia, 10 (4), 397–417. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853889X00043
  1071. Rasmussen, A.R. (1993) The status of the Persian Gulf sea snake Hydrophis lapemoides (Gray, 1849) (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London, Zoology, 59 (2), 97–105.
  1072. Rasmussen, A.R., Elmberg, A., Gravlund, J. & Ineich, I. (2011) Sea snakes (Serpentes subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) in Vietnam: a comprehensive checklist and an updated identification key. Zootaxa, 2894 (1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2894.1.1
  1073. Ratcliff, J. (2016) The East India Company, the company’s museum, and the political economy of natural history in the early nineteenth century. Isis, 107 (3), 495–517.
  1074. Regenass, U. & Kramer, E. (1981) Zur Systematik der grunen Grubenottern der Gattung Trimeresurus Serpentes, Crotalidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 88 (1), 163–205. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.82363
  1075. Reynolds, R.G., Niemiller, M.L. & Revell, L.J. (2014) Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 71, 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011
  1076. Ridley, H.N. (1899) The habits of Malay reptiles. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 32, 185–210.
  1077. Ridley, H.N. (1903) The black cobra. Agricultural Bulletin of the Straits and Federated Malay States, 2 (1), 225–226.
  1078. Ridley, H.N. (1906) Curious nesting place of Simotes octolineatus. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 46, 263.
  1079. Ridley, H.N. (1933) The tree-viper-like larva of the Oriental Hawkmoth, Theretra s. silhetensis, Walker. Proceedings of the Entomological Society, Series A (General Entomology), 7 (3), 105–106, pl. 1.
  1080. Ridley, H.N. (1934) Further observations made in Singapore, upon geckos and distasteful moths and upon a luminous coleopterous, probably Rhagophthalmid, larva. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series C (Journal of Meetings), 9 (2), 58–60.
  1081. Riyanto, A., Grismer, L.L. & Wood Jr., P.L. (2015) Cyrtodactylus rosichonariefi sp. Nov. (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new swamp-dwelling bent-toed gecko from Bunguran Island (Great Natuna), Indonesia. Zootaxa, 3964 (1), 114–124. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3964.1.8
  1082. Riyanto, A. & Mumpuni. (2019) Populasi dan karakteristik kura-kura (Cuora amboinensis dan Siebenrockiella crassicollis) yang dipanen di Jambi dan Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Konservasi dan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan dan Satwa Liar (‘Riset Sebagai Fondasi Konservasi dan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan dan Satwa Liar’), Bogor, 27 November (2018). Pusat Penelitian Biologi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, s.n., pp. 17–25.
  1083. Riyanto, A. & Rahmadi, C. (2021) Amphibian and reptile diversity of Peleng Island, Banggai Kepulauan, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22 (5), 2930–2939. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220558
  1084. Rhodin, A.G.J. & Carr, J.L. (2009) A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta). Zootaxa, 2226 (1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2226.1.1
  1085. Robinson, H.C. (1905) List of a small collection of mammals, birds and batrachians from Gunong Angsi, Negri Sembilan. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 1, 25–30.
  1086. Rognes, K. (2015) Revision of the frog fly genus Caiusa Surcouf, 1920 (Diptera, Calliphoridae), with a note on the identity of Plinthomyia emimelania Rondani, 1875. Zootaxa, 3952 (1), 1–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3952.1.1
  1087. Rooijen, J. van (2008) Contributions to a review of the Dendrelaphis pictus complex (Serpentes: Colubridae)—1. Description of a sympatric species. Amphibia-Reptilia, 29 (1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853808783431514
  1088. Rooijen, J., van & Vogel, G. (2008) A new species of Dendrelaphis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Java, Indonesia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 56 (1), 189–197.
  1089. Rooijen, J. van, Wood Jr., P.L., Grismer, J.L., Grismer, L.L. & Grossmann, W. (2011) Color pattern dimorphism in the colubrid snake Oligodon purpurascens (Schlegel, 1837) (Reptilia: Squamata). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 18 (3), 215–220.
  1090. Rookmaaker, K. (2021) The Diard and Duvaucel Collection of Drawings. In: Dorai, F. & Low, M.E.Y. (Eds.), Diard and Duvaucel: French Natural History Drawings of Singapore and Southeast Asia. Embassy of France in Singapore and National Library Board, Singapore, pp. 53–179.
  1091. Romer, J.D. (1949) Unusual colouration of Rana Limnocharis (Boie) Wiegm. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 19, 45–46.
  1092. Roux, J. (1906) Synopsis of the toads of the genus Nectophryne B. and P., with special remarks on some known species and description of a new species from German East Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 76 (1–2), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1906.tb08414.x
  1093. Ruibal, R. (1964) An annotated checklist and key to the anoline lizards of Cuba. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 130, 473–520.
  1094. Rujirawan, A., Stuart, B.L. & Aowphol, A. (2013) A new tree frog in the genus Polypedates (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3702 (6), 545–565. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3702.6.3
  1095. Rummler, H.-J. & Fritz, U. (1991) Geographische variabilität der Amboina-scharnierschildkröte Cuora amboinensis (Daudin, 1802), mit beschreibung einer neuen unterart, C. a. kamaroma subsp. nov. Salamandra, 27 (1),17–45.
  1096. Russell, P. (1801) A continuation of an account of Indian serpents; containing descriptions and figures, from specimens and drawings, transmitted from various parts of India, to the Hon. the Court of Directors of the East India Company. W. Bulmer and Co. Shakespeare Press, London, 84 pp.
  1097. Sabaj, M.H. (2022) Codes for natural history collections in ichthyology and herpetology (online supplement). Version 9.0 (14 February 2022). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Washington, D.C. Electronically accessible. Available from: https://asih.org (accessed 17 March 2023)
  1098. Salleh, M.H.M. & Esa, Y. (2022) Microsatellite loci reveal heterozygosis and population structure in the critically endangered southern river terrapin (Batagur affinis ssp.) of Peninsular Malaysia. Chemistry Proceedings, 10 (11) 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2022-12230
  1099. Sanders, K.L., Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R.S. (2002) A contribution to the systematics of two commonly confused pitvipers from the Sunda Region: Trimeresurus hageni and T. sumatranus. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum: Zoology, 68 (2), 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0968047002000122
  1100. Sanders, K.L., Rasmussen, A.R., Elmberg, J., Mumpuni, S., Guinea, M., Blias, P., Lee, M.S.Y. & Fry, B.G. (2012) Aipysurus mosaicus, a new species of egg-eating sea snake (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with a redescription of Aipysurus eydouxii (Gray, 1849). Zootaxa, 3431 (1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3431.1.1
  1101. Sanders, K.L., Lee, M.S., Bertozzi, T. & Rasmussen, A.R. (2013) Multilocus phylogeny and recent rapid radiation of the viviparous sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66 (3), 575–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.021
  1102. Sankar, A. & Law, I.S. (2014) Malayan water monitor lizards wrestling at Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 291–292.
  1103. Sankar, A. & Ng, M.F.C. (2016a) Five-banded flying dragon at Venus Loop. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 71.
  1104. Sankar, A. & Ng, M.F.C. (2016b) Haas’s bronzeback at Venus Loop. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 104.
  1105. Sankar, A. & Harrick, P. (2019) Observation of a king cobra attacking a smaller conspecific. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 48–49.
  1106. Sankar, A., Chakraborty, D., Law, I.T., Yap, S. & Tan, J. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Predation of reticulated python by king cobra at Sungei Buloh. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021085), 1–3.
  1107. Sankar, A., Law, I.T., Law, I.S., Shivaram, R., Abraham, R.K., Chan, K.O. (2022) Morphology, phylogeny, and species delimitation of Micryletta (Anura: Microhylidae) reveals a new species from Singapore. Vertebrate Zoology, 72, 457–467. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e85020
  1108. Saum, L.P., Diong, C.H. & Mcquistion, T.E. (1997) Isospora lacertae: A new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the oriental garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Squamata: Agamidae) from Singapore. Acta Protozoologica, 36, 143–145.
  1109. Savage, J.M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 954 pp.
  1110. Saville-Kent, W. (1897) The Naturalist in Australia. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London, xvii + [i] + 387 pp., 64 pls., frontispiece. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.18339
  1111. Schlegel, H. (1837–1844) Abbildungen neuer oder unvollständig bekannter Amphibien, nach der Natur oder dem Leben entworfen. Arnz & Co., Düsseldorf, xiv + 141 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.95393
  1112. Schmidt, K.P. (1953) A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles. 6th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, viii + 280 pp.
  1113. Schoepff, J.D. (1792–1801) Naturgeschichte der Schildkröten, mit Abbildungen erläutert. Johann Jacob Palm, Erlangen, xxxi + 160 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46829
  1114. Schoepff, J.D. (1793) s.n. In: Historia Testudinum Iconibus Illustrata. Fasciculus III et IV. Joannis Jacobi Palm, Erlangae, pp. 33–80 pp., pls. XI–XVI + XVIIB–XX.
  1115. Schulz, K.-D. (2013) An annotated and illustrated checklist of Old World ratsnakes. In: Schulz, K.-D. (Ed.), Old World Ratsnakes: A Collection of Papers. Bushmaster Publications, Berg, pp. 17–268.
  1116. Schulz, K.-D. & Gumprecht, A. (2013) Undercover in the forest canopy: the rainbow tree snake Gonyophis margaritatus. In: Schulz, K.-D. (Ed.), Old World Ratsnakes: A Collection of Papers. Bushmaster Publications, Berg, pp. 395–402.
  1117. Schulz, K.-D., Helfenberger, N. & Chettri, B. (2010) Psammophis nigrofasciatus Cantor, 1839, ein juniorsynonym von Oreocryptophis porphyraceus porphyraceus (Cantor, 1839). Sauria, 32 (3), 31–38.
  1118. Schwartz, A. & Thomas, R. (1975) A check-list of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. Special Publication. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 1, 1–216. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.123681
  1119. Sclater, W.L. (1891a) List of snakes in the Indian Museum. Indian Museum, Calcutta, x + 79 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8746
  1120. Sclater, W.L. (1891b) Notes on the collection of snakes in the Indian Museum with descriptions of several new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 60 (2), 230–250.
  1121. Sclater, W.L. (1892) A List of the Batrachia of the Indian Museum. Taylor and Francis, London, viii + 43 pp.
  1122. Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, & Gul. Smith, & Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], [xxxii] + 178 pp., 111 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.62760
  1123. See, S.H.Y. (2021) Biodiversity Record: A reticulated python at Thomson Nature Park. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021026), 1.
