World Journal of Zoology 15 (1): 01-09, 2020 ISSN 1817-3098 © IDOSI Publications, 2020 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjz.2020.01.09 A Checklist of Freshwater Prawn Species of the Palaemonidae Family in the Northwest Part of Bangladesh 1 Madhab Ray, 1Imran Hoshan, 1Imran Parvez and 2Krishna Chandra Roy 1 Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh 2 Department of Fisheries Management, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh Abstract: To formulate information on the freshwater prawn species and to identify any species at a glance clearly and simply a checklist of freshwater prawn species (Palaemonidae) collected from Northwest part of Bangladesh was prepared. A total of Sixty samples of freshwater prawn from the waterbody of Dinajpur, Rangpur and Thakurgoan districts of Bangladesh were collected and used. Samples were observed through six morphological characters namely body color, the number of chela, rostrum shape, rostrum teeth, abdomen shape, segments size of walking leg and eight morphometric characters i.e. Total length (TL), Rostrum length (RL), Cephalothorax length (CL), Cephalothorax height (CH), Second pleon segment height (SSH), Sixth pleon segment length (SISL), TeL (Telson length), TeW (Telson width). After observing the morphological and morphometric characters a total of six species were found to be different and identified by checking with previous literature. The identified species were Macrobrachium lanchesteri, M. palaemonides, M. lamarrei, M. idella, M. dolicodectylus and M. latidactylus. Although there was availability of M. resenbergii sometimes in the open water bodies of northwest Bangladesh but it was only during flooding season. This study synthesized a concise idea about the available freshwater prawn in Bangladesh. Several consecutive studies including DNA barcoding are needed to formulation exact information on the detail record of freshwater Palaemonid prawn in the waterbodies of Bangladesh. Key words: Checklist Prawn Macrobrachium Biodiversity are mostly freshwater species. Several studies on the biodiversity and taxonomy of palaemonid prawn had been conducted by De Man [4, 5], Chopra [6], Kunju [7], Kurian & Sebastian [8], Jayachandran [9]. The family contains more than 950 species under 137 genera and two subfamilies [10]. Jayachandran [9] recorded 75 species belonging to 8 genera of palaemonid prawns from India. Although different world wide survey, identification and classification of prawn and shrimp have been studied by many investigators, a little work has been done with this family in Bangladesh. A total of 62 prawn and shrimp were recorded from Bangladesh; of which 6 are fully freshwater species, 14 are both freshwater and brackish water species [11]. Cai and Ng [12] published a taxonomy on freshwater prawn. Moreover Cai and Shokita [13] has made a report on the collection of freshwater shrimp from Philippine. INTRODUCTION Crustaceans are diverse in form and live around the world in a variety of habitats and they are the most important to humans- as crabs, lobsters and shrimps are widely fished and consumed around the world. Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans that contains an exoskeleton and ten legs [1]. They are very much important crustaceans having palatable taste which are the major export item of Bangladesh with great market demand at home and abroad. Palaemonidae is a prawn family in the order Decapoda was noted by Rafinesque C. S. in 1815 [2] as Palaemonia [3]. It is one of the successfully diversified group of crustacean that are found in oceans, estuaries and rivers. But can be found mainly in fresh water habitats as they Corresponding Author: Imran Hoshan, Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh. 1 World J. Zool., 15 (1): 01-09, 2020 Raghunathan and Valurmathi [14] have been documented a checklist of freshwater prawns in Tamil Nadu, India. Mariappan and Jasmin [15] also have been made studies on freshwater prawns of Family Palaemonidae in Tamil Nadu India. Arumugam [16] recorded 24 species of freshwater prawns in Tamil Nadu, India. In Myanmar which is our neighboring country there are 8 species of palaemonidae prawn are found [17]. A species checklist reflects a precision by providing clarity at a glance clearly and simply. To gather knowledge about freshwater prawns, researchers need the updated