Status of threat: Endangered (Ref. 45563).
| Family | Species | Author | Info | Occurrence | Common names | Abundance | Max length | Maturity | Remark | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muraenesocidae | Muraenesox cinereus | (Forsskål, 1775) | Fr, Br, M, Fi | native | 海鰻 (Mandarin Chinese) | 220 cm TL male/unsexed | Known from Tai-chung, Chang-hwa and Erh-jen-shi, western Taiwan (Ref. 43515). Collected from mangrove creeks in Pu-Tai, southwestern Taiwan (Ref. 48455). Reported from Penghu (Ref. 43515, 55073). Also Ref. 36073. | | ||
| Xenocyprididae | Mylopharyngodon piceus | (Richardson, 1846) | Fr, Fi, Aq | not established | Black carp (English), 青魚 (Mandarin Chinese), 烏鰡 (Mandarin Chinese) | 180 cm TL male/unsexed | Has established in aquaculture through assisted/artificial reproduction. Has not established in the wild (Ref. 1739). Important culture species with exportation of fry. First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1966 (Ref. 40297). | | ||
| Pomacentridae | Neopomacentrus taeniurus | (Bleeker, 1856) | Fr, Br, M | questionable | 條尾新雀鯛 (Mandarin Chinese) | common (usually seen) | 10.00 cm TL male/unsexed | Reported from northern (Kuei-ho harbor, Wan-li (Ref. 43539), rarely found in Shihman and occasionally in Yehliu) (Ref. 43538) and western (Yun-gan) Taiwan (Ref. 43515). Reported from the Penghu Islands (Ref. 55073). Also Ref. 5193, 43515, 47843. | | |
| Blenniidae | Omobranchus ferox | (Herre, 1927) | Fr, Br | native | 黑斑肩鰓鳚 (Mandarin Chinese) | 6.00 cm SL male/unsexed | Also Ref. 90102. Reported from Peng-hu (Ref. 55073). | | ||
| Salmonidae | Oncorhynchus formosanus | (Jordan & Oshima, 1919) | Fr, Pr, Thr | endemic | 台灣鱒 (Mandarin Chinese) | scarce (very unlikely) | 30.00 cm NG male/unsexed | Found only in the Dai-Cha river (= Dajiaxi river, Ref. 45563). The only salmon species in the world found as far south as Taiwan. The Ichthyological Society of Taiwan discussed about valid name of Taiwan salmon, and dicided to change its name from Oncorhynchus masou formosanum to Oncorhynchus masou formosanus (J.Lin pers.comm. 11/07). Threatened due to overfishing (Ref. 45563). Status of threat: Endangered (Ref. 45563). | | |
| Salmonidae | Oncorhynchus mykiss | (Walbaum, 1792) | Fr, Fi, Aq | introduced | 虹鱒 (Mandarin Chinese), Rainbow trout (English), 鱒魚 (Mandarin Chinese) | 122 cm TL male/unsexed | Production reached 949 t for 1987 (Ref. 6300). Introduced from Japan for aquaculture. First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1964 (Ref. 40297). | | ||
| Cyprinidae | Onychostoma alticorpus | (Oshima, 1920) | Fr, Pr, Thr | native | Deep-body shovelnose minnow (English), 高身鏟頜魚 (Mandarin Chinese), Taiwan ku fish (English), 赦鮸 (Mandarin Chinese), 高身鮰魚 (Mandarin Chinese), 鮸仔 (Mandarin Chinese) | scarce (very unlikely) | 50.00 cm SL male/unsexed | Occurs in south and east Taiwan; including Baynan River (Ref. 5193). Also Ref. 6376, 12255, 42926, 45563. Status of threat: Vulnerable (Ref. 45563). | | |
| Cyprinidae | Onychostoma barbatulum | (Pellegrin, 1908) | Fr, Aq | native | 苦花 (Mandarin Chinese), Taiwan shoveljaw carp (English), 台灣鏟頜魚 (Mandarin Chinese), 苦偎 (Mandarin Chinese), 鮰魚 (Mandarin Chinese), 齊頭偎 (Mandarin Chinese) | 22.50 cm TL male/unsexed | First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1986 (Ref. 40297). | | ||