  1124. Selveindran, P.M. (2014) First record of Malayan horned frog, Megophrys nasuta (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) egg clutch in Singapore with observation of amplexus. Nature in Singapore, 7, 49–54.
  1125. Seow, E., Kuperan, P., Goh, S. & Gopalakrishnakone, P. (2000) Morbidity after a bite from a ‘non-venomous’ pet snake. Singapore Medical Journal, 41 (1), 34–35.
  1126. Seow-En, I. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Spotted house gecko at the edge of a mangrove forest. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021070), 1.
  1127. Serin, S. (2015a) Malayan swamp skink, Sphenomorphus sp. at Sime forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 28.
  1128. Serin, S. (2015b) Five-banded flying dragon at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 29.
  1129. Serin, S. (2015c) Giant mudskipper preying on crab-eating water snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 163.
  1130. Serin, S. & Subaraj, R. (2018) Rainbow water snake in saltwater at Sungei Buloh. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 35.
  1131. Serin, S., Law, I.S. & Thomas, N. (2017) Rediscovery of Gimlett’s reed snake in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 89–90.
  1132. Serin, S., Law, I.S., Groenewoud, D. & Law, I.T. (2019) Blackwater mud snake at Upper Seletar. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 2–3.
  1133. Shahriza, S. (2018) Defense behavior of Gonocephalus grandis and Aphaniotis fusca (Squamata: Agamidae). Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 17 (1), 153–156. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v17i1p153-156
  1134. Shahriza, S., Ibrahim, J. & Anuar, M.S. (2016) Reproductive Parameters of Chalcorana labialis (Anura: Ranidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 45 (4), 535–539.
  1135. Shahrudin, S. (2013) Notes on Gekko smithii Gray, 1842 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Sungai Sedim, Kedah, Malaysia. Herpetology Notes, 6, 83–84.
  1136. Shahrudin, S. (2016) Defensive strategies of Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Herpetology Notes, 9, 163–165.
  1137. Shahrudin, S. (2017) Breeding biology of Microhyla heymonsi Vogt, 1911 (Anura, Microhylidae) from Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Herpetological Bulletin, 140, 31.
  1138. Shahrudin, S. (2021) Defensive behavior of banded bullfrogs, Kaloula pulchra Gray 1831 (Anura: Microhylidae) from Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians, 28 (1), 139–141. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i1.15371
  1139. Shankar, P.G., Swamy, P., Williams, R.C., Ganesh, S.R., Moss, M., Höglund, J., Das, I., Sahoo, G., Vijayakumar, S.P., Shanker, K., Wüster, W. & Dutta, S.K. (2021) King or royal family? Testing for species boundaries in the King Cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836), using morphology and multilocus DNA analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 165, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107300
  1140. Sharma, R.E. (1973) Noxious and toxic animals. In: Chuang, S.H. (Ed.), Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp. 229–250.
  1141. Sharma, R.C. (1998) The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries—Reptilia (Testudines and Crocodilians). Vol. I. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, xvi + 196 pp.
  1142. Sharma, R.C. (2007) The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries—Reptilia (Serpentes). Vol. III. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 140 pp.
  1143. Shelford, R.W.C. (1916) A Naturalist in Borneo. Edited with a Biographical Introduction by Edward B. Poulton. T. Fisher Unwin Ltd., London, xxvii + [1] + 331 pp., 32 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.37649
  1144. Sheridan, J.A. (2008) Ecology and Behavior of Polypedates leucomystax. Herpetological Review, 39 (2), 165–169.
  1145. Sheridan, J.A. (2009) Reproductive variation corresponding to breeding season length in three tropical frog species. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 25 (6), 583–592. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026646740999023X
  1146. Sheridan, J.A., Bickford, D. & Su, K.F.Y. (2010) An examination of call and genetic variation in three wide-ranging Southeast Asian anuran species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 58 (2), 369–379.
  1147. Shome, A.R., Jaman, M.F., Rabbe, M.F., Barkat, A.I. & Alam, M.M. (2020) New distribution record of Rhabdophis subminiatus (Schlegel, 1837; Squamata, Colubridae) from Madhupur National Park, Tangail, Bangladesh. Herpetology Notes, 13, 549–551.
  1148. Shu, S.L. (2016) Oriental pied hornbill preying on changeable lizard. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 88–89.
  1149. Siddall, R., Byrnes, G., Full, R.J. & Jusufi, A. (2021) Tails stabilize landing of gliding geckos crashing head-first into tree trunks. Communications Biology, 4 (1020), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02378-6
  1150. Siler, C.D., Heitz, B.B., Davis, D.R., Freitas, E.S., Aowphol, A., Termprayoon, K. & Grismer, L.L. (2018) New Supple Skink, Genus Lygosoma (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), from Indochina and Redescription of Lygosoma quadrupes. Journal of Herpetology, 52 (3), 332–347. https://doi.org/10.1670/16-064
  1151. Sim, K. & Sim, N. (2017) Speckle-headed whip snake at the Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 94–95.
  1152. Singstat.gov.sg. (2023) Available from: https://www.singstat.gov.sg/modules/infographics/population (accessed 14 January 2023)
  1153. Sinoda, M., Lim, P.Y. & Tan, S.M. (1978) Preliminary study of trash fish landed at Kangkar Fish Market in Singapore. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 44 (6), 595–600. https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.44.595
  1154. Siow, H. & Figueroa, A. (2020) White-spotted slug snakes at Singapore Botanic Gardens and East Coast Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 54–55.
  1155. Siow, H., Low, M.-R. & Wei, J.J. (2014) Masked rough-sided frog at Holland Woods. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 105.
  1156. Smedley, N. (1928) Dryophiops rubescens (Gray), a snake new to the Singapore fauna. Malayan Naturalist, 2 (1), 47.
  1157. Smedley, N. (1930) Oviparity in a sea-snake (Laticauda colubrina). Nature, 126 (3174), 312–313. https://doi.org/10.1038/126312b0
  1158. Smedley, N. (1931a) Ovoviviparity in sea-snakes. Nature, 127 (3192), 13. https://doi.org/10.1038/127013a0
  1159. Smedley, N. (1931b) Notes on some Malaysian snakes. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 5, 49–54.
  1160. Smedley, N. (1931c) Oviparity in a sea-snake, Laticauda colubrina (Schneid). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 5, 59–62.
  1161. Smedley, N. (1931d) Notes on the giant frog, Rana macrodon. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 5, 54–59.
  1162. Smedley, N. (1931e) Amphibians and reptiles from the Cameron Highlands, Malay Peninsula. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 6, 105–123, pl. 2.
  1163. Smedley, N. (1932) Notes on the herpetological collections in the Selangor Museum. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 7, 9–17.
  1164. Smedley, N. & Kloss, C.B. (1926) An abnormal, or unnamed, sea-snake. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 4 (1), 163–164.
  1165. Smith, H.M. & Smith, R.B. (1979) Synopsis of the herpetofauna of Mexico. Vol. VI. Guide to Mexican Turtles, Bibliographic Addendum III. North Bennington, Vermont, 1044 pp.
  1166. Smith, H.M. & Taylor, E.H. (1950a) Type localities of Mexican reptiles and amphibians. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 33, 313–379.
  1167. Smith, H.M. & Taylor, E.H. (1950b) An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles of Mexico exclusive of the snakes. United States National Museum Bulletin 199. United States National Museum, Washington D.C., v + 253 pp. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.199
  1168. Smith, M.A. (1916a) Descriptions of five tadpoles from Siam. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 2, 37–43.
  1169. Smith, M.A. (1916b) On a collection of reptiles and batrachians from peninsular Siam. The Journal of the Natural History of Siam, 2, 148–171.
  1170. Smith, M.A. (1920) On sea snakes from the coasts of the Malay Peninsula, Siam and Cochin-China. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 10, 1–63.
  1171. Smith, M.A. (1925) Contributions to the herpetology of Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal, 3 (11), 15–34.
  1172. Smith, M.A. (1926) Monograph of the sea-snakes (Hydrophiidae). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 130 pp., 2 pls.
  1173. Smith, M.A. (1928) The status of some recently described genera and species of snakes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 1 (4), 494–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932808672813
  1174. Smith, M.A. (1930) The reptilia and amphibia of the Malay Peninsula. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 3, i–xviii + 1–149.
  1175. Smith, M.A. (1931) Description of a new genus of sea snake from the coast of Australia, with a note on the structure providing for complete closure of the mouth in aquatic snakes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1931 (2), 397–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1931.tb01019.x
  1176. Smith, M.A. (1935) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Published Under the Authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. Edited by Lt.-Col. R.B.S. Sewell, C.I.E, Sc.D., F.R.S., I.M.S. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. II.—Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 440 + [1] pp., 1 pl., 2 maps.
  1177. Smith, M.A. (1937) The names of two Indian vipers. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 39 (2), 730–731.
  1178. Smith, M.A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London, 583 pp.
  1179. Socha, J.J. (2002) Gliding flight in the paradise tree snake. Nature, 418 (6898), 603–604. https://doi.org/10.1038/418603a
  1180. Socha, J.J. (2006) Becoming airborne without legs: the kinematics of take-off in a flying snake, Chrysopelea paradisi. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209 (17), 3358–3369. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02381
  1181. Socha, J.J. & LaBarbera, M. (2005) Effects of size and behavior on aerial performance of two species of flying snakes (Chrysopelea). Journal of Experimental Biology, 208 (10), 1835–1847.
  1182. Socha, J.J., O’Dempsey, T. & LaBarbera, M. (2005) A 3–D kinematic analysis of gliding in a flying snake, Chrysopelea paradisi. Journal of Experimental Biology, 208 (10), 1817–1833. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01579
  1183. Socha, J.J., Miklasz, K., Jafari, F. & Vlachos, P.P. (2010) Non-equilibrium trajectory dynamics and the kinematics of gliding in a flying snake. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 5 (4), 045002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/5/4/045002
  1184. Somaweera, R., Ukuwela, K. & Alagoda, T. (2006) A note on specimens of Gerarda prevostiana (Colubridae: Serpentes) collected from Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 35 (1), 91–93.
  1185. Somaweera, R. & Somaweera, N. (2009a) Lizards of Sri Lanka: A Colours Guide with Field Keys. Edition Chimaira/Serpent’s Tale NHBD, Frankfurt am Main, 304 pp.