checklist of Palaemonidae family. But in Bangladesh the studies on freshwater prawn under Palaemonidae family is very little and most of the prawn cannot be identified due to lack of checklist. Therefore this study aimed to identify the available freshwater prawns of Northwest Bangladesh through morphological identification based on available literature. (the Teesta river-latitude 25°47´17.3´´ North and longitude 89°26´21.9´´ East), (the Jamuneshwari river- latitude 25°40´34.2´´ North and longitude 89°03´43.0´´ East), (the Tangon river- latitude 25°49´32.8´´ North and longitude 88°23´07.5´´ East) and (the Kulic river- latitude 25°53´22.6´´ North and longitude 88°16´11.5´´ East) respectively from three districts (Figure 1). For study purpose collected samples were sorted out and photographs of the specimen were taken by using Nikon d3300 DSLR camera. Ten representative specimens of each individual were selected after and finally preserved in 70% Ethanol. Each specimens were then measured and then carefully preserved for further studies. Morphometric and Morphological Observation: Six morphological characters viz. body color, number of chela, rostrum shape, rostrum teeth, abdomen shape and segments size of walking leg were observed and used to identifying species. eight morphometric characters i.e. Total length (TL), Rostrum length (RL), Cephalothorax length (CL), Cephalothorax height (CH), Second pleon segment height (SSH), Sixth pleon segment length (SISL), TeL (Telson length), TeW (Telson width) of the specimen were measured by using slide-calipers, normal centimeter scale, compus and forceps. The mophometric and morphological observation were conducted based on the Dineshbabu et al. [18] (Figure 2). The observed taxonomic characters were then checked and identified according to Cai and Ng [12] and Mar and Myint [17]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimen collection and preservation The study was conducted for a period of one year effected from July-2018 to June-2019. Prawn samples were collected bimonthly from the fishermen of the three districts (Dinajpur, Rangpur, Thakurgon) of northern region of Bangladesh. Two rivers from each district (the Punarbhaba river-latitude 25°36´34.9´´ North and longitude 88°37´32.6´´ East), (the Atrai river-latitude 25°36´46.4´´ North and longitude 88°41´58.0´´ East), Fig. 1: Location of the sample collecting site in the northwestern Bangladesh K- Kulik river; t- Tangan river; P- Punarbhaba river; A- Atrai river; J- Jamuneswari river and T- Teesta river 2 World J. Zool., 15 (1): 01-09, 2020 Fig. 2: Morphometric characters of Prawn Total length (TL), Rostrum length (RL), Cephalothorax length (CL), Cephalothorax height (CH), Second pleon segment height (SSH), Sixth pleon segment length (SISL), TeL (Telson length), TeW (Telson width). The scientific naming of each species was based on current valid names with the WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species) [19], GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) [20] and IRMNG (Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera) [21] database for taxonomic status (accepted/status unknown, synonyms, alternate representations etc.). Taxonomic hierarchy drawing was according to ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System) [22]. as research articles [7, 9, 10, 12,15, 23, 24], monographs [16, 17, 25], manuals [3], books [1, 5, 10, 17], species checklists [3, 14, 16, 27, 28] and technical reports [11]. RESULTS Based on morphometric and morphological observation and cross reviewing with available literature a total of six freshwater prawn species under genus Macrobrachium were recorded in this study (Table 1 and Figure 3-7). Details of all the recorded species are shown in Table 2. Checklist Preparation: Preparation of the checklist was based on the information from available literature such Table 1: Recorded freshwater prawn species in the northwestern Bangladesh SL No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Species recorded Macrobrachium lanchesteri (De Man, 1911) Macrobrachium palaemonoides (Holthuis, 1950) Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Miline -Edwards, 1837) Macrobrachium idella (Holigendorf, 1898) Macrobrachium dolichodactylus (Hilgendorf, 1879) Macrobrachium latidactylus (Thallwitz, 1891) Systematic Position: Kingdom: Animalia Sub-kingdom: Bilateria