| Butidae | Ophiocara porocephala | (Valenciennes, 1837) | Fr, Br, M | native | 頭孔塘鱧 (Mandarin Chinese) | 34.00 cm TL male/unsexed | Collected from a mangrove creek in Chu-Wei, northwestern Taiwan (Ref. 48455); reported from the southern tip of Taiwan (Ref. 47843) and the Penghu Islands (Ref. 55073). Also Ref. 36073, 48455. | | ||
| Xenocyprididae | Opsariichthys evolans | (Jordan & Evermann, 1902) | Fr | native | 8.99 cm SL male/unsexed ;6.97 cm SL female | Found around the main drainages of northern and northwestern Taiwan, including Taipei, Taoyuan, Shinchu, and Miaoli Counties; Taipei and Keelung Cities (Ref. 81910). Recorded from Tanshuei River in Taipei (Ref. 79878). | | |||
| Xenocyprididae | Opsariichthys kaopingensis | Chen & Wu, 2009 | Fr | native | 11.37 cm SL male/unsexed | Found in rivers basins of both Kaohsiung and Pingtung Counties in southern Taiwan which include Kaoping, Tongkong, Linbien, Fansan, Fongkong, Szuchung and Kankou rivers. | | |||
| Xenocyprididae | Opsariichthys pachycephalus | Günther, 1868 | Fr | native | 溪哥 (Mandarin Chinese), 苦槽仔 (Mandarin Chinese), 闊嘴 (Mandarin Chinese), 粗首鱲 (Mandarin Chinese) | 16.00 cm TL male/unsexed | Widespread across northern and western Taiwan (including Ilan, Taipei, Taoyuan, Shinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Chanhwa, Yunlin, Charyi, and Tainan Counties), except river basins south of the Tzengwen River. Artificially introduced in eastern Taiwan (Hualien and Taitung Counties) which has subsequently expanded its range in these basins and caused greatly substantial declines of the locally endemic cyprinid (Aphyocypris kikuchii) and gobiid fishes (two species of Rhinogobius spp.) (Ref. 81910). Also Ref. 5193, 33508, 47271. | | ||
| Cichlidae | Oreochromis aureus | (Steindachner, 1864) | Fr, Br, Fi, Aq | introduced | Blue tilapia (English) | abundant (always seen in some numbers) | 45.70 cm TL male/unsexed | Collected from mangrove creeks in southwestern Taiwan (Pu-Tai and Pei-Men) (Ref. 48455). First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1975 (Ref. 40297). Crossed with O. niloticus females to produce all male offspring; the resulting hybrid is now the tilapia mainly cultured in Taiwan. | | |
| Cichlidae | Oreochromis mossambicus | (Peters, 1852) | Fr, Br, Fi, Aq | introduced | Wu-Kuo yu (Mandarin Chinese), Mozambique tilapia (English), 莫三鼻口孵魚 (Mandarin Chinese), 南洋鯽仔 (Mandarin Chinese), 在來吳郭魚 (Mandarin Chinese), 非洲仔 (Mandarin Chinese) | abundant (always seen in some numbers) | 39.00 cm SL male/unsexed | Collected from the Tsengwen estuary (Ref. 36073) and from mangrove creeks in southwestern Taiwan (Pu-Tai, Pei-Men, and Syh-Tsao) (Ref. 48455). Also known from the Penghu Islands (Ref. 55073). Since the Taiwanese government monitors and regulates the dissemination of the tilapias, there are no reported adverse effects of their introduction at present (Ref. 6300). First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1946 (Ref. 40297). Also Ref. 2, 3, 5193, 36683. | | |
| Cichlidae | Oreochromis niloticus | (Linnaeus, 1758) | Fr, Br, Fi, Aq | introduced | Nile tilapia (English), 尼羅口孵魚 (Mandarin Chinese) | common (usually seen) | 60.00 cm SL male/unsexed | First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1967 (Ref. 40297). Also Ref. 5193. | | |