  1186. Somaweera, R. & Somaweera, N. (2009b) An overview of Sri Lankan sea snakes with an annotated checklist and a field key. Taprobanica, 1 (1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v1i1.9
  1187. Sommung, B. & Hawkeswood, T.J. (2017) A record of the Reticulated Python, Python reticulatus (Schneider, 1801) (Reptilia: Pythonidae) from the Queen Sirikit Botanical Park (Rama No 9 Park), Bangkok, Thailand, with notes on a daytime refugium. Calodema, 568, 1–4.
  1188. Soorae, P.S., Frankham, G.J. & Mohamed, A.A. (2020) The first record of the Asian common toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus Schneider, 1799 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. BioInvasions Records, 9 (2), 434–443. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.2.29
  1189. Spinks, P.Q., Thomson, R.C., Hughes, B., Moxley, B., Brown, R., Diesmos, A. & Shaffer, H.B. (2012) Cryptic variation and the tragedy of unrecognized taxa: the case of international trade in the spiny turtle Heosemys spinosa (Testudines: Geoemydidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164 (4), 811–824. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00788.x
  1190. Sridhar, V.V. & Bickford, D. (2015) Oviposition site selection in the Malayan Giant Frog (Limnonectes blythii) in Singapore: conservation implications. Asian Herpetological Research, 6, 184–188.
  1191. Stanford, C.B., Wanchai, P., Schaffer, C., Schaffer R. & Thirakhupt, K. (2015) Manouria emys (Schlegel and Müller 1840): Asian Giant Tortoise, Giant Asian Forest Tortoise. In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B. & Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.), Conservation biology of freshwater turtles and tortoises: a compilation project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs, 5, 86.1–86.9. https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.086.emys.v1.2015
  1192. Steindachner, F. (1867) Reptilien. In: Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Erster Band (Wirbelthiere.). K.-K. Hof– und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, pp. 1–98, 3 pls.
  1193. Steindachner, F. (1870) Herpetologische notizen (II). II. Über einige neue oder seltene reptilien des Wiener Museums. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 62 (8), 336–350, 8 pls.
  1194. Stejneger, L. (1902) Ptychozoon kuhli, a new name for P. homalocephalum. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 15, 37.
  1195. Stejneger, L. (1907) Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 58, i–xx + 1–577. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.58.i
  1196. Stoliczka, F. (1870a) Observations on some Indian and Malayan Amphibia and Reptilia. (Abstract). Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1870 (4), 103–109.
  1197. Stoliczka, F. (1870b) Observations on some Indian and Malayan Amphibia and Reptilia. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 39 (Part 2, No. 2), 134–157, pl. 9.
  1198. Stoliczka, F. (1870c) Observations on some Indian and Malayan Amphibia and Reptilia. (Abstract.). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 6 (31), 105–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937008696209
  1199. Stoliczka, F. (1870d) Observations on some Indian and Malayan Amphibia and Reptilia. (Concluded from p. 157). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 39 (Part 2, No. 3), 159–228, pls. 10–12.
  1200. Stoliczka, F. (1873) Notes on some species of Malayan Amphibia and Reptilia. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 42 (2), 111–126.
  1201. Stone, F.H.S. (1913) Notes on the flying lizard (Draco maculatus). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 22 (3), 640–641.
  1202. Strauch, A.A. (1887) Bemerkungen über die Geckoniden-Sammlung im zoologischen Museum der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg. Mémoires des Savants Étrangers, 7, 1–72.
  1203. Streicher, J.W., Hamidy, A., Harvey, M.B., Andres, B., Shaney, K.J., Kurniawan, N. & Smith, E.N. (2014) Mitochondrial DNA reveals a new species of parachuting frog (Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorus) from Sumatra. Zootaxa, 3878 (4), 351–356.
  1204. Stuart, L.C. (1963) A checklist of the herpetofauna of Guatemala. Miscellaneous Publications of the, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 122, 1–148.
  1205. Stuckas, H. & Fritz, U. (2011) Identity of Pelodiscus sinensis revealed by DNA sequences of an approximately 180-year old type specimen and a taxonomic reappraisal of Pelodiscus species (Testudines: Trionychidae). Zoological Systematics and Evolution Research, 49, 335–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2011.00632.x
  1206. Stuebing, R.B. (1991) A checklist of the snakes of Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 39 (2), 323–362.
  1207. Stuebing, R. (1994) A new species of Cylindrophis (Serpentes: Cylindrophiidae) from Sarawak, Western Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 42 (4), 967–973.
  1208. Stuebing, R.B., Inger, R.F. & Lardner, B. (2014) A Field Guide to the Snakes of Borneo. 2nd Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 310 pp.
  1209. Stull, O.G. (1938) Three new species of the family Boidae. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, 8, 297–300.
  1210. Su, T.L. & Lim, S.S. (2016) Niche partitioning in two syntopic mudskipper species (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) in a Singapore mangrove. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 64, 220–228.
  1211. Subaraj, R. (1995) A survey of the vertebrate fauna of Pulau Ubin, Singapore. The Pangolin, 8 (1–4), 31–36.
  1212. Subaraj, R. (1996) Encounters of the forest kind. In: Lum, S. & Sharp, I. (Eds.), A View from the Summit: The Story of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Nanyang Technological University, National University of Singapore & National Parks Board, Singapore, pp. 100–101.
  1213. Subaraj, R. (2008) A personal account of envenomation by a blue-necked keelback, Macropisthodon rhodomelas (Boie) (Reptilia: Squamata: Natricidae). Nature in Singapore, 1, 109–111.
  1214. Subaraj, R. (2015) Mandai terrestrial fauna report (2015). In: ERM (Environmental Resources Management Pte Ltd), Mandai Park Holdings Environmental Impact Assessment. Available from: https://www.mandai.com/download/pdf/Final%20EIA_Main%20Chapters%20and%20Annexes.pdf (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1215. Subaraj, R. (2016) Black-headed collared snakes at Mandai and Kranji. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 14.
  1216. Subaraj, R., Lim, K. & Teo, R. (1995) Late records (1993–1994). The Pangolin, 8 (1–4), 2–5.
  1217. Subaraj R., Serin, S. & Saker, S. (2016) East Asian ornate chorus frogs at Lorong Halus. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 30–31.
  1218. Subharaj, R. (1989) Pythons galore! The Pangolin, 2 (2), 29–30.
  1219. Subaraj, R. (1994) Addendum to recent records—Herpetofauna. The Pangolin, 7 (1–4), 11–15.
  1220. Subharaj, R. & Lim, K.K.P. (1991a) Reptiles & Amphibians. The Pangolin, 4 (3), 3–4.
  1221. Subharaj, R. & Lim, K.K.P. (1991b) Reptiles & Amphibians. The Pangolin, 4 (4), 2–4.
  1222. Subaraj, S. (2015) Herpetofauna survey of the Mandai sectors. In: ERM (Environmental Resources Management Pte Ltd), Mandai Park Holdings Environmental Impact Assessment. Available from: https://www.mandai.com/download/pdf/Final%20EIA_Main%20Chapters%20and%20Annexes.pdf (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1223. Sullivan, J.S. & Sullivan, J.J. (1976) Prevalence of Hematozoa in some anurans from the Malayan Peninsula. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 7 (3), 493–495.
  1224. Supsup, C., Redoblado, B., Guinto, F. & Gomez, R. (2017) Amphibians and reptiles from the Mt. Hamiguitan Range of eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines: new distribution records. Check List, 13 (3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.3.2121
  1225. Suwannapoom, C., Van Nguyen, T., Pawangkhanant, P., Gorin, V.A., Chomdej, S., Che, J. & Poyarkov, N.A. (2020) A new species of Micryletta (Amphibia: Microhylidae) from southern Thailand. Zoological Research, 41 (5), 581–588. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.139
  1226. Sworder, G.H. (1923) A list of the snakes of Singapore Island. Singapore Naturalist, 3, 55–73.
  1227. Sworder, G.H. (1924a) On a few reptiles and batrachians from the Singapore islands. Singapore Naturalist, 3, 15–20.
  1228. Sworder, G.H. (1924b) An addition to the list of Singapore snakes and a few notes on species already included. Singapore Naturalist, 3, 21–22.
  1229. Sworder, G.H. (1925a) The lizards of Singapore Island. Singapore Naturalist, 5, 61–68.
  1230. Sworder, G.H. (1925b) The frog, Rana tigrina, and its allies. Singapore Naturalist, 5, 99.
  1231. Sworder, G.H. (1925c) Notes on Lygosoma bowringii and L. atrocostatum. Singapore Naturalist, 5, 101.
  1232. Sworder, G.H. (1929) Notes on Aphaniotis fusca (Peters). Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 7 (2), 327–335.
  1233. Sy, E.Y. & Malabana, D.A.O. (2015) Geographic distribution: Kaloula pulchra. Herpetological Review 46, 212.
  1234. Tan, A. (2017) Crocodile sightings reported at Pasir Ris Park. The Straits Times, 9 August 2017. Available from: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/crocodile-sightings-reported-at-pasir-ris-park#:~:text=A%20roughly%202m%2Dlong%20crocodile,crocodile%20at%20Pasir%20Ris%20Park (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1235. Tan, A. (2019a) Panic as family finds 3m-long python in toilet, then struggles to find agency to help remove snake. The Straits Times, 11 January 2019. Available from: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/panic-as-family-finds-3m-long-python-in-toilet-then-struggles-to-find-agency-to-help/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1236. Tan, A. (2019b) 3m python captured & safely released by Acres after eating community cat in Jurong West. Mothership, 23 October 2019. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2019/10/python-cat-jurong-west-acres/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1237. Tan, A. (2019c) Massive python with very fat belly spotted chilling in bushes at Jurong West. Mothership, 2 November 2019. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2019/11/python-jurong-west-blk-613/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1238. Tan, A. (2021a) Highly venomous black spitting cobra spotted at Changi Business Park. Mothership, 7 January 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/01/black-spitting-cobra-changi-business-park/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1239. Tan, A. (2021b) Dead sea turtle with severed head found entangled in heavy gill net at Pulau Hantu. Mothership, 18 May 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/05/dead-sea-turtle-pulau-hantu/ (accessed 18 May 2021)
  1240. Tan, A. (2021c) Huge king cobra & python trying to kill each other inside Dairy Farm drain. Mothership, 19 June 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/06/king-cobra-python-fight-dairy-farm/ (accessed 19 June 2021)
  1241. Tan, A. (2021d) Anglers find around 100 Hawksbill turtle hatchlings at East Coast Park, release them into sea. Mothership, 19 June 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/06/anglers-hawsbill-turtles-east-coast-park/ (accessed 19 June 2021)
  1242. Tan, A. (2021e) King cobra at Sungei Buloh devours python whole in just 45 minutes. Mothership, 23 June 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/06/king-cobra-eat-python/ (accessed 23 June 2021)
  1243. Tan, A. (2021f) King cobra at Sungei Buloh unsatisfied after devouring 1 snake, snags 2nd snake for dessert. Mothership, 1 July 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/07/king-cobra-eat-2-snakes/ (accessed 1 July 2021)
  1244. Tan, A. (2021g) Critically endangered Hawksbill turtles recorded copulating in S’pore waters for first time. Mothership, 2 July 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/07/hawksbill-turtle-copulating-record/ (accessed 2 July 2021)
