IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 3, Issue 3 (May. - Jun. 2013), PP 24-28
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Induced Breeding of Fresh Water Angelfish
(Pterophyllum Scalare) Using Ova prim
N.R.Chatterjee1, Samiran Patra2 and N.A.Talwar3
1, 2
(Department of Aquaculture., Faculty of Fishery Sciences, India)3 (Department of Fishery Engineering,
Faculty of Fishery Sciences, India) West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences 5, Budherhat Road,
Panchasayar, Kolkata – 700 094
Abstract: Induced spawning experiments on fresh water angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare was carried out for
the first time using Ovaprim (sGnRH+ Domperidone). The optimum dose of Ovaprim (0.35ml/kg of body
weight) was standardized based on three experiments, viz., fecundity (relative fecundity) at different doses (r = 0.94; p< 0.01, n = 6), response time (hrs) at various doses and fertilization rate (r = -0.69; p< 0.01; n = 6) at
different doses. Maximum fecundity (665.66) obtained at the dose of 0.35ml/kg of body weight and a significant
relation was observed between doses and response time (hrs.) of spawning at 1% level (F = 189.14; p< 0.01; n
= 6). Lower breeding response time recorded at this dose.
Keywords: Angelfish, Induced breeding, Fecundity, Fertilization rate and Response time
I.
Introduction
Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) native to Amazon region of South America is a cichlid fish and fetch
a great demand due to its beauty, reproductive capacity & adaptability to captivity, as also, the economic
potential of this species is also very high. Tropical fish like P. Scalare is new species for aquaculture and is used
for hobbies and marketed all over the world.
The environs of India offer vast scope for trapping both fresh water and marine ornamental fish
resources, but due to the lack of adequate infrastructure and key inputs like appropriate feed and quality brood
stock, these breeding units are not in a position to produce varieties, which are in demand in the international
market. The favorable climatic condition, availability of work force required for collection, ease of breeding and
rearing, high market demand are the factors that plays an important role to invite people from different sectors
opt for culture and propagation of this particular species. In West Bengal, a persistent job and income oriented
drift from villages and urban areas resulted in overcrowding in cities and subsequent loss of work force in rural
areas (Roy, 1994). In such condition, breeding and culture of ornamental fish may be an additional source of
income for the rural mass. Breeding and culture of ornamental fish is a highly lucrative venture that can be an
attractive alternative to check such migration (Das, 2003; Chattopadhyay, 2003)
II. Materials & Methods:
2.1. Induced breeding:
After selection of healthy mature brooders they were maintained in spawning tank. Only female fish
were injected according to their weight. The materials required for injection, included Ovaprim, Insulin syringe
(1ml capacity, 40 divisions), Nylon cloth net, Distilled water, and two 250ml size beakers. In the present study
the weight of female varied between 12-15 g (average 13.96 g). As, the Ovaprim requirement was very low and
as the prepared amount was very difficult to measure, so a very low dilution of Ovaprim using distilled water
was injected. The water parameters of the both rain water and bore well water were
2.2. Calculation of Ovaprim dose (ml/ kg of body weight).
Syringe of 1ml capacity having 40 divisions i.e., each unit measures 0.025 ml capacity was selected for
convenience. So, 1 unit of Ovaprim is equals to 0.025 ml. After taking 1 unit Ovaprim, distilled water was
added to make the volume 10 units in the same syringe. Now the concentration of Ovaprim became 0.0025ml in
each unit of the syringe i.e., injection of one unit of diluted Ovaprim will contain 0.0025ml of Ovaprim suitable
for 5gm female.
Calculation at a glance
Syringe capacity = 1 ml ;
Total no. of divisions in syringe = 40
Each unit capacity = 1/40 = 0.025 ml
So, one unit Ovaprim diluted to10 times= 0.0025 ml Ovaprim/unit.
For example,
Weight of fish: 12 gm
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Induced Breeding Of Fresh Water Angelfish
Recommended dose for injecting Ovaprim is 0.5 ml/kg body weight of fish
Ovaprim required = 12(0.5/1000) = 0.006 ml
Unit required to inject = 0.006 /0.0025 = 2.4 unit
After taking 1 unit of Ovaprim in syringe it is diluted 10 times with distilled water. Ovaprim requirement was
calculated on the basis of the weight of female fish. Ovaprim was injected intramuscularly in between dorsal fin
and lateral line and the injected fish released immediately in to the spawning tank. The breeding activities of
both the sexes were noted throughout the breeding period.
Experiment 1: Standardization of Ovaprim doses (ml/ kg of body weight).
Different dosages of ovaprim tested:
1) 0.55ml/Kg body weight, 2) 0.5ml/Kg body weight, 3) 0.45 ml/Kg body weight, 4) 0.4 ml/Kg body
weight, 5) 0.35ml/Kg body weight, 6)0.3ml/Kg body weight,7)0.25 ml/Kg body weight.
