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Gratiola officinalis L.

Gratiola officinalis L.

Species
ISFS : 193000
Checklist : 1021920
  1. Plantaginaceae
  2. Gratiola
  3. Gratiola officinalis L.

Synthesis

Species description (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

15-30 cm hoch, einfach oder verzweigt, kahl. Blätter gegenständig, schmal-lanzettlich, fein und scharf gezähnt, sitzend und teilweise umfassend. Blüten lang gestielt, einzeln in den Blattwinkeln. Krone blassrosa, mit gelber Röhre, weit offen-zweilippig, innen bärtig, ca. 1,5 cm lang. Kelch am Grund mit 2 lanzettlichen Vorblättern. Fruchtkapsel mit 4 Klappen aufspringend.

Flowering period (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

7-8

Habitat and distribution inside Switzerland (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Gräben, Teiche, Flachmoore / kollin-montan / TI, vereinzelt M

World distribution (© Flora Helvetica 2018)

Eurasiatisch

Ecological indicator (© Landolt & al. 2010)

4+w+43+344.g.2n=32

Status

IUCN status

 Vulnerable

National Priority

 4 - weak national priority

International responsibility

 1 - weak

Conservation

Threats


Sukzession; fehlende Dynamik, welche offene Stellen in Riedgebieten schafft (Überschwemmungen, extensive Beweidung, Befahren, Tritt, etc.)
Düngung, Eutrophierung
Konkurrenz, invasive Arten wie Goldruten und Adlerfarn
Nutzungsänderungen
Austrocknung, Entwässerung, Meliorationen
Verbuschung, Beschattung
Beweidung, Tritt, Erosion
Weg-, Strassenbau, Unterhalt, Überbauung

Distribution map

Simple

Before threshold year
After threshold year
Before and after threshold year

Advanced

Colors
Validated observations
Observations waiting for validation
Occurrences from Atlas Welten & Sutter (1982) and supplements (1984, 1994) without confirmation in the Info Flora database since
Symbols
Before threshold year
After threshold year
Native
Reintroduced
Not native / introduced / subspontaneous / escaped
Doubtful

Number of observations

Below the threshold number of observations
Above or equal the threshold number of observations

Habitat and distribution inside Switzerland

TI, vereinzelt M

World distribution

Eurasiatisch

Ecology

Life form

Geophyte

Habitats

Habitats © Delarze & al. 2015

Character species 2.3.1 - Pfeifengraswiese (Molinion)

bold Dominant species, influencing the appearance of the habitat
Character species Character species
Less strictly linked to a specific habitat Less strictly linked to a specific habitat

Ecological indicator values by © Landolt & al. (2010)

Soil factors Climatic factors Salinity tolerance
Humidity Value H 4+w+ Light Value L 3 Salinity Index 1
Reaction Value R 4 Temperature factor T 4
Nutriments value N 3 Continentality K 4
  • Ecological values legend
    Humidity Value H
    1very dry
    1+dry
    2moderatly dry
    2+moist
    3medium wet
    3+wet
    4very wet
    4+soggy
    5submerged or underwater
    fplants living in running water
    umostly submerged plants
    vpartly submerged, partly floating plants
    whumidity moderately variable (± scale of 1-2)
    w+highly variable humidity (scale exceeding ± 2)
    Reaction Value R
    1Very acid (pH 2.5-5.5)
    2acid (pH 3.5-6.5)
    3lightly acid to neutral (pH 4.5-7.5)
    4neutral to basic (pH 5.5-8.5)
    5basic (pH 6-5 -> 8.5
    Nutriments value N
    1very low in nutrients
    2low in nutriments
    3medium-poor to medium-rich in nutrients
    4rich in nutriments
    5very rich in nutriments
    Salinity tolerance
    1halotolerant
    3halophyle
    Light Value L
    1very shady
    2shady
    3lighted areas
    4luminous
    5highly luminous
    Temperature factor T
    1alpine to nival stages (from the treeline to the snowline)
    1+suprasubalpine and upper subalpine levels (pine and larch forests)
    2subalpine level (coniferous forests without beeches up to the upper limit of spruces)
    2+lower subalpine and upper mountain stages
    3mountain level (beech and silver fir forests, in the central Alps Scots pine forests)
    3+lower mountain and upper hill levels
    4hill level (mixed deciduous oak forests)
    4+hot places, hill level
    5very hot places, hill level (only in the hottest places, typical of southern Europe)
    Continentality K
    1Atlantic (high air humidity, very low temperature variations, mild winters)
    2Sub-Atlantic (high air humidity, low temperature variations, relatively mild winters)
    3sub-Atlantic to subcontinental (average air humidity, moderately variable temperature, slightly low winter temperatures)
    4subcontinental (low air humidity, large temperature variations, rather cold winters)
    5continental (very low air humidity, very large temperature variations, cold winters)

Water dependency

Rivers 1 - Secondary habitat
Calm water 1 - Secondary habitat
Ground water 0 - No link

Nomenclature

Accepted Name (Checklist 2017)

Gratiola officinalis L.