  1245. Tan, C. (2014) Haas’s bronzeback at Venus Loop. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 263.
  1246. Tan, C.H., Tan, K.Y., Wong, K.Y., Tan, N.H. & Chong, H.P. (2022) Equatorial spitting cobra (Naja sumatrana) from Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan and Penang), Southern Thailand, and Sumatra: comparative venom proteomics, immunoreactivity and cross-neutralization by antivenom. Toxins, 14 (522), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080522
  1247. Tan, C.J. (2019a) Juvenile king cobra at Pasir Laba Road. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 50.
  1248. Tan, C.J. (2019b) Keel-bellied whip snake at Pasir Laba. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 51.
  1249. Tan, C.J. (2020) Malayan water monitor preying on dog-faced water snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 58.
  1250. Tan, C.J. & See, S.H.Y. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Predation of fruit bat by Wagler’s pit-viper. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021128), 1.
  1251. Tan, C.L.Y., Chua, J.L.E. & Woo, H.P.M. (2017) Brown anole at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 48.
  1252. Tan, C.L.Y., Cheo, Z.H. & Tan, H.Z. (2020) A king cobra in Hindhede Quarry. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 59–61.
  1253. Tan, F. (2021a) Grave builder at Choa Chu Kang cemetery asks equatorial spitting cobra to not disturb, it agrees. Mothership, 16 August 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/08/spitting-cobra-choa-chu-kang-columbarium/ (accessed 16 August 2021)
  1254. Tan, F. (2021b) Turtle hatchlings at Changi confuse street light with moonlight, crawl towards park connector instead of the sea. Mothership, 18 December 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/12/turtle-hatchlings-confuse-light-changi/ (accessed 18 December 2021)
  1255. Tan, G.Z. (2021) 2 large monitor lizards take turns to savour dead python at Ulu Pandan Park Connector. Mothership, 13 May 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/05/monitor-lizard-eats-python-ulu-pandan/ (accessed 13 May 2021)
  1256. Tan, H.H. (2010) Epidemiology of snakebites from a general hospital in Singapore: a 5-year retrospective review (2004–2008). ANNALS, Academy of Medicine Singapore, 39 (8), 640. https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.V39N8p640
  1257. Tan, H.H. (2013) Banded krait on Pulau Ubin. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 2.
  1258. Tan, H.H. (2014a) American bull frogs at inlet of Upper Seletar Reservoir. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 93.
  1259. Tan, H.H. (2014b) Malayan forest softshell turtle at Sime forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 115.
  1260. Tan, H.H. (2014c) A juvenile sunbeam snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 118.
  1261. Tan, H.H. (2014d) Life stages of the Malayan giant frog on Bukit Gombak. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 130–131.
  1262. Tan, H.H. (2014e) Puff-faced water snakes at Nee Soon swamp-forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 146.
  1263. Tan, H.H. (2014f) Spiny terrapins in the Central Catchment Nature Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 181.
  1264. Tan, H.H. (2014g) Paradise gliding snake carcass at urban Choa Chu Kang. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 229.
  1265. Tan, H.H. (2015) Terrapins in the Symphony Lake of the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 99–100.
  1266. Tan, H.H. (2016a) Aquatic vertebrates observed at Kent Ridge Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 122–125.
  1267. Tan, H.H. (2016b) Aquatic organisms observed at Bishan Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 137–140.
  1268. Tan, H.H. (2019) Aquatic organisms observed at Gardens by the Bay. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 160–162.
  1269. Tan, H.H. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Green iguana at Choa Chu Kang. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021082), 1.
  1270. Tan H.H. & Lim, K.K.P. (2012) Recent introduction of the brown anole Norops sagrei (Reptilia: Squamata: Dactyloidae) to Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 5, 359–362.
  1271. Tan, H.H. & Lim, K.K.P. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Green iguanas and a clouded monitor at Jurong Hill. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022021.
  1272. Tan, H.H. & Yeo, D.C.J. (2013) Variable reed snake attempting to swallow earthworm. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 10.
  1273. Tan, H.H. & Zhou, H. (2016) Male brown anoles displaying at Gardens by the Bay. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 171–172.
  1274. Tan, H.H. & Tay, S. (2019) Aquatic organisms observed in Kallang River off Jalan Rajah. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 136–139.
  1275. Tan, H.H., Li, T. & Lim, W. (2014) A food item of the blackwater mud snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 311–312.
  1276. Tan, H.H., Low, B.W. & Liew, J.H. (2015) Asian softshell turtle at Mandai west. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 122.
  1277. Tan, H.T.W., Chou, L.M., Yeo, D.C.J. & Ng, P.K.L. (2007) The Natural Heritage of Singapore. 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd., Singapore, viii + 271 pp.
  1278. Tan, H.T.W., Chou, L.M., Yeo, D.C.J. & Ng, P.K.L. (2010) The Natural Heritage of Singapore. 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd., Singapore, ix + 323 pp.
  1279. Tan, H.T.W. & Lim, K.K.P. (2011) Commercial Biodiversity. In: Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, pp. 194–201.
  1280. Tan, H.T.W., Lim, K.K.P., Tan, M.K. & Yee, A.T.K. (2019) The biology of Kent Ridge: vegetation, plants and animals. In: Tan, K.Y.L. (Ed.), Kent Ridge. An Untold Story. Ridge Books, Singapore, pp. 49–171. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvf3w2z1.7
  1281. Tan, K.Y.L. (2015) Of Whales and Dinosaurs: The Story of Singapore’s Natural History Museum. NUS Press, Singapore, xxii + 265 pp.
  1282. Tan, K.Y., Liew, J.L., Tan, N.H., Quah, E.S., Ismail, A.K. & Tan, C.H. (2019) Unlocking the secrets of banded coral snake (Calliophis intestinalis, Malaysia): A venom with proteome novelty, low toxicity and distinct antigenicity. Journal of Proteomics, 192, 246–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2018.09.006
  1283. Tan, L.W.H. & Ng, P.K.L. (1992) A Guide to Seashore Life. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.
  1284. Tan, M.M.Q. (2018) Red-tailed racer predating on plantain squirrel. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 55–56.
  1285. Tan, R. & Lee, W.W.S. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Gimlett’s reed snake at Upper Seletar. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021076), 1.
  1286. Tan, R. & Yeo, A. (2003) Chek Jawa Guidebook. Simply Green, Singapore, iv + 219 pp.
  1287. Tan, R. & Low, M.-R. (2018) Painted bronzeback attacking four-lined tree frog at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 40.
  1288. Tan, R., Lai, E. & Chanani-Parikh, I. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Banded wolf snake at Upper Seletar. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022063.
  1289. Tan, S.H. & Chapman, H. (2019) Paradise gliding snakes preying on lizards. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 67–69.
  1290. Tan, S.K. (2014a) Twin-barred gliding snake preying on spotted house gecko. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 70.
  1291. Tan, S.K. (2014b) Common Malayan racer at Kent Ridge. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 208.
  1292. Tan, S.K. & Lim, K.K.P. (2013a) White-spotted slug snake on Punggol Island. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 8.
  1293. Tan, S.K. & Lim, K.K.P. (2013b) Giant Asian pond terrapin at Nee Soon swamp-forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 115.
  1294. Tan, S.K. & Lim, K.K.P. (2013c) Spotted house gecko laying eggs. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 124.
  1295. Tan, S.K. & Lim, K.K.P. (2014) A twin-barred gliding snake’s failed attempt to prey on gecko. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 72.
  1296. Tan, T.H.T. (2014) Paradise gliding snake in an apartment at Hillview. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 317.
  1297. Tan, W.C., Ginal, P., Rhodin, A.G., Iverson, J.B. & Rödder, D. (2022) A present and future assessment of the effectiveness of existing reserves in preserving three critically endangered freshwater turtles in Southeast Asia and South Asia. Frontiers of Biogeography, 14 (1), e50928. https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG50928
  1298. Tan, W.K. (1992) Naturally Yours, Singapore. The National Parks Board, Singapore, 100 pp.
  1299. Tan, Y.K. (2015) Green turtle carcass showing sign of boat strike at Selat Pandan. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 212–213.
  1300. Tapley, B. & GirGin, S.M. (2015) Captive husbandry and breeding of file-eared tree frogs, Polypedates otilophus (Boulenger, 1893) (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae). Herpetological Bulletin, 132, 5–8.
  1301. Tay, J.B. (2015) Green iguana at Burgundy Crescent. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 188.
  1302. Tay, A. (2017) A banded wolf snake at Upper Seletar. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 154–155.
  1303. Tay, A. (2019a) New record of the long-tailed sun skink in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 77–78.
  1304. Tay, A. (2019b) A king cobra hunting at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 80–81.
  1305. Tay, A. (2019c) Brown anole in a plant nursery at Thomson Road. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 82.
  1306. Tay, A. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Brown anole at Seletar West. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022129.
  1307. Tay, A. & Wind, C. (2013a) Dog-faced water snake attacking pufferfish. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 100.
  1308. Tay, A. & Wind, C. (2013b) Lowland dwarf gecko at Pasir Ris mangroves. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 101.
  1309. Tay, A. & Lim, J. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Brown anoles at Yishun and Toa Payoh. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021065), 1–3.
  1310. Tay, A., Ong, M. & Prarthini, S. (2017) Greenhouse frogs at Clementi Woods. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 103–104.
  1311. Tay, J.Y.L., Wong, S.K., Chou, L.M. & Todd, P.A. (2018) Land reclamation and the consequent loss of marine habitats around the Ayer Islands, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 11, 1–5.
