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Endocrine, Stemness, Proliferative, and Proteolytic Properties of Alarm Cells in Ruby-Red-Fin Shark (Rainbow Shark), Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

Part of: Micrographia Collection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2021

Hanan H. Abd-Elhafeez Open the ORCID record for Hanan H. Abd-Elhafeez [Opens in a new window] ,
Soha A. Soliman Open the ORCID record for Soha A. Soliman [Opens in a new window] ,
Abdelraheim H. Attaai Open the ORCID record for Abdelraheim H. Attaai [Opens in a new window] ,
Sara S. Abdel-Hakeem Open the ORCID record for Sara S. Abdel-Hakeem [Opens in a new window] ,
Abeera M. El-Sayed Open the ORCID record for Abeera M. El-Sayed [Opens in a new window]  and
Alaa S. Abou-Elhamd Open the ORCID record for Alaa S. Abou-Elhamd [Opens in a new window]
Hanan H. Abd-Elhafeez*
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
Soha A. Soliman
Affiliation:
Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
Abdelraheim H. Attaai
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
Sara S. Abdel-Hakeem
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut71516, Egypt
Abeera M. El-Sayed
Affiliation:
Fellow, Sohag University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag82524, Egypt
Alaa S. Abou-Elhamd
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
*
*Corresponding author: Hanan H. Abd-Elhafeez, E-mail: hhnnzz91@aun.edu.eg
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Abstract

The current study investigated the morphological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics of alarm cells and their precursors in ruby-red-fin shark (rainbow shark), Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Precursor alarm cells were shown to be small, cuboidal, pyramidal, or round in shape, with eosinophilic cytoplasm, resting on the basement membrane of the epidermis. The cells later elongated to become columnar in shape. Subsequently, they enlarged and became large oval-shaped cells. They then underwent shrinkage and vacuolation. The superficial alarm cells were collapsed. Alarm cells were found to have an affinity for different histochemical stains, including bromophenol blue, iron hematoxylin, Sudan black, Mallory triple trichrome, Crossman's trichrome, Safranin O, and Weigert's stains, as well as lipase and alkaline phosphatase. Endocrine properties of the alarm cells were identified by silver staining and synaptophysin immunostaining. Alarm cells exhibited stemness activities and had a strong immunoaffinity for CD117. They had a proteolytic function, as identified by lysosome-specific staining with acridine orange and strong immunoaffinity for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9). They also exhibited proliferatively, reflected by immunological staining by proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In conclusion, alarm cells are unique epidermal cells with multiple functions. They play immunological, and endocrine, roles. They also retain stemness and proliferative properties.

Keywords

alarm cellCD117MMP9PCNAruby red-fin sharksynaptophysin
Type
Micrographia
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 27 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 1251 - 1264
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

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