Vernacular name

Deutscher Name :

Gnadenkraut

Nom français :

Gratiole officinale

Nome italiano :

Graziella

Match with other reference books

Relation Nom Book No
=Gratiola officinalis L.Checklist 2017193000
=Gratiola officinalis L.Flora Helvetica 20011769
=Gratiola officinalis L.Flora Helvetica 20121656
=Gratiola officinalis L.Flora Helvetica 20181656
=Gratiola officinalis L.Index synonymique 1996193000
=Gratiola officinalis L.Landolt 19772601
=Gratiola officinalis L.Landolt 19912109
=Gratiola officinalis L.SISF/ISFS 2193000
=Gratiola officinalis L.Welten & Sutter 19821455
= The taxon corresponds to the accepted taxon (Checklist 2017)
< The taxon is included in the accepted taxon (Checklist 2017)
> The taxon includes (among others) also the accepted taxon (Checklist 2017)

Status

Native status

-

IUCN list of endangered species (© Walter & Gillett 1997) : No

Status on national Red List 2016

IUCN status:

 Vulnerable

Vulnerable

Additional information

IUCN criteria: C1; C2a(i)

Status on regional Red List 2019

Biogregraphic regions Status IUCN criteria
Jura (JU) RE
Mittelland (MP) ENC1; C2a(i)
Alpennordflanke (NA) RE
Alpensüdflanke (SA) VUC1; C2a(i)
Östliche Zentralalpen (EA) RE
Westliche Zentralalpen (WA) RE
  • Legend
    EXExtinct
    RERegionally Extinct
    CR(PE)Critically Endangered, Probably Extinct
    CRCritically Endangered
    ENEndangered
    VUVulnerable
    NTNear Threatened
    LCLeast Concern
    DDData Deficient
    NENot Evaluated
    NANot Applicable

National Priority Species List Status

National Priority 4 - weak national priority
Need to take action 2 -
International responsibility 1 - weak
Need to monitor populations 2 -

Protection status

International (Bern Convention) No
GEtotal protection (25.07.2007)
TGtotal protection (01.01.2018)
Switzerland --
VDtotal protection (02.03.2005)
TItotal protection (23.01.2013)
  • Disclaimer
    InfoFlora compiles information on protected species as accurately as possible, taking it from the respective cantonal laws. In some cases, however, it was not possible to use the plant names as listed in the original text, but an interpretation of their taxonomy or nomenclature was necessary. The exact meaning of the categories „completely protected“ and „partially protected“ differs among the cantons.

    InfoFlora cannot guarantee that the information on the protection status is correct and complete. In case of doubts, we recommend to look up the texts of the respective cantonal law.

Conservation

Threats and measures

Sukzession; fehlende Dynamik, welche offene Stellen in Riedgebieten schafft (Überschwemmungen, extensive Beweidung, Befahren, Tritt, etc.)


Bestehende, punktuelle Störungen beibehalten
offene, pionierartige Stellen in wechselnassen Riedwiesen gezielt fördern
wissenschaftlich begleitete Versuche mit extensiver Beweidung durch Rinder als Pflegemassnahme durchführen (sofern nicht andere stark gefährdete Arten betroffen sind)

Düngung, Eutrophierung


Pufferzonen vergrössern oder einrichten
Düngeverbot

Konkurrenz, invasive Arten wie Goldruten und Adlerfarn


Invasive Arten früh bekämpfen (evtl. von Hand)

Nutzungsänderungen


Bewirtschaftungsverträge
meist Beibehaltung der gegenwärtigen oder Wiedereinführung der früheren Nutzung
teils extensivieren

Austrocknung, Entwässerung, Meliorationen


Nur «sanfte» Meliorationen
der Austrocknung entgegenwirken
evtl. Aufstau, jedoch wechselfeuchten Charakter beibehalten
Renaturierungsmassnahmen

Verbuschung, Beschattung


Entbuschen
benachbarte, die Bestände beschattende Baumreihen oder Gehölze teilweise auslichten

Beweidung, Tritt, Erosion


Bei zu intensiver Beweidung extensivieren
leichte Beweidung jedoch beibehalten
evtl. lokal einzäunen

Weg-, Strassenbau, Unterhalt, Überbauung


Auf Fundstellen Rücksicht nehmen
anpassen von Projekten bereits bei der Planung

Ex situ material

In-situ measures

More informations

Conservation fact sheet (in german)R. Dickenmann & A. Keel, 2004: Aktionsplan Gratiola officinalisFachstelle Naturschutz Kt. Zürich & Topos, 2016: Anleitung zur Kultivierung Gratiola officinalis