  1312. Taylor, E.H. (1953) A review of the lizards of Ceylon. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 35, 1525–1585. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.26732
  1313. Taylor, E.H. (1960) On the caecilian species Ichthyophis glutinosus and Ichthyophis monochrous, with description of related species. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 40 (4), 37–120. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.18735
  1314. Taylor, E.H. (1962) The amphibian fauna of Thailand. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 43 (8), 267–599. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.13347
  1315. Taylor, E.H. (1963) The lizards of Thailand. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 44, 687–1077.
  1316. Taylor, E.H. (1965) The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 45 (9), 609–1096, 125 figs.
  1317. Taylor, E.H. (1968) Caecilians of the world: a taxonomic review. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 848 pp.
  1318. Taylor, E.H. & Elbel, R.E. (1958) Contribution to the herpetology of Thailand. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 38 (13), 1033–1189, 36 figs. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.10972
  1319. Tee, Z. (2019a) 3m-long python shocks passers-by in Orchard. The Straits Times, 30 January 2019. Available from: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/3m-long-python-shocks-passers-by-in-orchard#:~:text=A%20python%2C%20about%203m%20long,a%20photo%20of%20the%20snake.&text=In%20some%20videos%2C%20three%20men%20are%20seen%20carrying%20the%20python%20away (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1320. Tee, Z. (2019b) 1.7m crocodile at Lower Seletar Reservoir caught by PUB, NParks. The Straits Times, 24 February 2019. Available from: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/17m-crocodile-at-lower-seletar-reservoir-caught-by-pub-nparks (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1321. Teo, J. & Khoo, M.D.Y. (2016) Smooth-coated otter interacting with banded file snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 182–184.
  1322. Teo, R. (2003) Rare finds in the Gardens: frog in the Dell. Gardenwise, 20, 6.
  1323. Teo, R.C.H. & Rajathurai, S. (1997) Mammals, reptiles and amphibians in the nature reserves of Singapore—diversity, abundance and distribution. In: Proceedings of the Nature Reserves Survey Seminar. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore, 49, pp. 353–425.
  1324. Teo, R.C.H. & Thomas, N.J. (2019) Updated inventory of the amphibians, reptiles and mammals of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore, 71 (Supplement 1), 145–183.
  1325. Teo, W.L.J. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Malaysian giant terrapin at MacRitchie forest. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022041.
  1326. Tham, D., Mydin, I., Lim, S. & Yeo, S. (2019) An Old New World: From the East Indies to the Founding of Singapore, 1600s–1819. National Museum of Singapore, Singapore, 224 pp.
  1327. Theobald, W. (1868a) Catalogue of the Reptiles of British Birma, embracing the Provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little‐known species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 10 (41), 4–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1868.tb02007.x
  1328. Theobald, W. (1868b) Catalogue of reptiles in the museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Journal of the Asiatic Society, Extra No., i–vi + 1–88. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5477
  1329. Theobald, W. (1876) Descriptive Catalogue of the Reptiles of British India. Thacker, Spink and Company, Calcutta, 238 + xxxviii + xiii pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5483
  1330. Thet, N.N. (2019) Python casually slithers into man’s motorcycle at Yishun in front of him, chills there for over 4 hours. Mothership, 11 January 2019. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2019/01/yishun-python-motorbike-snake/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1331. Thet, N.N. (2021) 85 critically endangered Hawksbill turtles hatched on Sentosa on Oct. 31, 2021. Mothership, 1 November 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/11/hawksbill-turtle-sentosa-2021/ (accessed 1 November 2021)
  1332. Thiagarajan, S. (2020a) Python found huddled up inside cab engine compartment at Redhill carpark. Mothership, 7 January 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/01/python-found-in-cab-engine-redhill/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1333. Thiagarajan, S. (2020b) Teacher discovers python in Commonwealth Secondary, calmly uses it in science class. Mothership, 8 January 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/01/python-commonwealth-secondary/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1334. Thiagarajan, S. (2020c) 2 monitor lizards eat python carcass in Potong Pasir. Mothership, 21 June 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/06/monitor-lizards-eat-dead-python/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1335. Thiagarajan, S. (2020d) Award winning nature photographer captures dramatic shot of python at Pasir Ris Park. Mothership, 23 September 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/09/python-pasir-ris-park-jayaprakash/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1336. Thiagarajan, S. (2020e) Python with fat belly at Queenstown calmly handled by Acres personnel. Mothership, 13 October 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/10/python-queenstown-acres/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1337. Thiagarajan, S. (2020f) Rare sighting of sea turtle near Lazarus Island in S’pore. Mothership, 19 November 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/11/sea-turtles-seringat-kias/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1338. Thio, H.B. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Paradise gliding snake preying on spotted house gecko. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e2021132), 1.
  1339. Thirumurugan, N.C. & Tan, R. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Predation of ashy tailorbird by paradise gliding snake. Nature in Singapore, 15, e2022144.
  1340. Thominot, M.A. (1889) Observations sur quelques reptiles et batraciens de la collectión du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Paris. Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris, 8, 21–30.
  1341. Thomas, N. (2013) Clouded monitor lizards at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 44–45.
  1342. Thomas, N. (2013) Lowland dwarf gecko at Bidadari. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 70.
  1343. Thomas, N. (2014) Blue bronzeback at MacRitchie forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 5.
  1344. Thomas, N. (2014) Jasper cat snake roadkill at Upper Seletar. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 68–69.
  1345. Thomas, N. (2016) Mosquitoes feeding on many-lined sun skink. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 40–41.
  1346. Thomas, N. & Baker, N. (2014) Asian leaf terrapin at Lower Peirce. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 176.
  1347. Thomas, N. & Boopal, A. (2014) Golden gliding snake at Shenton Way. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 51.
  1348. Thomas, N. & Chua, J. (2014) Barred kukri snakes at MacRitchie forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 163–164.
  1349. Thomas, N. & Chua, M.A.H. (2014) Black marsh terrapin on Pulau Ubin. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 30–31.
  1350. Thomas, N. & Lim, F.L.K. (2014) Beaded sea-snake at Pulau Ubin. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 38–39.
  1351. Thomas, N., Barnett, G. & Zimny, A. (2014) Banded file snake at Pasir Ris mangroves. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 191.
  1352. Thomas, N., Serin, S. & Law, I.S. (2016) Second recent record of a white-spotted cat snake in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 1–2.
  1353. Thomas, N., Li, T., Lim, W. & Cai, Y. (2014) New record of the blackwater mud snake in Singapore. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 309–310.
  1354. Thomas, N., Yeo, H.H.T., Fung, T.K. & Low, M.-R. (2015) Dwarf reed snakes on Pulau Ubin. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 5.
  1355. Thomas, N., Goh, C.S., Lin, J. & Ang, G. (2016) Malayan water monitor preying on changeable lizard. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 8.
  1356. Thompson, J.C. (1913) Contributions to the anatomy of the Ophidia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1913 (3), 414–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1913.tb06139.x
  1357. Thompson, J.C. (1914) Further contributions to the anatomy of the Ophidia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1913 (3), 379–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1914.tb07043.x
  1358. Thunberg, C.P. (1828) General-Catalogue på Kongl. Akademiens i Upsala, Natural-Samlingar. Unpublished manuscript, Uppsala University Zoological Museum, Uppsala, 311 pp.
  1359. Tillack, F. & Günther, R. (2009) Revision of the species of Oligodon from Sumatra and adjacent islands, with comments on the taxonomic status of Oligodon subcarinatus (Günther, 1872) and Oligodon annulifer (Boulenger, 1893) from Borneo (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 16 (4), 265–294.
  1360. Ting, M.C. (1970) Table of the early development of Rhacophorus leucomystax Boie. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 2 (2), 38.
  1361. Toh, T.W. (2021) 2.5m-long python with swollen belly rescued from drain in Bishan, likely to have eaten cat. AsiaOne, 27 October 2018. Available from: https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/25m-long-python-swollen-belly-rescued-drain-bishan-likely-have-eaten-cat/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1362. Toh, W.Y. (2019) Twin-barred gliding snake hunting spotted house gecko. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 52–53.
  1363. Torres-Bonilla, K.A., Floriano, R.S., Schezaro-Ramos, R., Rodrigues-Simioni, L. & da Cruz-Höfling, M.A. (2017) A survey on some biochemical and pharmacological activities of venom from two Colombian colubrid snakes, Erythrolamprus bizona (Double-banded coral snake mimic) and Pseudoboa neuwiedii (Neuwied’s false boa). Toxicon, 131, 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.02.030
  1364. Touch, T.S., Prak, H.L., Chul, T., Lieng, S., Chun, S., Hout, P., and Heng, K. (2000) Overview of the turtle trade in Cambodia. In: van Dijk, P.P., Stuart, B.L. & Rhodin, A.G.J. (Eds.), Asian Turtle Trade: Proceedings of a Workshop on Conservation and Trade of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises in Asia, Chelonian Research Monographs. Vol. 2. Lunenburg: Chelonian Research Foundation, pp. 55–57.
  1365. Trageser, S. (2015) Chinese striped-neck terrapin at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 148.
  1366. Trivalairat, P. & Srikosamatara, S. (2022) Daily activities and population of water monitors (Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768)) in urban wetland, Bangkok, Thailand. ARPHA Preprints, 3, e93504.
  1367. TTWG (Turtle Taxonomy Working Group) [Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B. & van Dijk, P.P.] (2021) Turtles of the world: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. 9th Edition. In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A. & Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.), Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Projec of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs, 8, pp. 1–486.
  1368. Turner, I.M. (2016) Natural history publications arising from Theodore Cantor’s visit to Chusan, China, in 1840. Archives of Natural History, 43 (1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2016.0344
  1369. Tweedie, M.W.F. (1940) Notes on Malayan reptiles. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 16, 83–87.
  1370. Tweedie, M.W.F. (1949) Report of the Raffles Museum and Library for the Year 1948. Government Printing Office, Singapore, 11 pp., 2 pls.
  1371. Tweedie, M.W.F. (1950) Notes on Malayan reptiles. No. 2. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 23, 191–199.
  1372. Tweedie, M.W.F. (1951) Report of the Raffles Museum and Library for the Year 1950. Government Printing Office, Singapore, 20 pp., 2 pls.