The different doses as mentioned yielded different results and the optimum dose was determined based
on the three experiments.
1. Fecundity at different doses.
2. Latency period (hrs) with doses.
3. Fertilization rate (%) in different doses.
Statistical methods used
All the recorded data and observation were processed and analyzed keeping in view the objectives of the
study. The following statistical methods were used in the study: Student’s t test (Student’s t-test,
Fisher/Snedecor’s F tests were used to identify differences between treatments) Correlation (Pearson’s
correlation was used). Statistical tests were performed with MS-Excel software using analysis of variance.
Fig. 1 Pair selection
Fig.3 Ovaprim taking into insulin syringe
Fig. 2 Taking of fish weight by using Electronic balance.
Fig.4 Intramuscular Ovaprim Injection to
female
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Induced Breeding Of Fresh Water Angelfish
Fig.5 Male and female introduced into
spawning tank after injection.
Fig.6 Eggs on plastic scale
III.
Result
Induced breeding
3.1. Dose standardization of process:
The optimum dose of Ovaprim was standardized on the basis of three experiments, i.e.,
3.1.1
Fecundity in different doses.
3.1.2
Response time (hrs) with doses.
3.1.3.
Fertilization rate (%) in different doses.
3.1.1. Relation between fecundity (No. of eggs) and doses (ml/kg of body weight).
It was observed that, fecundity varied with different doses of Ovaprim (Table 1). The highest and lowest no. of
eggs was 665.66 and 30.66 obtained at dose 0.35 and 0.5 ml/kg of body weight. A negative correlation was
observed between relative fecundity and doses significant at 1% level significance (r = -0.94; p< 0.01, n = 6).
There was negative linear relation between relative fecundity and doses show in Fig7.
Fecundity (No. of eggs)
Fecundity
Poly. (Fecundity)
700
600
500
y = -7428.9x 2 + 2528.4x + 565.12
R2 = 0.8914
400
300
200
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Doses (ml/ kg of body weight
Fig. 7: Correlation between Relative fecundity and doses (ml/kg of body weight).
Table 1: Relation between fecundity (Average fecundity) and doses (ml/kg of body weight; n=6)
Doses (ml/kg body weight)
Average fecundity (No. of eggs)
0.55
00.00
0.5
30.66
0.45
84.33
0.4
379.33
0.35
665.66
0.3
593.66
3.1.2. Relation between response time of spawning (hr) and doses of Ovaprim (ml/kg of body weight).
In this experiment, it was observed that response time was varied with different doses of Ovaprim
(ml/kg of body weight) in Table 2. A significant relation was observed between doses and response time (hrs.)
of spawning at 1% level (F = 189.14; p<0.01; n = 6). Response time was minimum @ 0.40 ml/ kg of body
weight and maximum time required @ 0.5 ml/ kg of body weight and at 0.55 ml/kg of body weight there was no
spawning occurred in angelfish in Fig. 8.
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Induced Breeding Of Fresh Water Angelfish
Responce time (hr)
Doses
Response time
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
No. of observations
Fig.8 Relation between spawning response (hr) at different doses (ml/kg of body weight)
Table 2: Relation between spawning response time with doses of Ovaprim.
Doses of Ovaprim
(ml/kg of body weight)
Average
response time
(hr)
0.55
0
0.5
10
0.45
8.2
0.4
6
0.35
6.65
0.3
7.5
0.25
8.6
Characters
Highly stressed
Settled down to the bottom
Slow movement of fins.
No breeding was found.
Within few hours males separated from
females. Male cannot fertilize the eggs.
Abnormal behavior was observed
Come to the bottom, tilting, slow movement
of fins, and stressed.
Low fertilization rate was very less (%)
Abnormal behavior was found.
Come to corner of the aquarium.
Dorsal and anal fin closed.
Slow movement of female.
When female introduced to the breeding tank
male comes to the female, pushing them but
no response from female.
Lower fertilization rate (%)
Moderate fertilization.
Large no of eggs are released within few
seconds.
High fertilization rate (%)
High fecundity
Complete spawning
Fertilization rate reduced
Low fertilization rate (%), less fecundity
Fertilization rate (%)
3.1.3. Relation between fertilization rate (%) and doses (ml/kg of body weight).
It was found that fertilization rate (%) was varied from dose to dose. The highest (95%) and lowest
(43%) fertilization rate were obtained at dose of 0.35 (ml/kg of body weight) and 0.5 (ml/kg of body weight)
respectively in Table 5. A negative correlation was found between fertilization rate (%) and doses (ml/kg of
body weight) at 1% significant level (r = -0.69; p<0.01; n = 6). Fertilization rate (%) was increased and
decreased above or below the optimum level of Ovaprim dose (ml/kg of body weight) in Fig. 9.
y = -2407.1x 2 + 1725.9x - 218
R2 = 0.9629
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
Doses (ml/ kg of body weight)
Fig.9 Correlation between fertilization rate (%) and doses (ml/ kg of body weight).