| Adrianichthyidae | Oryzias latipes | (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | Fr, Br, Or | extirpated | 青鮰 (Mandarin Chinese) | 4.00 cm SL male/unsexed | Extinct due to the introduction of Gambusia affinis. Rediscovered in I-Lan (Ref. 5193). Bioluminescent fish (product of flourescent protein extracted from jellyfish and attaching to DNA in embryonic fish) is being bred for aquarium enthusiasts. These are now being exported to other countries (Ref. 48567). | | ||
| Adrianichthyidae | Oryzias sinensis | Chen, Uwa & Chu, 1989 | Fr | native | 3.10 cm SL male/unsexed | Restricted to northeastern Taiwan: Yilan County (Taiyangpi and rare in Shuanglienpi) and in New Taipei City (Gongliao, Ruyi Lake and Taiping). The invasive poeciliid fish (such as Gambusia affinis or mosquitofish and Xiphophorus hellerii or green swordtail) contributed the most to the decline of the Chinese ricefish population and its genetic diversity (Ref. 127481). Status of threat: Endangered. | | |||
| Butidae | Oxyeleotris marmorata | (Bleeker, 1852) | Fr, Br, Aq | introduced | Marble goby (English), 斑駁尖塘鱧 (Mandarin Chinese) | 65.00 cm SL male/unsexed | Introduced from Cambodia in 1975. First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1973 (Ref. 40297). Also Ref. 47843. | | ||
| Pangasiidae | Pangasianodon hypophthalmus | (Sauvage, 1878) | Fr, Aq | not established | Thailand catfish (English) | 130 cm SL male/unsexed | First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1976 (Ref. 40297). | | ||
| Cichlidae | Parachromis managuensis | (Günther, 1867) | Fr, Or | introduced | 55.00 cm TL male/unsexed | Documented invasive pet fish species in the country (Ref. 78619). | | |||
| Cobitidae | Paramisgurnus dabryanus | Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 | Fr, Fi | native | 紅泥鰍 (Mandarin Chinese), 大鱗副泥鰍 (Mandarin Chinese), 土鰍 (Mandarin Chinese), 胡溜 (Mandarin Chinese), 雨溜 (Mandarin Chinese), 魚溜 (Mandarin Chinese) | common (usually seen) | 21.50 cm TL male/unsexed | Also Ref. 31517. | | |
| Acheilognathidae | Paratanakia chii | (Miao, 1934) | Fr | native | 5.56 cm SL male/unsexed | No picture yet. | ||||
| Acheilognathidae | Paratanakia himantegus | (Günther, 1868) | Fr | endemic | 革條副鱊 (Mandarin Chinese), 台灣石鮒 (Mandarin Chinese), 牛屎鯽仔 (Mandarin Chinese) | 8.00 cm TL male/unsexed | Widely distributed in the country (Ref. 123653). Museum: NSMT-P 47675 (8 specimens, 2.94-5.11 cm SL) (Ref. 26914). | | ||
| Pristigasteridae | Pellona ditchela | Valenciennes, 1847 | Fr, Br, M | native | 庇隆鰳 (Mandarin Chinese), 齒鰳 (Mandarin Chinese) | 16.00 cm SL male/unsexed | Outside geographic range; occurrence needs verification. Also Ref. 47843. | | ||
| Serrasalmidae | Piaractus brachypomus | (Cuvier, 1818) | Fr | not established | 88.00 cm TL male/unsexed | | ||||
| Ophichthidae | Pisodonophis boro | (Hamilton, 1822) | Fr, Br, M | native | 波路荳齒蛇鰻 (Mandarin Chinese) | 100.00 cm TL male/unsexed | Reported from the Taiwan Strait (Ref. 47843). Collected from a mangrove creek in Shin-Feng, northwestern Taiwan (Ref. 48455). Also Ref. 7050. | | ||
| Mugilidae | Planiliza macrolepis | (Smith, 1846) | Fr, Br, M, Fi, Aq | native | Big scale liza (English), 大鱗鮻 (Mandarin Chinese) | 60.00 cm SL male/unsexed | Known from northern (Tung-hsiao, Tai-chung and Chang-hwa) and southern (including Hsiao-liu-chiu) Taiwan, and from Peng-hu (Ref. 43515). Collected from mangrove creeks in northwestern Taiwan (Chu-Wei, Shin-Feng, and Chu-Nan) and southwestern Taiwan (Pu-Tai, Pei-Men, and Syh-Tsao) (Ref. 48455). Also recorded from the Tanshui estuary, northwestern Taiwan (Ref. 38058). First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1997 (Ref. 40927). Also Ref. 4868, 5193, 36073, 43538, 47843, 48455, 55073. | | ||