  1373. Tweedie, M.W.F. (1952) Report of the Raffles Museum and Library for the Year 1951. Government Printing Office, Singapore, 15 pp.
  1374. Tweedie, M.W.F. (1953) The Snakes of Malaya. Government Printing Office, Singapore, 139 pp.
  1375. Tweedie, M.W.F. (1954) Notes on Malayan reptiles, No. 3. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 25, 107–117.
  1376. Tweedie, M.W.F. (1961) The Snakes of Malaya. 2nd Edition. Government Printing Office, Singapore, 143 pp.
  1377. Tweedie, M.W.F. (1983) The Snakes of Malaya. 3rd Edition. Singapore National Printers, Singapore, 167 pp.
  1378. Udhaya K.K., Reh, B. & Low, M.-R. (2017) Apparent courtship behaviour of the house wolf snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 15–16.
  1379. Udyawer, V., Barnes, P., Bonnet, X., Brischoux, F., Crowe-Riddell, J.M., D’anastasi, B., Fry, B.G., Gillet, A., Goiran, C., Guinea, M.L., Heatwole, H., Heupel, M.R., Hourston, M., Kangas, M., Kendrick, A., Koefoed, I., Lillywhite, H.B., Lobo, A.S., Lukoschek, V., McAuley, R., Nitschke, C., Rasmussen, A.R., Sanders, K.L., Sheehy III, C., Shine, R., Somaweera, R., Sweet, S.S. & Voris, H.K. (2018) Future directions in the research and management of marine snakes. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5 (399), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00399
  1380. Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hošek, J. (Eds.) (2023) The Reptile Database Available from: http://www.reptile-database.org (accessed 14 January 2023)
  1381. Ukpong, E.E., Jacob, D.E., Ufot, I.N. & Joseph, A.E. (2012) The Fauna Biodiversity of Ikot Ondo Community Forest in Essien Udim LGA of Akwa Ibom State, South Eastern Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 5 (3), 276–280. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejesm.v5i3.9
  1382. Ukuwela, K.D., de Silva, A. & Sanders, K.L. (2017) Further specimens of the mud snake, Gerarda prevostiana (Homalopsidae) from Sri Lanka with insights from molecular phylogenetics. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 65, 29–34.
  1383. Ukuwela, K.D.B., de Silva, A., Sivaruban, A. & Sanders, K.L. (2022) Diversity, distribution, and natural history of the marine snakes of Sri Lanka. Marine Biodiversity, 52 (2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-022-01259-3
  1384. Underwood, G. & Williams, E.E. (1959) The anoline lizards of Jamaica. Bulletin of the Institute of Jamaica Science Series, 9, 1–48.
  1385. Usherwood, M., Diong, C.H., Chim, C.K. & Mcquistion, T.E. (2007) Two new coccidian parasites, Eimeria gelasina and Eimeria cerberi (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the dog-faced water snake (Cerberus rynchops) from Singapore. Acta Protozoologica, 46 (4), 357–360.
  1386. Utiger, U., Schätti, B., Helfenberger, N. (2005) The oriental colubrine genus Coelognathus Fitzinger, 1843 and classification of old and new world racers and ratsnakes (Reptilia, Squamata. Colubridae, Colubrinae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 12, 39–60.
  1387. Van Miriah, C. (2002) 25 endangered turtles freed returning to the wild. Streats, 6 June 2002, Local.
  1388. Van Nguyen, T., Duong, L.D. & Duong, T.T.A. (2019) New records and updated list of snakes (Squamata: Serpentes) from Binh Dinh Province, central-southern Vietnam. Hue University Journal of Science: Natural Science, 128 (1B), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.26459/hueuni-jns.v128i1B.5203
  1389. Varma, V. & Anthony, F.M. (2020) Range extension of the Copper-headed Trinket Snake, Coelognathus radiatus (Boie 1827) (Squamata: Colubridae), from Himachal Pradesh, India. Reptiles & Amphibians, 27 (2), 312–313. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v27i2.14460
  1390. Vassilieva, A.B., Geissler, P., Galoyan, E.A., Poyarkov Jr., N.A., Van Devender, R.W. & Boehme, W. (2013) A new species of Kukri Snake (Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826; Squamata: Colubridae) from the Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3702 (3), 233–246. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.2
  1391. Vishwakarma, R., Sengupta, D., Gomes, L. & Momin, A.C. (2019) Notes on Kashmir rock agamas, Laudakia tuberculata (Gray 1827), from the Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary in northern India. Reptiles and Amphibians Conservation and Natural History, 26 (1), 75–76. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v26i1.14352
  1392. Vogel, G. (1992) Ahaetulla fasciolata (Fischer, 1885) new record for the fauna of Thailand. Litteratura Serpentium, 12 (1), 8–11.
  1393. Vogel, G. & David, P. (2006) On the taxonomy of the Xenochrophis piscator complex (Serpentes, Natricidae). In: Vences, M., Köhler, J., Ziegler, T. & Böhme, W. (Eds.), Herpetologia Bonnensis II. Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Held at Bonn, 2005. Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Bonn, pp. 241–246.
  1394. Vogel, G. & van Rooijen, J. (2007) A new species of Dendrelaphis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 1394 (1), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1394.1.2
  1395. Vogel, G. & David, P. (2012) A revision of the species group of Xenochrophis piscator (Schneider, 1799) (Squamata: Natricidae). Zootaxa, 3473 (1), 1–60. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3473.1.1
  1396. Vogel, G., David, P. & Pauwels, O.S. (2004) A review of morphological variation in Trimeresurus popeiorum (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 727 (1), 1–63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.727.1.1
  1397. Vogel, G., David, P. & Sidik, I. (2014) On Trimeresurus sumatranus (Raffles, 1822), with the designation of a neotype and the description of a new species of pitviper from Sumatra (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 8 (2), 1–29.
  1398. Vogel, G., David, P., Lutz, M., van Rooijen, J. & Vidal, N. (2007) Revision of the Tropidolaemus wagleri-complex (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) I. Definition of included taxa and redescription of Tropidolaemus wagleri (Boie, 1827). Zootaxa, 1644 (1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1644.1.1
  1399. Vogel, G. & Harikrishnan, S. (2013) Revalidation of Lycodon hypsirhinoides (Theobald, 1868) from Andaman Islands (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae). Taprobanica: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity, 5 (1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v5i1.86
  1400. Vogel, G., Amarasinghe, A.T. & Ineich, I. (2016) Resurrection of Pseudorabdion torquatum (AMC Duméril, Bibron & AHA Duméril, 1854), a former synonym of P. longiceps (Cantor, 1847) (Colubridae: Calamariinae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4121 (3), 337–345. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.8
  1401. Vogel, G., Van Nguyen, T., Lalremsanga, H.T., Biakzuala, L., Hrima, V. & Poyarkov, N.A. (2020) Taxonomic reassessment of the Pareas margaritophorus-macularius species complex (Squamata, Pareidae). Vertebrate Zoology, 70 (4), 547–569.
  1402. Vogel, G., David, P. & Sidik, I. (2022) A review of the complex of Trimeresurus hageni (Lidth de Jeude, 1886) (Squamata: Viperidae) with descriptions of three new insular species from Indonesia. Taprobanica, 11 (2), 54–83. https://doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v11i2.283
  1403. Vogrinc, P.N. & McCleary, R.J.R. (2016) Cuora amboinensis, diet. Herpetological Review, 47 (1), 121–122.
  1404. Vogrinc, P.N., McCleary, R.J.R. & Tang, Y.B. (2016) Ahaetulla prasina, diet. Herpetological Review, 47 (3), 471–472.
  1405. Vogrinc, P.N. (2017) Cantoria violacea, maximum size. Herpetological Review, 48 (1), 205.
  1406. Voris, H.K. & Murphy, J.C. (2012) Sampling marine and estuarial reptiles. In: McDiarmid, R.W., Foster, M.S., Guyer, C., Gibbons, J.W. & Chernoff, N. (Eds.), Reptile biodiversity, standard methods for inventory and monitoring. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, pp. 192–196.
  1407. Waeschenbach, A. (2013) Macrobothriotaenia ficta (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea), a parasite of sunbeam snake (Xenopeltis unicolor): example of convergent evolution. Zootaxa, 3640 (3), 485–499. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3640.3.12
  1408. Wall, F. (1906) A descriptive list of the sea snakes (Hydrophiidae) in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 1 (14), 277–299, pls. 14–15.
  1409. Wallach, V. (1999) Typhlops meszoelyi, a new species of blind snake from northeastern India (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Herpetologica, 55 (2), 185–191.
  1410. Wallach, V. (2009) Ramphotyphlops braminus (Daudin): a synopsis of morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Hamadryad, 34, 34–61.
  1411. Wallach, V. & Pauwels, O.S. (2004) Typhlops lazelli, a new species of Chinese blindsnake from Hong Kong (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Breviora, 512 (1), 1–21.
  1412. Wallach V., Williams, K.L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1227 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901
  1413. Wallin, L. (1985) A survey of Linnaeus’s material of Chelone mydas, Caretta caretta and Eretmochelys imbricata (Reptilia, Cheloniidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 85, 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01501.x
  1414. Wallin L. (2001) Uppsala University Zoological Museum, Zoology section (UUZM): Catalogue of type specimens. 4. Linnaean specimens. Uppsala University Zoological Museum, Uppsala, 128 pp.
  1415. Wang, D.J. & Tay, S.G.M. (2015) Juvenile king cobra at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 24.
  1416. Wang, L.K., Yeo, D.C.J., Lim, K.K.P. & Lum, S.K.Y. (2012) Private Lives—An Exposé of Singapore’s Rainforests. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, 298 pp.
  1417. Wang, S., Liu, C., Zhu, W., Gao, X. & Li, Y. (2016) Tracing the origin of the black-spotted frog, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Asian Herpetological Research, 7, 69–74.
  1418. Warburton, C. (1933) On five new species of ticks (Arachnida Ixodoidea): Ixodes Petauristae, I. ampullaceus, Dermacentob imitans, Amblyomma laticaudae and Aponomma draconis, with notes on three previously described species, Ornithodorus franchinii Tonelli-Rondelli, Haemaphysalis Cooleyi Bedford and Rhipicephalus maculatus Neumann. Parasitology, 24 (4), 558–568. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000020953
  1419. Webb, G.J.W., Manolis, S.C. & Brien, M.L. (2010) Saltwater Crocodile Crocodylus porosus. In: Manolis, S.C. & Stevenson, C. (Eds.), Crocodiles: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. 3rd Edition. Crocodile Specialist Group, Darwin, pp. 99–113.