Infra-kingdom:Protostomia Super-phylum: Ecdysozoa Phylum : Arthropoda Sub-Phylum : Crustacea Brünnich, 1772 Class: Malacostraca Latreille, 1802 Sub-class: Eumalacostraca Grobben, 1892 Super-order: Eucarida Calman, 1904 Order: Decapoda Latreille, 1803 Sub-order: Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963 Infra-order: Caridea Dana, 1852 3 World J. Zool., 15 (1): 01-09, 2020 Super-family: Palaemonoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Family: Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815 Sub-family: Palaemoninae Rafinesque, 1815 Genus: Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 Species: M. lanchesteri (De Man, 1911) M. palaemonoides (Holthuis, 1950) M. lamarrei (H. Miline -Edwards, 1837) M. idella (Holigendorf, 1898) M. dolichodactylus (Hilgendorf, 1879) M. latidactylus (Thallwitz, 1891) The result indicates the availability of only six fully freshwater prawn of Palaemonidae family. It was also found that M. rosenbergii was available sometimes in the study area but this was during the period of flooding. Among the six species only M. lanchesteri and M. lamarrei were most available species from all the locations. M. palaemonoides was available from almost all of the locations except the Teesta river. M. idella was unavailable in the Jamuneswari and Kulic river in contrast to M. dolichodactylus which was not found in Tangan and Kulic river. The M. latidactylus was the only species that available in the Punarbhaba river, Dinajpur. According to IUCN Red List [29] five of the recorded species namely M. lanchesteri, M. lamarrei, M. idella, M. dolichodactylus and M. latidactylus are categorized as least concern (LC). The status of M. palaemonoides falls into not evaluated (NE) category according to Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) [30]. Abdominal Pleon Segments: Second abdominal Segments Height (SSH) was around 1.25 times higher than the Sixth abdominal Segments Length (SISL). 1. Macrobrachium lanchesteri (De Man, 1911) (Figure 3) Synonyms: Cryphiops lanchesteri (De Man, 1911) Palaemon lanchesteri De Man, 1911 Palaemon paucidens Lanchester, 1901 Cephalothorax: 1.6 times longer than its height. Telson: Telson slender, 3 times longer than wide. 2. Macrobrachium palaemonoides (Holthuis, 1950) (Figure 4) Synonyms: Tenuipedium palaemonoides (Holthuis, 1950) Body Color: Body color is deep blackish Rostrum: Elongated and curved upward; 4.2 times shorter than total length. Upper margin with 7 teeth, lower margin with 6 teeth; 2 to 3 teeth of the upper margin of rostrum behind the orbit. Rostral Formula: 2-3(3) +7-8(7)/5-7(6) Second Periopods: Second pair is much larger and thicker than first pair; carpus is longer than chela and 1.5 times longer than merus. Chela slightly longer than merus. Body Color: Body color is whitish-grey. Abdominal Pleon segments: Second abdominal Segments Height (SSH) was 1.3 times higher than the Sixth abdominal Segments Length (SISL). Rostrum: Straight, long and anteriorly slight upturned; 5.8 times shorter than total length. Upper margin with 7 to 8 teeth; lower margin with 3 teeth; 2 teeth of the upper margin of rostrum behind the orbit. Telson: Telson slender and 3.6 times longer than wide. 3. Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Miline Edwards, 1837) (Figure 5) Synonyms: Palaemon lamarrei H.Milne-Edwards, 1837 Rostral Formula: 4-6(5) +2/3-4(3) Cephalothorax: 1.6 times longer than its height. Sub Species: Macrobrachium lamarrei lamarroides (Tiwari, 1952) Macrobrachium lamarrei lamarrei (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) Second Periopods: Chela is shorter than carpus but longer than merus; carpus is 1.4 times longer than merus. 4 World J. Zool., 15 (1): 01-09, 2020 Body Color: Body color is Whitish-Grey with black spot throughout the body. 5. Macrobrachium dolichodactylus (Hilgendorf, 1879) (Figure 7) Synonym: Macrobrachium scabriculum (Heller, 1862) Rostrum: Elongated and slightly curved upward; 4.7 times shorter than total length. Upper margin with 7 to 8 teeth; lower margin with 6 to 8 teeth; 3 teeth of the upper margin of rostrum behind the orbit. Body Color: Body color is blackish with black spot on the body. Rostrum: Elongated and curved upward; 4.8 times shorter than total length; upper margin with 6 to 9 teeth, lower margin with 5 to 8 teeth; 2-3 teeth of the upper margin of rostrum behind the orbit. Rostral