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Semelhante a Amoco cadiz oil spill
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Amoco cadiz oil spill
- 2. The Amoco Cadiz was a very large crude carrier(supertanker) under the Liberian flag of convenience owned by an American company Amoco; a global chemical and oil company that was founded in 1889 in Indiana, United States. The tanker had departed from the Persian Gulf and was en route to Rotterdam, Netherlands with one schedule stop at Lyme Bay, England with a cargo of 1.6 millon barrels of light crude oil worth over 40 milllon (USD).
- 5. What happen ed? When the vessel entered the English channel, on the 16th of March, the weather conditions were really bad. Inclement weather conditions wrecked the vessel’s steerage equipment completely, preventing its maneuvering in the water. The crew attempted to repair the rudder, but the damage was too severe. The Cadiz notified other vessels to standby and later requested a tug around 11:20am, and though tugging vessels, were prompt to respond, the continuing rough weather forestalled the tugging operations at the earliest. The resultant delay caused the oil tanker to further adrift near to the shore line, compounding the problems.
- 6. All day and even throughout the night, the rescue team attempted to fix the situation. The crew was rescued by French Naval Aviation Helicopters at midnight, but a few crew members including the captain decided to stay behind. However, at around 10am the next morning, the vessel broke into two, releasing the entire cargo of 1.6 million barrels (250,000 m3) of oil, and broke again eleven days later from the buffeting of high stormy seas. Severe weather resulted in the complete breakup of the ship before any oil could be pumped out of the wreck, resulting in its entire cargo of crude oil and 4,000 tons of fuel oil being spilled into the sea. No crew person lost his life though the captain undertaking his responsibility monitored the condition in situ, till he was suitably discharged from his captaincy duties.
- 9. After effect s…. The resulting oil spill from the Amoco Cadiz was the largest to that date. A 12 mile slick formed and washed ashore onto 45 mile stretch of the French shoreline. The nature of the oil and rough seas contributed to the rapid formation of a "chocolate mousse" emulsification of oil and water. More than 20,000 birds perished and the local marine life wad deeply impacted. Mortalities of most animals occurred over the two months following the spill. Two weeks following the accident, millions of dead molluscs, sea urchins, and other bottom dwelling organisms washed ashore. Diving birds constituted the majority of the nearly 20,000 dead birds that were recovered. The oyster mortality from the spill was estimated at 9,000 tons. Fishermen in the area caught fish with skin ulcerations and tumors. Alongside it was also observed that the reproductive cycle and the ability of various fauna was damaged extensively, which caused grave concerns about the oil spillage accident. Fishing activities took a huge hit as most of the caught fishes either showed symptoms of extensive health damage or were already dead because of the extensiveness of the oil contamination.
- 10. Initiativ es to clean up Government efforts were only able to recover some 20,000 tons of oil. By May, cleanup process remained slow-moving. Six thousand French soldiers continued to clean tar from the beaches and bays two months after the spill. Thousands of volunteers who came to help were encouraged to leave due to difficulties of organization and lodging. French soldiers were still searching coastlines for oil four months after the Amoco Cadiz spill; some felt the cleanup would never be over. U.S. scientists believed one-third of the oil made it to shore, leaving the rest lost to evaporation and the sea. Overall, the disaster caused serious financial losses -- one estimate claimed the price of cleanup efforts and business losses exceeded $100 million dollars.
- 11. The French government presented several claims and damages to United States courts. In 1978, it was estimated to have caused US$250 million in damage to fisheries and tourist amenities. The French government presented claims totalling US$2 billion to United States courts. In subsequent legal proceedings in Chicago, United States, France was awarded US$120 million from the American oil company Amoco in 1990.
- 12. “As a general conclusion, it is rather premature to decide whether the ecosystems and populations of the impacted areas will ever regain their original state, and it is also premature to give precise indications on how long it will take before the new or the former stable age distributions and equilibrium species assemblages will be attained.” - Published in a French paper in 1983
- 13. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1983/publication-5378.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoco_Cadiz_oil_spill#Oil_spill https://www.shipwrecklog.com/log/history/amoco-cadiz/ https://www.marineinsight.com/case-studies/the-gruesome-amoco-cadiz-oil- spill-incident/ http://www.counterspill.org/article/amoco-cadiz-brief-history