| Mugilidae | Planiliza subviridis | (Valenciennes, 1836) | Fr, Br, M, Fi, Aq | native | Red eye liza (English), 白鮻 (Mandarin Chinese) | 40.00 cm SL male/unsexed | Occurs in northwestern Taiwan - Tanshui estuary (Ref. 38058) and mangrove creeks in Chu-Wei and Chu-Nan (Ref. 48455). Reported from Penghu (Ref. 55073). First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1997 (Ref. 40927). Also Ref. 4868, 5193. 36073, 47843. | | ||
| Pleuronectidae | Platichthys bicoloratus | (Basilewsky, 1855) | Fr, Br, M | native | 50.00 cm SL male/unsexed | Also Ref. 11230. | | |||
| Plecoglossidae | Plecoglossus altivelis | (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | Fr, Br, M, Fi, Aq | introduced | Sweet-fish (English) | 70.00 cm TL male/unsexed | Native stock extirpated after manmade damage to environment (Ref. 6300). Existing stocks introduced from Japan (Ref. 5193). Cultivated for local consumption and for export to Japan (Ref. 6300). First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1979 (Ref. 40297). Also Ref. 559. | | ||
| Poeciliidae | Poecilia reticulata | Peters, 1859 | Fr, Or | introduced | 5.00 cm SL male/unsexed ;6.00 cm SL female | Species recorded in the wild, also available in pet stores in the country (Ref. 78619). | | |||
| Poeciliidae | Poecilia velifera | (Regan, 1914) | Fr, Br | introduced | 帆鰭胎生鮰 (Mandarin Chinese), 帆鰭胎生鮰魚 (Mandarin Chinese) | 15.00 cm TL male/unsexed | Collected from mangrove creeks in southwestern Taiwan (Pei-Men and Syh-Tsao) (Ref. 48455). Also Ref. 36073. | | ||
| Oxudercidae | Pseudapocryptes elongatus | (Cuvier, 1816) | Fr, Br, M | native | 尖尾鯊 (Mandarin Chinese) | 20.00 cm TL male/unsexed | | |||
| Bagridae | Pseudobagrus brevianalis | Regan, 1908 | Fr | native | 短臂擬鱨 (Mandarin Chinese) | 10.00 cm SL male/unsexed | Known from Lake Candidus. | | ||
| Bagridae | Pseudobagrus taiwanensis | Oshima, 1919 | Fr | native | 台灣擬鱨 (Mandarin Chinese) | Known from Tozen River near Taichu. | No picture yet. | |||
| Gobiidae | Pseudogobius poicilosoma | (Bleeker, 1849) | Fr | native | 爪哇擬鰕虎 (Mandarin Chinese) | 6.50 cm TL male/unsexed | Collected from Tzeng-Wen stream, Tainan (Ref. 43550). | | ||
| Gobionidae | Pseudorasbora parva | (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | Fr, Br | introduced | 尖嘴仔 (Mandarin Chinese), 車栓仔 (Mandarin Chinese), 麥穗魚 (Mandarin Chinese), 羅漢魚 (Mandarin Chinese) | 12.50 cm TL male/unsexed | Collected from mangrove creeks in Shin-Feng, northwestern Taiwan (Ref. 48455). Reported from Peng-hu (Ref. 55073). | | ||
| Loricariidae | Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus | (Weber, 1991) | Fr | introduced | 70.00 cm TL male/unsexed | Recorded from Gaoping basin, Pingtung County (ZRC 46820, 30 Nov. 2001). | | |||
| Loricariidae | Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus | (Hancock, 1828) | Fr, Or | introduced | common (usually seen) | 50.00 cm TL male/unsexed | 32.5 SL | Established in the Kaoping river in southern Taiwan (Ref. 58503). Species was imported commercially for aquarium cleaning during the 1970's and has become widely distributed in streams, lakes and reservoirs. It has become a serious threat to freshwater fish diversity (Ref. 56986). Available in pet stores in the country (Ref. 78619). | | |