Formula: 4-5(4) +3-4(3)/6-8(7) Cephalothorax: 1.6 times longer than its height. Second Periopods: chela 1.35 times longer than carpus and 1.7 times than merus; carpus is 1.2 times longer than merus. Rostral Formula: 4-6(4) +2-4(3)/6-8(6) Abdominal Pleon segments: Second abdominal Segments Height (SSH) was around 1.5 times higher than the Sixth abdominal Segments Length (SISL). Second Periopods: Chela is longer than carpus and merus; carpus is longer than merus. Cephalothorax: 1.6 times longer than its height. Abdominal Pleon segments: Second abdominal Segments Height (SSH) was around 1.8 times higher than the Sixth abdominal Segments Length (SISL). Telson Structure: Slightly broader and 3.3 times longer than wide. Telson Structure: Slender and 2.7 times longer than wide. 4. Macrobrachium idella (Holigendorf, 1898) (Figure 6) Sub Species: Macrobrachium idella georgii (Jayachandran & Joseph 1985) 6. Macrobrachium latidactylus (Thallwitz, 1891) (Figure 8) Synonym: Palaemon endehensis De Man, 1892 Palaemon lampropus De Man, 1892 Palaemon latidactylus Thallwitz, 1891 Macrobrachium idella idella (Hilgendorf 1898) Body Color: Body color is blackish with black spot at anterior and posterior portion Body Color: Body color is greyish-green Rostrum: Elongated and curved upward; 4.3 times shorter than total length. Upper margin with 7 to 9 teeth; lower margin with 5-8 teeth; 2 to 4 teeth of the upper margin of rostrum behind the orbit. Rostrum: Long and curved upward at anterior portion; 4 times shorter than total length; upper margin with 10 to 11 teeth, lower margin with 4-5 teeth; 2 to 3 teeth of the upper margin of rostrum behind the orbit. Rostral Formula: 4-5(4) +3-4(3)/6-8(6) Rostral Formula: 8-9(8) +2-3(3)/4-5(5) Cephalothorax: 1.7 times longer than its height. Cephalothorax: 1.6 times longer than its height. Second Periopods: Carpus is longer than chela and merus; chela is slightly longer than merus. Periopods: Chela is longer than carpus, carpus is longer than merus. Abdominal Pleon segments: Second abdominal Segments Height (SSH) was around 1.3 times higher than the Sixth abdominal Segments Length (SISL). Abdominal Pleon segments: Second abdominal Segments Height (SSH) was around 1.45 times higher than the Sixth abdominal Segments Length (SISL). Telson Structure: Slender and 3.3 times longer than wide. Telson Structure: Slender and 2.7 times longer than wide. 5 World J. Zool., 15 (1): 01-09, 2020 Fig. 2: Left view of M. lanchesteri Fig. 3: Left view of M. palaemonoides Fig. 4: Left view of M. lamarrei Fig. 5: Left view of M. idella Fig. 6: Left view of M. dolichodactylus Fig. 7: Left view of M. latidactylus Table 2: The available prawn species at different locations (‘+’ indicates presence and ‘-’indicates absence of species) Species Common Name Local Name M. lanchesteri Riceland prawn/ Glass Shrimp Kuncho river prawn Slender river prawn Goda river prawn Sissor river prawn Dhonua Chingri *LC + + + + + + Gura Chingri Chikna Chingri - **NE LC *LC *LC *LC + + + + + + + + + - + + + - + + + - + + + - + + - M. palaemonoides M. lamarrei M. idella M. dolichodactylus M. latidactylus Threatened Status Presence and absence of species at different river ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Punarbhaba Atrai Teesta Jamuneshwari Tangon Kulic *Source IUCN Red List, 2020 ** Source GBIF on the fauna of shrimps and prawns have been intermittent and literature on the freshwater crustaceans of Bangladesh is rather scanty which makes it difficult to assess the exact number and types of the prawn. Although our neighboring countries have quite enough DISCUSSION Prawn constitutes a much important export commodity in Bangladesh with a total production of 4.381 million MT in Fiscal year 2018-19 [31]. But investigations 6 World J. Zool., 15 (1): 01-09, 2020 information on the shrimps and prawns fauna of fresh and brackish water, there is little information about the palaemonid prawn of Bangladesh. Of the 62 numbers of prawn and shrimp species in Bangladesh 6 are fully fresh water species, 14 are both freshwater and brackish water species [11]. Mar and Myint [17] described eight species of palemonid prawns from Magway Environs of neighboring country Myanmar namely M. aemulum, M. cavernicola, M. clymene, M. lamarrei, M. lanchesteri, M. latidactylus, M. palaemonoides, M. rosenbergii. In this study, six species of freshwater prawn under