  1420. Wee, Y.C. (1992) Proposed Golf Course at Lower Peirce Reservoir: An Environmental Impact Assessment. Nature Society, Singapore, ii + 80 pp.
  1421. Wee, Y.C. (2018) Observation of a changeable lizard laying eggs. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 70–71.
  1422. Wei, L., Shao, W., Fan, X., Flanders, J., Ding, G. & Lin, Z. (2019) Advertisement calls of Guenther’s frog Hylarana guentheri (Anura: Ranidae) during the breeding season. Bioacoustics, 28 (2), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2017.1408494
  1423. Weinell, J.L., Leviton, A.E. & Brown, R.M. (2020a) A new species of reed snake, genus Calamaria (Colubridae: Calamariinae), from Mindoro Island, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology, 14 (2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb2020b14006
  1424. Weinell, J.L., Barley, A.J., Siler, C.D., Orlov, N.L., Ananjeva, N.B., Oaks, J.R., Burbrink, F.T. & Brown, R.M. (2020b) Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic range evolution in cat-eyed snakes, Boiga (Serpentes: Colubridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 192 (1), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa090
  1425. Weinstein, S.A., Griffin, R. & Ismail, A.K. (2014) Non-front-fanged colubroid (“colubrid”) snakebites: Three cases of local envenoming by the mangrove or ringed cat-eyed snake (Boiga dendrophila; Colubridae, Colubrinae), the Western beaked snake (Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus; Lamprophiidae, Psammophinae) and the rain forest cat-eyed snake (Leptodeira frenata; Dipsadidae). Clinical Toxicology, 52 (4), 277–282. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2014.897352
  1426. Weitlaner, F. (1902) Eine untersuchung über den haftfuss des gecko. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft Wien, 52, 328–332.
  1427. Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. (1985) A classification of the amphibia and reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology, Supplement 1, 1–61.
  1428. Welton, L.J., Travers, S.L., Siler, C.D. & Brown, R.M. (2014) Integrative taxonomy and phylogeny-based species delimitation of Philippine water monitor lizards (Varanus salvator complex) with descriptions of two new cryptic species. Zootaxa, 3881 (3), 201–227. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3881.3.1
  1429. Wermuth, H. (1954) Zur Nomenclatur und typologie des leistenkrokodils, Crocodylus porosus Schneider 1801. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum der Humboldt-Universität Berlin, 30 (2), 483–487. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19540300203
  1430. Wermuth, H. (1960) The identity of the name Crocodylus natans Meyer 1795—a second contribution to the nomenclature and typology of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus Schneider 1801. Spolia Zeylanica, 29, 23–27.
  1431. Werner, F. (1900) Reptilien und Batrachier aus Sumatra, gesammelt von Herrn Gustav Schneider jr. im Jahre 1897–98. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abtheilung für Systematik, Geographie, und Biologie der Thiere, 13, 479–508, pls. 31–35.
  1432. Werner, F. (1902) Prodromus einer Monographie der Chamaleonten. (2001) Zoologische Jahrbücher, Systematische, 15 (3–4), 295–460.
  1433. Werner, F. (1925) Neue oder wenig bekannte schlangen aus dem Wiener naturhistorischen Staatsmuseum (2.) Teil. Sitzungsberichte Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abtheilung 1, 134, 45–66.
  1434. Werner, Y.L. & Chou, L.M. (2002) Observations on the ecology of the arhythmic equatorial gecko Cnemaspis kendallii in Singapore (Sauria: Gekkoninae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50 (1), 185–196.
  1435. Wheeler, A. (1998) Dates of publication of J.E. Gray’s Illustrations of Indian Zoology (1830–1835). Archives of Natural History, 25 (3), 345–354. https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.1998.25.3.345
  1436. Whitaker, R. & Martin, G. (2015) Diversity and distribution of medically important snakes of India. In: Gopalakrishnakone, P., Faiz, A., Fernando, R., Gnanathasan, C.A., Habib, A.G. & Yang, C.-C. (Eds.), Clinical Toxinology in Asia Pacific and Africa. Spinger, Dordrecht, pp. 115–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6386-9_16
  1437. White, R. (2020) An encounter with a pair of mating red-tailed racers. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 106–107.
  1438. Wijedasa, L.S. (2015) Chinese striped-neck terrapins at Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 180–181.
  1439. Wijedasa, L.S. & Lim, Y. (2016) Asian soft shell turtle at Singapore Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 53.
  1440. Will, U. (2016) Sumatran spitting cobra eating Malaysian wood rat at Sungei Buloh. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 173.
  1441. Will, U. (2017a) Clouded monitor lizard eating snail. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 6.
  1442. Will, U. (2017b) Striped bronzebacks and striped kukri snake at Sungei Buloh. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 106–107.
  1443. Will, U. (2018a) Oriental whip snake eating gecko. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 9–10.
  1444. Will, U. (2018b) An arboreal striped kukri snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 32.
  1445. Willson, J.D. & Winne, C.T. (2016) Evaluating the functional importance of secretive species: a case study of aquatic snake predators in isolated wetlands. Journal of Zoology, 298 (4), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12311
  1446. Wiradana, P.A., Widhiantara, I.G., Mickael, A., Bagus, A.A.N. & Dinata, A.P. (2021) Population status of herpetofauna in the rice fields area of Angantaka Village of Badung, Bali, Indonesia. Ecology Environment & Conservation, 27, S141–S145.
  1447. Wong, P.P. (2011) Physical geography of Singapore. In: Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 38–43.
  1448. Wong, C.Z.F. & Lim, N.T.-L. (2018) Central bearded dragon at Telok Blangah. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 22.
  1449. Wong, K. (2021) King cobra spotted hanging from tree at MacRitchie Nature Trial, hikers look on in amazement. Mothership, 21 February 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/02/king-cobra-macritchie-nature-trail/ (accessed 21 February 2021)
  1450. Wong, W. (2017) Singapore Chronicles: Flora and Fauna. Straits Times Press, Singapore, 116 pp.
  1451. Woo, W.X. & Wee, S.X.R. (2015) Brown anole at Bishan. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 61.
  1452. Wood Jr., P.L., Grismer, L.L., Youmans, T.M., Nasir, N.B., Ahmad, N. & Senwai, J. (2008) Additions to the herpetofauna of Endau-Rompin, Johor, West Malaysia. Herpetological Review, 39 (1), 112–121.
  1453. Wood Jr., P.L., Grismer, L.L., Grismer, J.L., Neang, T., Thou, C. & Holden, J. (2010) A new cryptic species of Acanthosaura, Gray 1831 (Squamata: Agamidae) from Thailand and Cambodia. Zootaxa, 2488 (1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2488.1.2
  1454. Wood Jr., P.L., Guo, X., Travers, S.L., Su, Y.C., Olson, K.V., Bauer, A.M., Grismer, L.L., Siler, C.D., Moyle, R.G. & Brown, R.M. (2019) Parachute geckos free fall into synonymy: Gekko phylogeny, and a new subgeneric classification, inferred from thousands of ultraconserved elements. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 146, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106731
  1455. Wostl, E., Sidik, I., Trilaksono, W., Shaney, K.J., Kurniawan, N. & Smith, E.N. (2016) Taxonomic status of the Sumatran pitviper Trimeresurus (Popeia) toba David, Petri, Vogel and Doria, 2009 (Squamata: Viperidae) and other Sunda Shelf species of the subgenus Popeia. Journal of Herpetology, 50 (4), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1670/15-045
  1456. Xie, Y., Wang, P., Zhong, G., Zhu, F., Liu, Q., Che, J., Shi, L., Murphy, R.W. & Guo, P. (2018) Molecular phylogeny found the distribution of Bungarus candidus in China (Squamata: Elapidae). Zoological Systematics, 43 (1), 109–117.
  1457. Xu, W. & Teo, Y.T. (2013) Blue Malayan coral snake biting barred kukri snake. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 82–83.
  1458. Xu, W. & Morgany, T. (2016) Bizarre death of a reticulated python at Kent Ridge. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 74.
  1459. Yak, R.S., Lundin, A.C., Peng, Y.P. & Sebastin, S.J. (2014) Python Bite: An Unusual Cause of Hand Injury. Journal of Hand and Microsurgery, 6 (1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12593-013-0102-6
  1460. Yak, R., Lundin, A.C., Pin, P.Y. & Sebastin, S.J. (2015) Oral bacterial microflora of free-living Reticulated Pythons (Python reticulatus) in Singapore. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery, 25 (1–2), 40–44. https://doi.org/10.5818/1529-9651-25.1.40
  1461. Yap, M.K.K., Tan, N.H., Sim, S.M., Fung, S.Y. & Tan, C.H. (2014) Pharmacokinetics of Naja sumatrana (equatorial spitting cobra) venom and its major Toxins in experimentally envenomed rabbits. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8 (6), e2890, 1–12 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002890
  1462. Yap, T. (2016) Assessing the Threat of Two Deadly Fungal Pathogens (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans) to Amphibian Biodiversity and the Impacts of Human-mediated Movement of an Invasive Carrier Species and Climate Change. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 136 pp.
  1463. Yau, J.M., Wang, T. & Goh, E.S.C. (2020) Malayan bridle snake at Old Upper Thomson Road. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 6.
  1464. Yau, S.J.M. & Kamisan, K. (2020) Cantor’s water snake at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 143–144.
  1465. Yee, A.T.K., Corlett, R.T., Liew, S.C. & Tan, H.T. (2011) The vegetation of Singapore—an updated map. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore, 63 (1–2), 205–212.
  1466. Yeo, A., Chow, L. & Law, I.S. (2018) Greenhouse frog at Dairy Farm. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018, 1.
  1467. Yeo, D.C.J. & Chia, C.S.W. (2010) Introduced species in Singapore: an overview. COSMOS, 6 (1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607710000486
  1468. Yeo, D.C.J., Wang, L.K. & Lim, K.K.P. (2010) Private Lives—an Exposé of Singapore’s Freshwaters. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, 258 pp.
  1469. Yeo, D.C.J. & Lim, K.K.P. (2011) Freshwater ecosystems. In: Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 52–63.
  1470. Yeo, D.C.J., Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (2011) Threats to Singapore biodiversity. In: Ng, P.K.L., Corlett, R.T. & Tan, H.T.W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 96–105.