| Cyprinidae | Puntius snyderi | Oshima, 1919 | Fr | native | 7.70 cm TL male/unsexed | Type locality, Rigyokutsu, Nanto, Taiwan (Ref. 81932). | No picture yet. | |||
| Gobiidae | Rhinogobius candidianus | (Regan, 1908) | Fr | native | 明潭吻鰕虎 (Mandarin Chinese) | 7.84 cm SL male/unsexed | Hundreds of specimens were recorded from the Shuanshi, Marlian, Parlian, Tamshuei, Holong, Jongkang, Darchia, Tatu and Joshuei Rivers. Although this species was described from its type locality, Lake Candidius, it can only be found around nearby drainages of the Tatu and Joshuei Rivers but not in the lake since only R. giurinus is a lacustrine species (Ref. 13111). Also Ref. 31517. | | ||
| Gobiidae | Rhinogobius delicatus | Chen & Shao, 1996 | Fr | native | 細斑吻鰕虎 (Mandarin Chinese) | 6.49 cm SL male/unsexed | Found only in the rivers of eastern Taiwan, including those in Hwalien and Taitung Counties (Ref. 13111). Also Ref. 31517. | | ||
| Gobiidae | Rhinogobius formosanus | Oshima, 1919 | Fr | endemic | 名古屋吻鰕虎 (Mandarin Chinese) | 4.87 cm SL male/unsexed | Found in northern and northeastern Taiwan (Ref. 13111). Also Ref. 31517, 88999. | | ||
| Gobiidae | Rhinogobius gigas | Aonuma & Chen, 1996 | Fr | native | 大吻鰕虎 (Mandarin Chinese) | 8.05 cm SL male/unsexed | Occurs in the midstream and downstream of rivers of eastern Taiwan, including the southern part of Ilan, Hualian, and Taitung County. Specimens were collected from Nanau, Hoping, Sanjan, Shimen, Sholulwan, Peinandar, Taimarli, and Kinglun rivers. Museum: Shinwulwu R. of Peinandar R., ASIZP-057224 (holotype, 8.05 cm SL). Sanjan R., Hualian County, ASIZP-057225. Nanau R., Ilan County, ASIZP-057226. Kinglun R., Taitung County, NMBMP-00302. Also Ref. 13111, 31517. | | ||
| Gobiidae | Rhinogobius giurinus | (Rutter, 1897) | Fr | native | 極樂鰕虎 (Mandarin Chinese) | 12.10 cm TL male/unsexed | Commonly found in main drainages of rivers, brooks, ponds or lakes. Also Ref. 559, 31517. | | ||
| Gobiidae | Rhinogobius henchuenensis | Chen & Shao, 1996 | Fr | native | 恆春吻鰕虎 (Mandarin Chinese) | 4.45 cm SL male/unsexed | Known from the Fongkang River and Ssuchung River in the Hengchuen Peninsula (Ref. 13111). Also Ref. 31517. | | ||
| Gobiidae | Rhinogobius lanyuensis | Chen, Miller & Fang, 1998 | Fr | native | 蘭嶼吻鰕虎 (Mandarin Chinese) | 6.69 cm SL male/unsexed | Known only from Lanyu (Orchid Island), at present recorded from the Dong-Ching brook (eastern drainage) and the Ye-Yu brook (western drainage) (Ref. 33066). Also ref. 31517. | | ||
| Gobiidae | Rhinogobius maculafasciatus | Chen & Shao, 1996 | Fr | native | 斑帶吻鰕虎 (Mandarin Chinese) | 5.00 cm SL male/unsexed | Found in the middle and lower drainages of southern Taiwan, such as the Tzengwen and Kaoping Rivers (Ref. 13111). Also Ref. 31517, 36073. | | ||
| Gobiidae | Rhinogobius nagoyae | Jordan & Seale, 1906 | Fr | native | | |||||
| Gobiidae | Rhinogobius nantaiensis | Aonuma & Chen, 1996 | Fr | native | 南台吻鰕虎 (Mandarin Chinese) | 6.02 cm SL male/unsexed | Range up to southern Taiwan from the middle and upper drainages of Tzengwen River and Kaoping R. Museum: Ailaiopei R. of Kouping R., Pingtung County, ASIZP-057237 (holotype, 4.42 cm SL); ASIZP-057239 (paratypes, 2:2.69, 4.03 cm SL). Nantsushan R. of Kouping R., Kaohsiung County, ASIZP-057238. Tzengwen R., Chiayi County, ASIZP-057240. Also Ref. 13111, 31517. | |