palemonidae family namely M. lanchesteri, M. palaemonoides, M. lamarrei, M. idella, M. dolichodactylus and M. latidactylus were recorded from the Northern region of Bangladesh. Jayachandran et al. [32] divided the genus Macrobrachium into two subgenera; the subgenus Macrobrachium are those species which have equal or subequal chelae in second pair of pereiopods and the subgenus Allobrachium have unequal chelae. In the present work, In M. latidactylus the second pairs of pereiopods are distinctly unequal while in other species are found to be equal in shaped and their length in this study. The most important characters to identify the freshwater prawn species are armature of rostrum, number of dorsal and ventral rostral teeth, proportion of rostrum, size and proportion of the carpus, merus and dactylus of second pereiopod and proportion of the length of telson and inner spine of telson [25]. In all the six species, there are differences not only in the shape of the rostrum but also in the proportion of carpus and merus; carpus of the second pereiopod is generally longer than chela and merus in M. lanchesteri, M. palaemonoides, M. idella, but in M. dolichodactylus, M. latidactylus and M. lamarrei chela of the second pereiopod is generally longer than carpus and merus. And there are also significant differences in rostrum size, rostrum teeth. Cai and Ng [12] recorded M. Lenchesteri with straight and slightly upturned Rostrum and having 6-7 upper and 3-4 lower teeth with carpus of second pereiopod usually longer than chela and very slender telson which are much similar to present findings. Mar and Myint [17] found freshwater Palaemonid prawns from Magway Environs, Myanmer with very much similar findings. Collection of prawn is quiet difficult task as the availability of prawn depends on certain season. Furthermore different species is available at different time that makes the task rather tedious and laborious. M. lamarrei the more common species among the six species found in the present study. Raghunathan and Valarmathi [24] reported five species of Macrobrachium along with M. lamarrei others were M. malcolmsonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1844), M. peguense (Tiwari, 1952) M. scabriculum (Heller, 1952) M.unikarnatakae lalihal et al., 1988. Cai & Ng [12] described freshwater palaemonid prawns of Myanmar having M. lamarrei in common. The availability of M. latidactylus among the six palaemonid species found in this study was scanty although the IUCN status of the species is Least Concern and was only available in the Punarbhaba river of Dinajpur district. The possible cause of the availability was the Punarbhaba is a tributaries of the river Ganges. For the maintenance and management of fisheries biodiversity of Bangladesh accurate and continuous updating of data on the fish as well as prawn species is a time demand. The checklist of these obtained species was prepared on the basis of applying the idea developed from literature. According to our result, it can be easily said that the number of species of palemonid prawns in whole Bangladesh would be above six. Although identification of the freshwater prawn under palemonidae family is quite difficult due to great morphological variations, further studies on freshwater prawn is needed in whole country. Molecular studies can be a sophisticated tool to identify ambiguous species properly in order to append the list of palaemonid species in Bangladesh more authentically. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are highly grateful to the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh for providing fund through the National Science and Technology (NST) fellowship to conduct the research. We also thankful to Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh for providing structural facilities. REFERENCES 1. 2. 7 Calman, W. T., 1911. "Crustacea. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 (11th eddition). Cambridge University Press, pp: 552. Rafinesque, C.S., 1815. Analyse de la Nature ou Tableau de I’Univers et des corps Organises: 1-224. Palerme. World J. Zool., 15 (1): 01-09, 2020 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Holthuis, L.B., 1980. Shrimps and prawns of the world: an annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 125(1): xvii+271. De Man, J.G., 1908b. 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