  1471. Yeo, J. (2019) Man uses mop to catch python slithering outside Serangoon nightclub. Mothership, 13 September 2019. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2019/09/python-mop-serangoon-man/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1472. Yeo, J.W.L. (2014) Green iguana at Kovan. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 119.
  1473. Yeo, J.W.L. & Tan, H.H. (2016) Mangrove pit-vipers at Pasir Ris and Sungei Buloh. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016, 20–21.
  1474. Yeo, R.K.H. (2013) Green crested lizards mating. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 30–31.
  1475. Yeo, R.K.H. (2014) Beaded sea-snake at Changi Beach. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 50.
  1476. Yeo, R.K.H. (2019) A green iguana at the Botanic Gardens. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 38.
  1477. Yeo, S.H. (2013) Haas’s bronzeback at MacRitchie forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 113.
  1478. Yeong, C., Lee, P., Lim, J. & Quek, D. (2019) Attempted predation of Sunda colugo by a reticulated python. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2019, 7.
  1479. Yodthong, S., Stuart, B.L. & Aowphol, A. (2019) Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia. ZooKeys, 883, 119–153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.37544
  1480. Yong, D.L. (2017) Keel-bellied whip snake attacking flying dragon. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 102.
  1481. Yong, D.L. (2011) Eating aliens: diet of the grey-headed fish eagle Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus in Singapore. Forktail, 27, 102–104.
  1482. Yong, D.L., Fam, S.D. & Ng, J.J. (2008) Rediscovery of Duméril’s monitor, Varanus dumerilii (Varanidae) in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 1, 21–22.
  1483. Yong, D.L., Lee, B.P.Y.H., Ang, A. & Tan, K.H. (2010) The status on Singapore island of the Eurasian wild pig Sus scrofa (Mammalia: Suidae). Nature in Singapore, 3, 227­237.
  1484. Yong, D.L., Low, B.W., Ang, A., Woo, M. & Ho, C. (2014) Multiple records of aquatic alien and invasive species in diets of native predators in Singapore. BioInvasions Records, 3 (3), 201–205. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2014.3.3.11
  1485. Yong, K. (1990) On two species of softshell turtles native to Singapore, including a note on Lissemys punctata (Lacepede, 1788) (Reptilia: Testudines: Trionychidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 38 (1), 27–30.
  1486. Yuan, Z.Y., Suwannapoom, C., Yan, F., Poyarkov, N.A., Nguyen, S.N., Chen, H.M., Chomdej, S., Murphy, R.W. & Che, J. (2016) Red River barrier and Pleistocene climatic fuctuations shaped the genetic structure of Microhyla fissipes complex (Anura: Microhylidae) in southern China and Indochina. Current Zoology, 62 (6), 531–543. https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zow042
  1487. Yuen, P.H. & Fernando, C.H. (1967) On Acanthocephalus bufonis (Shipley) a common parasite of Malayan amphibians. Bulletin of the National Museum Singapore, 33, 91–93.
  1488. Zainudin, R., Nor, S.M., Ahmad, N., Md-Zain, B.M. & Rahman, M.A. (2010) Genetic structure of Hylarana erythraea (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) from Malaysia. Zoological Studies, 49 (5), 688–702.
  1489. Zaman, V. & Colley, F.C. (1975) Light and electron microscopic observations of the life cycle of Sarcocystis orientalis sp. n. in the rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the Malaysian reticulated python (Python reticulatus). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 47 (3), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00418200
  1490. Ziegler, T., Orlov, N.L., Giang, T.T., Truong, N.Q., Tao, N.T., Quyet, L.K., Nguyen, V.K. & Thanh, V.N. (2010) New records of cat snakes, Boiga Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata, Serpentes, Colubridae), from Vietnam, inclusive of an extended diagnosis of Boiga bourreti Tillack, Le & Ziegler (2004) Zoosystematics and Evolution, 86 (2), 263–274. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoos.201000009
  1491. Zhang, J. (2020) Cyclist calmly gives way to black spitting cobra in Jurong Lake Gardens. Mothership, 17 May 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/05/black-spitting-cobra-jurong-lake-gardens/ (accessed 17 May 2020)
  1492. Zhang X. & Thomas, N. (2017) Painted bronzeback attacking a four-lined tree frog. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 176.
  1493. Zhao, E.-M. & Adler, K. (1993) Herpetology of China. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Contributions to Herpetology, 10, 1–522, pls. 1–48.
  1494. Zheng, Z. (2017a) S’poreans team up to usher 32 critically-endangered turtle babies to the sea from East Coast Park. Mothership, 18 August 2017. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2017/08/sporeans-team-up-to-usher-32-critically-endangered-turtle-babies-to-the-sea-from-east-coast-park/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1495. Zheng, Z. (2017b) Critically-endangered Hawksbill mother turtle spotted visiting East Coast Park to lay eggs. Mothership, 24 August 2017. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2017/08/critically-endangered-hawksbill-mother-turtle-spotted-visiting-east-coast-park-to-lay-eggs/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1496. Zheng, Z. (2017c) 46 critically endangered Hawksbill turtle babies hatched at one of S’pore’s Southern Islands. Mothership, 2 November 2017. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2017/11/endangered-hawksbill-turtle-babies-hatched-singapore-southern-islands/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1497. Zheng, Z. & J. Tan (2017) Turtle found with shell “sliced into half” along Changi Beach, commenters say it was cut to eat. Mothership, 4 January 2017. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2017/01/turtle-found-with-shell-sliced-into-half-along-changi-beach-commenters-say-it-was-cut-to-eat/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1498. Zheng, Z. (2018a) Massive python visits Bukit Batok wet market but couldn’t finish eating dead rat. Mothership, 28 April 2018. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2018/04/python-bukit-batok/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1499. Zheng, Z. (2018b) Large reticulated python spotted chilling out in a drain at Jurong West. Mothership, 2 November 2018. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2018/11/reticulated-python-jurong-west-street-81/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1500. Zheng, Z. (2018c) Python kills community cat in Jurong West by constricting it to death. Mothership, 21 November 2018. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2018/11/python-kills-cat-jurong-west/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1501. Zheng, Z. (2018d) 50cm-long tapeworm found in roadkill python in S’pore looks remarkably like meepok. Mothership, 24 November 2018. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2018/11/meepok-tapeworm-python-singapore/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1502. Zheng, Z. (2019a) Cat-eating python in S’pore injured after heavy drain cover dumped on it causing fracture. Mothership, 22 January 2019. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2019/01/acres-python-eating-cat-injured/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1503. Zheng, Z. (2019b) AVA investigates pest control firm after 3-metre python at Orchard Road manhandled. Mothership, 30 January 2019. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2019/01/pest-control-ava-investigate-python/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1504. Zheng, Z. (2019c) Man who was bitten by Orchard Road python while handling it is recovering well. Mothership, 31 January 2019. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2019/01/orchard-road-python-man-bitten-anticimex/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1505. Zheng, Z. (2019d) AVA concludes pest control firm didn’t mishandle python at Orchard Road. Mothership, 20 February 2019. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2019/02/python-orchard-road-tang-plaza-ava-investigation/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1506. Zheng, Z. (2019e) Young Jurong West guy calmly subdues python with bamboo stick, successfully rescues auntie’s slipper. Mothership, 29 October 2019. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2019/10/python-jurong-west/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1507. Zheng, Z. (2020a) Beloved community cat ‘Garfield’ eaten by python in Redhill. Mothership, 19 August 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/08/python-eats-cat-redhill/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1508. Zheng, Z. (2020b) Wild python with bloated belly spotted at Blk 243 Hougang St 22 on May 5. Mothership, 8 May 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/05/hougang-python-may-5/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1509. Zheng, Z. (2020c) Critically endangered Hawksbill turtle lays eggs at East Coast Park on World Turtle Day. Mothership, 23 May 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/05/hawksbill-turtle-east-coast-park/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1510. Zheng, Z. (2020d) Critically endangered Hawksbill turtle arrives to nest at East Coast Park but fails to find a sweet spot. Mothership, 2 July 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/07/hawksbill-turtle-ecp/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1511. Zheng, Z. (2020e) Kayakers rescue sick, endangered Hawksbill turtle at Southern Islands in S’pore. Mothership, 3 August 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/08/sick-hawksbill-turtle-rescue/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1512. Zheng, Z. (2020f) Acres slams pest control for manhandling python at Jurong West with ‘total disregard for animal welfare’. Mothership, 10 September 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/09/pest-control-python-jurong-west/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1513. Zheng, Z. (2020g) Turtles with satellite tracker swim from S’pore to Riau, now feeding at Batam. Mothership, 13 December 2020. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2020/12/turtle-tracking-singapore-batam/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1514. Zheng, Z. (2021a) Passers-by catch a rare glimpse of python coiled in a ball on Jiak Kim Bridge. Mothership, 5 January 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/01/python-jiak-kim-bridge/ (accessed 14 January 2021)
  1515. Zheng, Z. (2021b) Spitting cobra & toad have intense staring contest at Lower Peirce Reservoir Park. Mothership, 23 March 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/03/toad-in-circle-cobra-lower-peirce/ (accessed 23 March 2021)
  1516. Zheng, Z. (2021c) Python rescued from drainage pipe at Senoko after 3.5-hour operation by Acres. Mothership, 3 October 2021. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2021/10/acres-rescuers-save-python-senoko/ (accessed 3 October 2021)
  1517. Zheng, Z. (2022a) Crocodile basks in sun in Choa Chu Kang canal while still as a floating log. Mothership, 18 May 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/05/crocodile-choa-chu-kang-canal/ (accessed 18 May 2022)
  1518. Zheng, Z. (2022b) ‘I thought it was a cockroach’: East Coast Park-goer rescues baby turtle heading in wrong direction. Mothership, 8 August 2022. Available from: https://mothership.sg/2022/08/lost-baby-turtle-east-coast-park/ (accessed 8 August 2022)
  1519. Zug, G.R. (2010) Speciation and dispersal in a low diversity taxon: the slender geckos Hemiphyllodactylus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 631, i–xi + 1–70. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.631
  1520. Zug, G.R. (2015) Morphology and systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a taxonomy of the genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian sticky frogs. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 62 (5), 135–190.
  1521. Zug, G.R., Gotte, S.W. & Jacobs, J.F. (2011) Pythons in Burma: Short-tailed python (Reptilia: Squamata). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 124 (2), 112–136.