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Induced Breeding Of Fresh Water Angelfish
Table 3: Relation between fertilization rate (%) and doses.
Doses (ml/kg of body weight)
Fertilization rate (%)
0.55
0.5
00
43
0.45
74
0.4
81
0.35
0.3
0.25
95
84
62
3.1.4. Standard dose of Ovaprim for angelfish breeding.
The recommended dose of Ovaprim is @ 0.5 ml/kg of body weight. Different dosages of Ovaprim
were tested: 1) 0.55ml/Kg body weight, 2) 0.5ml/Kg body weight 3) 0.45 ml/Kg body weight, 4) 0.4 ml/Kg
body weight, 5) 0.35ml/Kg body weight6) 0.3 ml/Kg body weight and 7) 0.25 ml/Kg body weight.
For the standardization of Ovaprim dose for induced breeding were followed the three experiments, i.e., relation
between relative fecundity and doses, response time (hrs.) and doses and the fertilization rate (%). The
differences in results were obtained. On the basis of three experiments got the maximum fecundity, less
response time (hrs.), and higher fertilization rate (%) in 0.35ml/kg of body weight in Table 3,4 and 5.
IV. Discussion:
Determination of minimum effective dosage (MED) of Ovaprim:
It was observed that hatching rate (%) varied from rainwater to bore-well water. During this study, a
negatively significant relation between fecundity and fertilization rate (%) with ovaprim doses (Table-4.5,
Table-4.7) at 1% level significance was found. There was inverse linear relation between fecundity and
fertilization rate (%) with different doses (Fig. 4.6 and Fig.4.8).
It was observed that, response time of spawning was varied with different doses of ovaprim and there
was a significant correlation between them (Table-4.6, Fig. 6). After different doses (ml/kg of body weight) of
Ovaprim injection, breeding behavior of angelfish was observed in laboratory condition (Table 4). At higher
doses (0.55 and 0.5 ml/kg of body weight) spawning response time was higher, fertilization rate was lower. Few
number of eggs were laid in the dose @ 0.5 ml/kg of Ovaprim. But, it was observed that complete spawning
occurred at the dose @ 0.35 ml/kg of body weight. Das et al., (1994) injected 0.35 ml/kg of body weight of a
mature female’s tawes (Puntius javanicus) and get better spawning within 4-5 hrs. Fish spawned within 6.65
hours (Average spawning time) after the injection. A single dose of Ovaprim yielding about 665.66 eggs (n=3)
and fertilization rate was higher (95%). So, the ideal dose of ovaprim was 0.35 ml/kg of body weight for
angelfish. Similar results of successful spawning through a single dose of Ovaprim have been reported in several
carp species in India (Nandeesha et al. 1990; Das et al. 1994). Nandeesha et al., (1990), (1993); Alok et al.,
(1993) observed that fertilization rate (%) and hatching rate (%) increased using Ovaprim. The highest
percentage of fertilization (95-98%) was observed in ovaprim-injected C. striatus. Azad and Shimray (1991)
was observed 90% fertilization in mrigal, injected with ovaprim. Nayak, P.K.; Mishra, T.K.; Singh B.N; Pandey,
A.K. and Das, R.C., (2001) reported that reported that use of Ovaprim cause increase in fertilization and
hatching rate (%) of eggs in Heteropneustes fossilis.
References:
[1]. Alok D., T. Krishnan, G.P. Talwar, L.C. Garg., 1993. Induced spawning of catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), using D-Lys super
(6) salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analog. Aquaculture 115, 159-167.
[2]. Azad, I.S. and D.K. Shimray., 1991. First success in induced breeding of Indian and exotic carps in Manipur using Ovaprim-c. Fishing
Chimes. 10, 28-29.
[3]. Chattopadhyay, N.R., 2003. Breeding of ornamental fish (Egg layer). In: Compendium on ornamental fish farming (state level
collaboration training course), Directorate of Extension, Ministry of Agriculture; WBUAFS, PP-46.
[4]. Das, R.N., 2003. Ornamental fish breeding cum rearing. In: Compendium on ornamental fish farming (state level collaboration training
course), Directorate of Extension, Ministry of Agriculture; WBUAFS, PP. 43-45.
[5]. Das, S.K., Bhattacharjya, B.K. and Sarma, K., 1994. Induced spawning and hatching of Tawes, Puntius javanicus (Bleeker).
[6]. Nandeesha, M.C., Rao, K.G., Jayanna, R. N., Parker, N.C., Varghese, T.G., Keshavanath, P., and Shetty, H.P.C., 1990. Induced
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[7]. Nayak, P.K.; Mishra, T.K.; Singh B.N; Pandey, A.K. and Das, R.C., 2001. Induced maturation and ovulation in Heteropneustes fossilis
by using LHRHa, pimozide and Ovaprim for production of quality eggs and larvae. Indian J.Fish. 48 (3), 269-275.
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